Lemierre Syndrome

A superinfection of the damaged oropharyngeal mucosa by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM leading to the secondary septic THROMBOPHLEBITIS of the internal jugular vein.

Also Known As:

Lemierre Disease; Lemierre's Disease; Lemierre's Syndrome; Postanginal Sepsis; Disease, Lemierre; Disease, Lemierre's; Lemierres Disease; Lemierres Syndrome; Postanginal Sepses; Sepses, Postanginal; Sepsis, Postanginal; Syndrome, Lemierre; Syndrome, Lemierre's

Networked: 176 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Lemierre Syndrome
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Thrombophlebitis
5.	Bacteremia

Experts

1.	Holm, Karin: 4 articles (02/2022 - 01/2018)
2.	Centor, Robert M: 2 articles (06/2022 - 12/2010)
3.	Nygren, David: 2 articles (02/2022 - 01/2021)
4.	Takahashi, Gaku: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
5.	Lee, Wen-Sen: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2012)
6.	Ou, Tsong-Yih: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2012)
7.	Bank, S: 2 articles (03/2015 - 01/2013)
8.	Kristensen, L H: 2 articles (03/2015 - 01/2013)
9.	Prag, J: 2 articles (03/2015 - 01/2013)
10.	Vargiami, Efthimia G: 2 articles (04/2010 - 04/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lemierre Syndrome:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 09/01/1995 - "The features of Lemierre syndrome have changed little since the original description, through the prognosis has improved dramatically since the development of antibiotics. " 06/01/2012 - "The diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome was confirmed, and he was effectively treated with appropriate antibiotics and anti-coagulation." 11/23/2023 - "The patient eventually responded well to anticoagulation in addition to antibiotics, which is similar to cases of Lemierre's syndrome. " 06/01/2022 - "Finally, we have no studies of either antibiotics or anticoagulation for the Lemierre Syndrome. " 08/01/2023 - "Despite modern antibiotics, Lemierre's syndrome remains underdiagnosed and poses a significant threat. "
2.	AnticoagulantsIBA 08/01/2014 - "It is suggested to screen patients with Lemierre's syndrome for a hypercoagulable state to consider anticoagulant therapy." 01/01/2021 - "Search terms included "Lemierre Syndrome" AND "anticoagulation" NOT "prophylaxis" OR "atrial fibrillation," in addition to a list of parenteral and oral anticoagulants. " 02/01/2019 - "Authors report a case of Lemierre's syndrome with extensive venous thrombosis involving right internal jugular veins with extension to the sigmoid and lateral sinus and also review the literature on the use of anticoagulant therapy in Lemierre's syndrome. " 02/01/2019 - "Our ongoing work aims to investigate the risk of new thromboembolic events, major bleeding or death in patients diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome, and to better elucidate the role of anticoagulant therapy in this setting. " 04/01/2007 - "After having undergone a 6 week course of antimicrobial treatment and anticoagulant therapy, the patient recovered from the infection with no residual complications, and the signs and symptoms of Lemierre syndrome resolved. "
3.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 06/01/2003 - "We present a case of Lemierre's syndrome, most notable for the patient's essentially benign physical examination and lack of clinical improvement with penicillin." 12/01/2010 - "Lemierre syndrome (LS) is considered as a forgotten disease since the beginning of Penicillin. " 03/01/2015 - "necrophorum tonsillitis with, for example, penicillin, metronidazole, or both, we might prevent some cases of Lemierre syndrome." 04/01/2010 - "After the advent of antibiotic therapy, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, when penicillin was frequently used to treat pharyngeal infections, Lemierre syndrome was often referred to as the "forgotten disease". " 05/01/2021 - "The authors report an unusual case of an elderly patient with penicillin allergy who developed Lemierre syndrome from an odontogenic infection (Streptococcus intermedius) resistant to clindamycin. "
4.	Metronidazole (Metric)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2019 - "Two cases of Lemierre's syndrome were treated successfully with only 2-4 weeks of metronidazole therapy. " 10/01/2009 - "The case history is described of a middle-aged man with Lemierre's syndrome who made an uneventful recovery following treatment with co-amoxiclav and metronidazole for 6 weeks." 08/23/2021 - "A diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome due to Streptococcus anginosus was made and treatment initiated with high-dose ceftriaxone and metronidazole, along with surgical debridement. " 03/01/2015 - "necrophorum tonsillitis with, for example, penicillin, metronidazole, or both, we might prevent some cases of Lemierre syndrome." 03/01/2009 - "The patient was diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome, and an alternative treatment regimen with prolonged administration of ampicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole resulted in improvement of the patient's respiratory function and general condition. "
5.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Lemierre's syndrome is frequently caused by Fusobacterium infection which is frequently susceptible to clindamycin. " 01/01/2022 - "Through this case we present a unique case of a 45-year-old Caucasian female with Lemierre's Syndrome due to polymicrobial organisms that were resistant to clindamycin thus developing recurrent infections despite being on antibiotics." 05/01/2021 - "The authors report an unusual case of an elderly patient with penicillin allergy who developed Lemierre syndrome from an odontogenic infection (Streptococcus intermedius) resistant to clindamycin. " 03/01/2009 - "The patient was diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome, and an alternative treatment regimen with prolonged administration of ampicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole resulted in improvement of the patient's respiratory function and general condition. " 10/01/1996 - "The diagnosis of Lemierre's disease was made and patient improved rapidly following intravenous therapy of clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and heparin."
6.	Meropenem (Merrem)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Lemierre's Syndrome Associated with Periodontal Injury-derived Odontogenic Infection that Did Not Respond to Meropenem." 02/01/2012 - "Lemierre syndrome complicating multiple brain abscesses caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae cured by fosfomycin and meropenem combination therapy." 03/08/2023 - "After Lemierre's syndrome was diagnosed in combination with the abovementioned jugular vein thrombus, clindamycin was replaced with meropenem, and vancomycin was increased. "
7.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Lemierre Syndrome in a Patient With Splenectomy Secondary to Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency, Complicated by Heparin Resistance." 10/01/1996 - "The diagnosis of Lemierre's disease was made and patient improved rapidly following intravenous therapy of clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and heparin."
8.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)FDA LinkGeneric 08/23/2021 - "A diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome due to Streptococcus anginosus was made and treatment initiated with high-dose ceftriaxone and metronidazole, along with surgical debridement. " 10/01/1996 - "The diagnosis of Lemierre's disease was made and patient improved rapidly following intravenous therapy of clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and heparin."
9.	Vitamin K FDA Link 10/01/2016 - "Efficacy of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for Lemierre syndrome."
10.	Fosfomycin FDA Link 02/01/2012 - "In individual cases of Lemierre syndrome with brain abscess caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, fosfomycin combination therapy may be the alternative choice." 02/01/2012 - "Lemierre syndrome complicating multiple brain abscesses caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae cured by fosfomycin and meropenem combination therapy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2016 - "Although uncommon, clinicians need to be aware of this condition because patients with Lemierre's syndrome require prompt and appropriate antimicrobial therapy." 01/01/2015 - "This case report illustrates the delay in diagnosis of probable Lemierre's syndrome in a 17-year-old female, its diagnosis, and successful treatment which included the use of anticoagulation therapy. " 02/01/2014 - "We report a patient with Lemierre syndrome with multiple intracranial complications despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy. " 10/01/2012 - "We summarise the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, therapy, and outcomes of Lemierre's syndrome. " 01/01/2012 - "Because Lemierre syndrome is potentially life-threatening, early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy are important."
2.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 11/01/2003 - "Critical care nurses be aware: Lemierre's syndrome is on the rise." 01/03/2018 - "Lemierre's syndrome is a potentially life-threatening consequence of oropharyngeal and ear infections and often results in critical care admission and even intubation. " 01/01/2003 - "In a retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2000 in two departments (infectious diseases and critical care unit) of Nice university hospital (Nice, France), we collected and analysed six cases of Lemierre's syndrome. " 02/01/2018 - "We report a 21-year-old young male with Lemierre's syndrome presented as tonsillitis and Fusobacterium septicemia with respiratory failure and required intensive care. " 08/07/2017 - "Her sepsis was accompanied by internal jugular vein thrombosis in keeping with a diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome, which was treated aggressively with antibiotics, intensive care and mechanical ventilatory support in the intensive care unit. "
3.	Tonsillectomy 10/06/2017 - "Lemierre Syndrome After Tonsillectomy." 03/01/2004 - "Lemierre syndrome is a rare condition which may also follow tonsillectomy. " 03/01/2004 - "[Lemierre syndrome: thrombosis of the internal jugular vein after tonsillectomy]." 11/01/1997 - "Lemierre syndrome, usually seen after an oropharyngeal infection, can also complicate tonsillectomy." 11/01/1997 - "Septic arthritis of the hip by Fusobacterium necrophorum after tonsillectomy: a form of Lemierre syndrome?"
4.	Debridement 10/01/2018 - "After undergoing an irrigation and debridement, the patient became hypoxic and critically ill from sepsis due to Lemierre syndrome. " 10/11/2010 - "This article describes a case of a variant of Lemierre's syndrome in a 17-year-old girl, demonstrating a relentless case of limb infection refractory to multiple surgical debridements and broad-spectrum and targeted antibiotics. " 08/23/2021 - "A diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome due to Streptococcus anginosus was made and treatment initiated with high-dose ceftriaxone and metronidazole, along with surgical debridement. "
5.	Catheters 08/01/2023 - "We detail a case of Lemierre's syndrome resulting from a peripherally inserted central catheter in a pregnant female patient. " 10/01/2004 - "Cuffed-catheter-related Lemierre syndrome." 08/01/2023 - "While central catheters are associated with venous thromboembolism and catheter-associated bacterial infections, cases of Lemierre's syndrome caused by central catheters are extraordinarily rare. "