Tracheomalacia

A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the TRACHEA. This results in a floppy tracheal wall making patency difficult to maintain. It is characterized by wheezing and difficult breathing.

Also Known As:

Networked: 371 relevant articles (23 outcomes, 28 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Bronchomalacia
2.	Tracheal Stenosis
3.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
4.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
5.	Cartilage Fractures

Experts

1.	Hysinger, Erik B: 4 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
2.	Nishijima, Eiji: 4 articles (06/2012 - 12/2003)
3.	Bates, Alister J: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
4.	Fain, Sean B: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
5.	Fleck, Robert J: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
6.	Hahn, Andrew D: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
7.	Higano, Nara S: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
8.	Woods, Jason C: 3 articles (12/2021 - 01/2019)
9.	Dai, Wenkui: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2016)
10.	Feng, Xin: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tracheomalacia:

1.	SuspensionsIBA 06/15/2000 - "Thus, infants and children with severe tracheomalacia associated with severe respiratory symptoms, can be relieved by bronchoscopic guided suspension of the aortic arch to the sternum." 06/01/2015 - "This study describes 7 patients who underwent controlled trachea suspension as a surgical intervention to prevent severe tracheomalacia and provide potent relief of airway symptoms. " 11/01/2021 - "Aortopexy including innominate artery suspension is a well-established treatment of anterior vascular compression and associated tracheomalacia. " 01/25/2019 - "Tracheal suspension with autogenous rib cartilage in a patient with severe tracheomalacia." 11/01/2016 - "The major methods are used to fix or stabilize the central airways and major bronchi with either anterior suspension and/or posterior fixation for severe tracheomalacia (TM). "
2.	Stanozolol (Winstrol)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of stanozolol in the treatment of tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs, which is the analogous disease to tracheomalacia (TM) in humans. "
3.	MetalsIBA 05/01/1995 - "Four patients afflicted of cervical and thoracic tracheomalacia have been treated with self-expandable and elastic metal prosthesis. " 01/01/1994 - "The implantation of self-expanding metal stents type "wallstent" seems to offer alternative possibilities for the treatment of tracheomalacia." 01/01/1994 - "[Fine mesh metal endoprostheses for treatment of extensive cervical and intrathoracic tracheomalacia]." 07/01/1993 - "[The implantation of elastic metal endoprostheses in tracheal stenosis and tracheomalacia. " 01/01/1993 - "The implantation of metal-mesh stents is an adequate alternative in the treatment of malignant stenosis and tracheomalacia."
4.	Pyridostigmine Bromide (Pyridostigmine)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1991 - "A 14-day course of pyridostigmine did not elicit any clinical improvement in the elder sibling, in whom tracheomalacia was diagnosed by chest fluoroscopy and bronchoscopy. "
5.	Fibroins (Fibroin)IBA 01/01/2019 - "The objective of this pilot study is to assess the safety and efficacy of silk fibroin-based splints in a clinically relevant preclinical model of tracheomalacia. " 01/01/2019 - "This pilot study indicates that silk fibroin splints are well tolerated and efficacious in a rabbit model of severe tracheomalacia, with marked reduction in airway collapse following implantation and good tolerability over the studied time course. "
6.	SiliconesIBA 10/01/2012 - "External tracheal stabilization technique for acquired tracheomalacia using a tailored silicone tube." 09/01/1996 - "We present 5 patients with tracheostenosis or tracheomalacia managed with nine procedures of long silicone Montgomery T-tube prothesis between 1984 and 1994 in VGH-Taipei. " 09/01/1996 - "Use of the silicone tracheal T-tube for tracheostenosis or tracheomalacia." 06/01/2014 - "Therefore, we report a case of diffused PTA with tracheomalacia causing severe cartilage destruction, which is being successfully managed with bronchoscopic interventions and silicone stent placements. " 04/01/1995 - "[The use of a silicone T tube for the treatment of a case of American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with tracheomalacia]."
7.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 05/01/2010 - "The study group consisted of 15 consecutively registered pediatric patients (younger than 18 years) who had tracheomalacia, defined as 50% or greater reduction in tracheal cross-sectional luminal area between end inspiration and end expiration, diagnosed with MDCT and confirmed with bronchoscopy. " 01/01/2009 - "Overall, 10.5% of men and 17.1% of women showed evidence of tracheomalacia on the basis of the criterion of a reduction of 50% or greater in cross-sectional tracheal luminal area at end-expiration. " 10/12/1998 - "The marked luminal narrowing, tracheomalacia, and temporal proximity of extubation to demise support tracheal collapse as a major contributor to the death in AO1. " 01/01/2022 - "The bronchoscopy videos were reviewed in a blinded manner for: (a) any tracheomalacia (any shape deformity of the trachea at end-expiration) and (b) tracheomalacia defined by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement (>50% expiratory reduction in the cross-sectional luminal area). " 10/01/2009 - "In four patients, the percentages of luminal narrowing were 63.4% and 51.2%, respectively for tracheomalacia and 59.2% and 62.0%, respectively, for bronchomalacia. "
8.	Polypropylenes (Polypropylene)IBA 10/01/1990 - "We first made models of tracheomalacia by making fractures or resections in intrathoracic tracheal cartilages and then made an external fixation of Marlex mesh on the malacic segments of the trachea. " 11/01/1996 - "The authors describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who had a Marlex mesh splint placed because of life-threatening primary tracheomalacia at 6 months of age. " 11/01/1996 - "Intratracheal granuloma formation: a late complication of Marlex mesh splinting for tracheomalacia." 01/01/2020 - "We present a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome managed like patients with tracheomalacia of other aetiologies-a tracheobronchoplasty with a reconstructed D-shaped trachea and stabilization of the posterior membranous wall by attaching a polypropylene mesh to the posterior membranous wall of the trachea and the main bronchi after a trial period with a tracheobronchial Y-shaped silicone stent." 10/01/1982 - "A silastic reinforced marlex mesh splint was inserted surgically to support a collapsing airway in 3 children with tracheomalacia and 1 with bronchomalacia. "
9.	HydrogelsIBA 07/21/2023 - "This study may open the possibility of using an adhesive hydrogel as a new approach in the difficult clinical situation of tracheomalacia." 11/01/2023 - "To evaluate its potential for clinical applications, we used PEG-NHS based hydrogels to address tracheomalacia, a condition characterized by inadequate mechanical support of the airway due to weak/malacic cartilage rings. " 07/21/2023 - "Wet adhesive hydrogels to correct malacic trachea (tracheomalacia) A proof of concept."
10.	Ribosomal DNA (rDNA)IBA 01/01/2018 - "In this study, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from PBB infants and tracheomalacia (TM) infants younger than 3 years old under the instruction of Shenzhen Children's Hospital, and 12 samples were randomly selected for 16S rDNA analysis in each group. " 06/01/2016 - "We performed 16S rDNA analysis on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for 32 children with tracheomalacia (C group), pneumonia infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Tracheostomy 08/01/2023 - "Factors associated with improved survival were younger age at the time of tracheostomy and presence of tracheomalacia. " 10/01/1998 - "Another child with tracheomalacia related to innominate-artery compression and who presented with 'dying episodes' was completely relieved and resumed a normal life without a tracheostomy following insertion of four grafts to the intrathoracic trachea. " 01/01/1996 - "In the ITS group three patients died, two required Montgomery tracheostomy tubes for tracheomalacia, seven are receiving regular ELT and six are disease free at the time of writing. " 04/01/2018 - "Through these case reports, we note the results of ALS patients who will have tracheostomy, and who are therefore at risk of sustaining a long term high cuff pressure, this study provides an evaluation for tracheomalacia and therapeutic management which should be considered for improving patient care outcomes." 08/01/2023 - "Age ≤6 months at the time of tracheostomy placement (p = .03), and the presence of tracheomalacia (p = .04) were factors significantly associated with 5-year survival. "
2.	Stents 04/01/1996 - "A wire stent was used successfully to treat life-threatening tracheomalacia in a 5-year-old girl. " 01/01/2013 - "Aortopexy and Stents are effective in relieving tracheomalacia in the latter patients. " 08/01/2021 - "This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a PDO stent in normal and tracheomalacia-model rabbits. " 11/15/2022 - "A New Removable Helical Metallic Stent for the Treatment of Tracheomalacia in Children: Study in Pathological Animal Model." 08/01/2021 - "Placement of the PDO stent prolonged survival in tracheomalacia-model rabbits."
3.	Therapeutics 01/01/2013 - "OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of medical and surgical therapies for children with intrinsic (primary) tracheomalacia. " 10/17/2012 - "To evaluate the efficacy of medical and surgical therapies for children with intrinsic (primary) tracheomalacia. " 10/19/2005 - "To evaluate the efficacy of medical and surgical therapies for children with intrinsic (primary) tracheomalacia. " 01/01/2019 - "This study will help to understand the microbial etiology of tracheomalacia, AVP, and MPP and to identify effective therapies for these diseases." 01/01/2013 - "Selection criteria All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapies related to symptoms associated with primary or intrinsic tracheomalacia. "
4.	Splints (Splint) 01/01/2017 - "We demonstrate the potential for an ex vivo tracheomalacia model to reproduce airway collapse and show that this collapse can be treated successfully with a 3D-printed external splint. " 01/01/2018 - "We here explore the use of extraluminal biodegradable splints in an animal model of long-segment anterior tracheomalacia (TM). " 03/01/2017 - "Three-dimensional printing of external airway splints for tracheomalacia." 03/01/2017 - "This observation reports the use of an external airway splint to treat tracheomalacia in a pediatric patient. " 03/01/2017 - "External airway splint to treat tracheomalacia following laryngotracheal reconstruction."
5.	Thyroidectomy 01/01/2020 - "We did not find any cases of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy in our study population. " 09/01/2011 - "In the present study we describe the use of NPPV in the management of respiratory distress in patients with post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia. " 07/01/2021 - "However, the occurrence of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy in cases of large goitre is possible and hence worrisome." 07/01/2021 - "Tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy is not well understood. " 01/01/2020 - "Demographic characteristics including the age and sex of patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2007 and 2017 and also the incidence of tracheomalacia after surgery were recorded. "