Actinic Keratosis

White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2158 relevant articles (375 outcomes, 374 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Basal Cell Carcinoma (Rodent Ulcer)
2.	Bowen's Disease (Disease, Bowen)
3.	Skin Neoplasms (Skin Cancer)
4.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Stockfleth, Eggert: 32 articles (02/2022 - 11/2002)
2.	Stockfleth, E: 32 articles (01/2019 - 01/2001)
3.	Berman, Brian: 27 articles (12/2020 - 05/2004)
4.	Szeimies, Rolf-Markus: 25 articles (12/2021 - 10/2004)
5.	Szeimies, R-M: 21 articles (01/2021 - 06/2003)
6.	Wulf, H C: 18 articles (11/2022 - 04/2008)
7.	Campione, Elena: 17 articles (08/2022 - 01/2009)
8.	Dirschka, T: 17 articles (06/2021 - 03/2010)
9.	Peris, Ketty: 16 articles (05/2022 - 07/2003)
10.	Goldenberg, Gary: 16 articles (01/2021 - 02/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Actinic Keratosis:

1.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 02/01/2003 - "In this small study, PDT using topical MAL was a safe and effective treatment for actinic keratoses with excellent cosmetic outcome. " 01/01/2003 - "Studies to date have demonstrated that PDT for the treatment of patients with actinic keratoses achieves clearance of lesions with minimal morbidity, maintenance of functional integrity of underlying tissues, and excellent cosmetic results. " 01/01/2005 - "The conclusion of this study is that single treatment with topical MAL-PDT is effective for thin actinic keratosis lesions; however, repeated treatment is recommended for thicker or non-responding lesions." 08/01/2011 - "PDT repeated three times at weekly intervals was more effective against actinic keratosis than randomly repeated procedures. " 10/13/2023 - "Background: Several solutions are now proposed to provide indoor illumination with so-called artificial white light or simulated daylight (SDL-PDT), resulting in an effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). "
2.	Imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2019 - "Most of the LSR were mild-to-moderate in intensity at Week 2 and had resolved by Week 8. Imiquimod 3.75% effectively detected and cleared both the clinical and subclinical actinic keratosis lesions across the entire sun-exposed field in this cohort of Greek patients. " 01/01/2017 - "To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of conjunctival actinic keratosis being treated with and successfully eradicated by topical imiquimod." 04/01/2018 - "A 12-day course of imiquimod 5% proved effective for the treatment of actinic keratosis. " 08/01/2017 - "Increased number of mast cells in the dermis in actinic keratosis lesions effectively treated with imiquimod." 01/01/2011 - "Although its mechanism of action has not been entirely elucidated yet, imiquimod 5% cream has been shown to be an efficient, long-lasting and safe therapy for multiple actinic keratoses in non-immunosuppressed patients and in transplant recipients. "
3.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2020 - "Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AK), a highly prevalent condition among elderly populations, but it is often associated with unpredictable retail prices and high out-of-pocket costs. " 06/01/2001 - "Topical fluorouracil has proven efficacy in the treatment of actinic keratosis. " 04/01/2004 - "Controversy exists as to whether treatment of actinic keratoses with intermittent doses of topical 5-fluorouracil is effective in the absence of significant irritation. " 12/01/2004 - "Fluorouracil 5% and 0.5% creams for the treatment of actinic keratosis: equivalent efficacy with a lower concentration and more convenient dosing schedule." 09/01/2015 - "Topical fluorouracil was demonstrated to be effective in reducing the number of actinic keratoses (AKs) for up to 6 months, but no randomized trials studied its long-term efficacy. "
4.	3-ingenyl angelateIBA 08/01/2019 - "Our study shows that ingenol mebutate is highly efficacious field treatment for actinic keratosis." 01/01/2012 - "In human studies, ingenol mebutate achieved high clearance of actinic keratosis on the head and body after 2-3 consecutive daily treatments when measured by complete or partial clearance of lesions. " 06/01/2013 - "To assess 12-month recurrence rates and safety associated with ingenol mebutate gel treatment in patients who previously had achieved complete clearance of actinic keratoses. " 10/01/2017 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether actinic keratosis and photodamaged perilesional areas (field cancerization) treated successfully with topical ingenol mebutate gel 0.015% remained clear one year later, and to treat actinic keratosis and perilesional skin not treated one year earlier. " 01/01/2017 - "CONCLUSION: ingenol mebutate gel 0.015% applied to a less than 100cm2 area of the chest once daily for three consecutive days reduced the actinic keratosis count and significantly improved signs of photoaging with high patient satisfaction and good tolerability."
5.	AcidsIBA 10/01/2021 - "A Randomized Double-Blind Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Effects of a Medical Device Containing 0.3% Octatrienoic Acid in the Treatment of Grade III Actinic Keratosis." 12/01/2018 - "Treatment of facial actinic keratoses with a cream containing octatrienoic acid: a multicenter clinical experience." 11/01/2017 - "Alacare is a self-adhesive, skin coloured 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) patch that has been developed for the treatment of mild to moderate actinic keratosis (AK). " 10/01/2014 - "The benefit with 5-aminolaevulinic acid is its ability to improve the complete response rate of actinic keratosis lesions. " 10/01/2014 - "The decision was based on the favorable opinion of the CHMP recommending a marketing authorization for 5-aminolaevulinic acid for treatment of actinic keratosis of mild to moderate intensity on the face and scalp. "
6.	Aminolevulinic Acid (Levulan)FDA Link 11/08/2020 - "Currently, aminolevulinic acid-mediated dPDT has been approved to treat actinic keratosis patients in Europe. " 11/01/2020 - "5-Aminolevulinate (ALA) patches with red light (630-nm light source and a total light dose of 37 J/cm2 ) is an effective treatment indicated by food and drug administration (FDA) and european medicines agency (EMA) only for grade I to II actinic keratosis located on the scalp and face. " 03/30/2018 - "Topical formulations of delta-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Characterization and efficacy evaluation." 09/01/2014 - "The effect of multiple sequential light sources to activate aminolevulinic Acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: a retrospective study." 09/01/2010 - "Eighteen patients with actinic keratoses of the face or upper limbs received an application of a 20% delta-aminolevulinic acid cream and were submitted to diode light irradiation at a wavelength of 630 nm. A total of 328 actinic keratoses were treated, obtaining complete cure in 210 (64.0%) after 24 weeks. "
7.	Diclofenac (SR 38)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2022 - "Diclofenac 3% gel is a widely used topical treatment with proven efficacy in reducing the burden of actinic keratosis (AK); however, clinical benefit might not fully translate in clinical practice as nonadherence is substantial for prolonged treatment regimens. " 05/01/2007 - "Diclofenac 3% gel is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) and is reported to be generally well tolerated with only mild local reactions. " 12/01/2020 - "Efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma vs. diclofenac 3% gel in patients with actinic keratoses: a prospective, randomized and rater-blinded study (ACTICAP)." 09/01/2006 - "Efficacy of 3% diclofenac gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study." 01/01/2012 - "We sought to evaluate the efficacy of topical 3% diclofenac gel in the management of periocular actinic keratosis. "
8.	methyl 5-aminolevulinateIBA 01/01/2017 - "Intense pulsed light combined with methyl aminolaevulinate for treating actinic keratoses and photoaged skin of the dorsal hands has considerable advantages. " 07/01/2004 - "No reduction in the size or number of actinic keratoses was observed in one area treated with methyl aminolaevulinate and in all placebo-treated areas. " 01/01/2020 - "Topical photodynamic therapy using methyl aminolaevulinate is effective for treating actinic keratosis. " 07/01/2004 - "Photodynamic therapy using methyl aminolaevulinate is a safe and effective treatment for actinic keratoses in transplant recipients. " 07/01/2015 - "A study of topical methyl-aminolaevulinate red-light photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients: a Singaporean experience."
9.	Sunscreening Agents (Sunscreens)IBA 05/01/2017 - "There is no doubt that use of sunscreens is effective in preventing actinic keratoses. " 01/01/2016 - "The results indicated that long-term application of sunscreen is effective in suppressing actinic keratosis progression and generation. " 01/01/2021 - "All 4 studies on actinic keratoses showed a significant beneficial effect of sunscreens. " 01/01/2016 - "We have previously conducted a study where Japanese actinic keratosis patients were instructed to continuously apply sunscreen. " 11/01/1995 - "Finally, recent studies on the reduction of existing actinic keratoses and prevention of new ones with regular use of sunscreen augurs well for prevention of NMSC in the future."
10.	SolutionsIBA 11/01/2021 - "[Potassium hydroxide 5 % solution in actinic keratosis : A novel therapeutic approach in the lesion-directed treatment]." 01/01/2021 - "Efficacy and safety of hydrogen peroxide topical solution in treating actinic keratosis: A randomized controlled trial." 04/01/2007 - "A brand name aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solution (Levulan Kerastick, Dusa Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wilmington, MA) plus blue light exposure has been approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis in the USA. " 01/01/2000 - "A topical treatment with 20% delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in aqueous solution was applied in 100 lesions of actinic keratosis of 27 patients. " 07/01/1977 - "Topical (5-fluorouracil [5-FU]) as a 5% solution was used to treat isolated actinic keratoses of the lips as well as diffuse actinic damage of the lower lip. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2018 - "This paper aims to compare 10 different protocols with clinically proven efficacy for photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis and the available spectral irradiance of the light source. " 03/01/2018 - "Photodynamic therapy leads to significant improvement of actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI)." 08/01/2020 - "Daylight photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate cream is as effective as conventional photodynamic therapy with blue light in the treatment of actinic keratosis: a controlled randomized intra-individual study." 06/01/2023 - "Photodynamic Therapy is an Effective Treatment of Facial Pigmented Actinic Keratosis." 09/01/2019 - "Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis. "
2.	Therapeutics 07/01/2002 - "The results indicated that pulse therapy was indeed effective in eradicating most of the actinic keratoses while causing less discomfort or disfigurement than the FDA recommended dose, especially for patients with less severe and milder forms of actinic keratoses." 09/01/2018 - "The main endpoints presently in use for the assessment of short- and long-term efficacy of actinic keratosis field-directed therapy, namely, complete clearance and recurrence rate, are obsolete and should be replaced by the percentage reduction in actinic keratosis count or the absolute actinic keratosis count. " 01/01/2012 - "Clearly, the "ideal" therapy for actinic keratosis should be a carefully chosen compromise between undesired side-effects and therapeutic efficacy and needs to be based on a consideration of all of the relevant clinical studies." 11/01/2012 - "The iNOS inhibitors and other therapies that reduce NO production may therefore be effective in the treatment of SCCs and their premalignant precursor lesions, actinic keratoses." 01/01/2014 - "Reduction in lesions from Lmax: a new concept for assessing efficacy of field-directed therapy for actinic keratosis. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2002 - "In vivo laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy at 410 nm excitation and using the intensity of emission signal is effective for detection of BCC, SCC, and actinic keratosis, specially in patients with light colored skin." 01/01/2023 - "IGF1 synthesis after CO2 fractional laser resurfacing (FLR): New insights in the treatment of scalp actinic keratoses." 11/01/2021 - "Laser Resurfacing Monotherapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis." 01/01/2020 - "Single Ablative Fractional Resurfacing Laser Treatment For Forearm Actinic Keratoses: 6-Month Follow-Up Data From An Intrapatient Comparison Between Treated and Untreated Sites." 01/01/2019 - "Performed in large skin areas with actinic keratoses (AKs) and photodamage, this blinded, randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of dPDT after tailored skin pretreatment using ablative fractional laser (AFL) or microdermabrasion (MD). "
4.	Cryosurgery 04/01/2005 - "Cryosurgery is beneficial in the treatment of actinic keratoses. " 09/01/2004 - "Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses. " 03/01/2017 - "Variables in Cryosurgery Technique Associated With Clearance of Actinic Keratosis." 09/01/2004 - "To determine prospectively the true efficacy of cryosurgery as a treatment for actinic keratoses in everyday dermatologic practice. " 08/01/2014 - "We aimed to study the effectiveness of two consecutive sessions of cryosurgery for actinic keratosis and investigate factors associated with its therapeutic success. "
5.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 01/01/2022 - "The frequency of cryotherapy for clinical remission of actinic keratosis correlated with the extent of keratinocytic atypia." 01/01/2023 - "Controlled Single Freezing Cryotherapy for Mild Facial Actinic Keratosis." 01/01/2022 - "Cryotherapy for Actinic Keratosis: Basic Principles and Literature Review." 11/01/2020 - "Reflectance confocal microscopy in actinic keratosis-Comparison of efficacy between cryotherapy protocols." 01/01/2020 - "Residual actinic keratoses were treated with cryotherapy."