Inhalant Abuse

Illicit use of chemicals and products whose vapors can be inhaled to produce a rapid mind-altering effect. Inhalants include aerosols, gases, and volatile solvents that are often inhaled repeatedly to achieve the short-lived intoxicating effect.

Also Known As:

Networked: 132 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Polyneuropathies (Polyneuropathy)
2.	Kaposi Sarcoma (Kaposi's Sarcoma)
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights)
5.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)

Experts

1.	Bowen, Scott E: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2005)
2.	Hannigan, John H: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2005)
3.	Duncan, Jhodie R: 4 articles (01/2019 - 12/2016)
4.	Lawrence, Andrew J: 4 articles (01/2019 - 12/2016)
5.	Sarici, S Umit: 4 articles (01/2005 - 08/2002)
6.	Crossin, Rose: 3 articles (01/2019 - 02/2017)
7.	Türkbay, Tümer: 3 articles (01/2003 - 08/2002)
8.	Davidson, Cameron J: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2018)
9.	Andrews, Zane B: 2 articles (01/2019 - 01/2018)
10.	Qama, Ashleigh: 2 articles (01/2019 - 10/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Inhalant Abuse:

1.	TolueneIBA 02/01/2019 - "Growth changes after inhalant abuse and toluene exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies." 11/01/2007 - "The present study assessed the tissue toluene levels attained following brief toluene exposures using a pre-clinical rat model of maternal inhalant abuse. " 10/01/2021 - "Toluene-induced leukodystrophy from glue sniffing." 01/01/2018 - "Abuse of toluene products (e.g., glue-sniffing) primarily occurs during adolescence and has been associated with appetite suppression and weight impairments. " 01/01/2018 - "The results also imply that experiencing anxiety during withdrawal from toluene may contribute to the persistent use of inhalants and may be relevant to clinical treatment of inhalant abuse/addiction."
2.	SolventsIBA 03/01/2021 - "This study was aimed to discriminate solvent-based adhesives, especially to aid forensic investigation of glue sniffing activities. " 04/01/2003 - "Data from intracranial self-stimulation studies of solvents may be useful in abuse potential assessment of individual compounds and for examining neural and behavioral processes involved in inhalant abuse." 01/01/2021 - "This review focuses on the available literature using single- and combined-BTEX component inhaled solvent exposures in animal models, necessarily also drawing on findings from models of inhalant abuse and occupational exposures. " 01/01/2017 - "Occupational exposure and sniffing of volatile organic solvents continue to be a worldwide health problem, raising the risk for teratogenic sequelae of maternal inhalant abuse. " 01/01/2017 - "Moreover, solvent and glue abuse is gaining popularity among teenagers and young adults which may even cause fatality. "
3.	n-hexaneIBA 11/01/1997 - "We describe a patient with a severe subacute neuropathy following n-hexane exposure via glue sniffing. " 11/01/1997 - "n-Hexane neuropathy has been described after glue sniffing and industrial exposure. " 03/01/1976 - "Progressive sensorimotor neuropathy developed in two patients exposed to prolonged (chronic) inhalation of n-hexane (glue sniffing). " 02/06/1976 - "The disease shows remarkable similarity to the "glue-sniffing neuropathy" described in the US and Japan which is attributed to n-hexane." 03/01/1975 - "A young man with a long history of addictive glue-sniffing developed severe distal symmetrical polyneuropathy several months after switching to a cement containing n-hexane and gradually improved several months after switching to another cement containing no n-hexane. "
4.	NitritesIBA 06/01/2009 - "Nitrite inhalant abuse in antisocial youth: prevalence, patterns, and predictors." 06/07/2002 - "Nitrite inhalant abuse has been correlated with HIV and Kaposi's sarcoma. " 03/15/1998 - "Epidemiological studies indicating that nitrite inhalant abuse is a co-factor in HIV infection and in Kaposi's sarcoma are supported by recent experimental studies, described in this review. " 02/01/2000 - "Nitrite inhalant abuse has been correlated epidemiologically with HIV seropositivity and with Kaposi's sarcoma. " 01/01/1990 - "The search for cofactors in AIDS, including an analysis of the association of nitrite inhalant abuse and Kaposi's sarcoma."
5.	HydrocarbonsIBA 10/01/2006 - "We performed a prospective observational study of 7 subjects who presented to an ED after inhalant abuse of methanol-containing hydrocarbon products. " 06/01/2014 - "Search terms included combinations of the following: hydrocarbons, inhalants, encephalopathy, coma, cognitive deficits, inhalant abuse, huffing, sudden sniffing death, toluene, renal tubular acidosis, metabolic acidosis, arrhythmia, dermatitis, and aspiration pneumonitis. " 08/01/1987 - "Widely disparate substances such as glue, gasoline, anesthetic gases, and nitrites have all been discussed under the single rubric of "inhalant abuse." A classification scheme is proposed which differentiates users of substances such as volatile hydrocarbons (gasoline, glue, etc.) from users of the anesthetic gases and of the amyl and butyl nitrites. " 07/01/1994 - "In the present study we attempted to investigate the influence of glue thinner, a very popular glue used by glue-sniffing children, and the four organic solvents that compose this thinner (toluene, mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride) on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICSS) in rats. "
6.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/01/2003 - "Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in adolescents with inhalant abuse." 08/01/2002 - "The role of Se and Zn supplementation in children with inhalant abuse remains to be determined considering the reduced antioxidant activity resulting from deficiency of these trace elements." 01/01/2003 - "In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in children with inhalant abuse. "
7.	Trichloroethylene (Trichloroethene)IBA 01/01/2007 - "In a study the case of an acute intoxication following inhalant abuse of trichloroethylene vapours is presented. "
8.	Petroleum (Crude Oil)IBA 07/01/1994 - "In the present study we attempted to investigate the influence of glue thinner, a very popular glue used by glue-sniffing children, and the four organic solvents that compose this thinner (toluene, mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride) on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICSS) in rats. "
9.	Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)IBA 07/01/1994 - "In the present study we attempted to investigate the influence of glue thinner, a very popular glue used by glue-sniffing children, and the four organic solvents that compose this thinner (toluene, mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride) on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICSS) in rats. "
10.	Malondialdehyde (Propanedial)IBA 01/01/2003 - "In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in children with inhalant abuse. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hemodiafiltration 01/01/2018 - "Since toluene is the main toxic agent involved in glue sniffing which is metabolized to hippuric acid, the present case was treated with continuous hemodiafiltration, plasma exchange and conservative therapy to eliminate hippuric acid. "
2.	Therapeutics 09/01/1978 - "These changes are not specific for acrylamide intoxication, having been observed in other experimentally induced neuropathies (n-hexane, Mn-BK, CS2, ...), as well as in a variety of diseases both genetically determined and due to exposure to toxic substances (glue-sniffing, leather cement poisoning, antiblastic therapy, ...). "
3.	Plasma Exchange 01/01/2018 - "Since toluene is the main toxic agent involved in glue sniffing which is metabolized to hippuric acid, the present case was treated with continuous hemodiafiltration, plasma exchange and conservative therapy to eliminate hippuric acid. "
4.	Anesthesia 01/01/2005 - "The literature regarding mothball abuse as well as inhalant abuse relevant to anesthesia is reviewed, and suggestions for the diagnosis and peri-operative management are offered."
5.	Glycemic Control 01/01/2019 - "This review addresses several aspects of the short- and long-term effects of inhalant abuse relating to energy and metabolic processes, including energy balance, intake and expenditure; dietary preferences and glycemic control; and the dysfunction of metabolic homeostasis through altered adipose tissue, bone, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function."