Chloracne

ACNE-like skin eruptions caused by exposure to CHLORINE-containing compounds. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or through the skin. Chloracne is often seen in people who have occupational contact with chlorinated pesticides, wood preservatives, and sealants.

Also Known As:

Networked: 188 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Hamartoma
3.	Porphyrias (Porphyria)
4.	Thyroid Diseases (Thyroid Disease)
5.	Infertility (Sterility)

Experts

1.	Bock, Karl Walter: 6 articles (06/2017 - 05/2005)
2.	Sutter, Thomas R: 5 articles (08/2021 - 03/2009)
3.	Sorg, Olivier: 5 articles (01/2015 - 01/2012)
4.	Sutter, Carrie Hayes: 4 articles (08/2021 - 03/2009)
5.	Furue, Masutaka: 4 articles (01/2021 - 07/2018)
6.	Tsuji, Gaku: 4 articles (01/2021 - 07/2018)
7.	Bodreddigari, Sridevi: 4 articles (03/2013 - 03/2009)
8.	Kaya, G: 3 articles (07/2021 - 08/2018)
9.	Sorg, O: 3 articles (07/2021 - 08/2018)
10.	Saurat, Jean-Hilaire: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chloracne:

1.	Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (TCDD)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Mechanistic studies showed that the TCDD-induced chloracne-like phenotype depends on AhR activation whereas AhR knock down did not appear sufficient to induce the phenotype." 01/05/2007 - "The first included high-exposed study subjects compared with individuals with background TCDD levels (average plasma levels 99.4 and 6.7ppt, respectively); the second compared subjects who developed chloracne after the accident, and those who did not develop this disease. " 01/01/1993 - "This study examines mortality rates for 754 employees at a chemical plant after an accident in 1949 in which 122 workers developed chloracne from high exposure to TCDD. " 02/01/1992 - "A group of 186 children who contracted chloracne, a reversible marker of TCDD intoxication, shortly after the accident were in the study: none of them died during the observation period. " 09/01/1988 - "This limit provides an ample margin of safety to prevent chloracne following repeated, acute exposure, and it addresses those chronic effects of TCDD observed in animal studies as well as those observed after accidental human exposure. "
2.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)IBA 01/01/1984 - "Although mean triglyceride values were higher in those with chloracne, the difference was not statistically significant. " 04/01/2000 - "Of the many non-cancer health effects thought to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure, only chloracne, elevations in GGT and triglyceride levels, and alterations in FSH and LH were related to serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. " 05/01/1984 - "Ten years after an incident in which workers were exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) a controlled biochemical study showed statistically significant increases in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of workers both with and without chloracne. "
3.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/1984 - "No differences were found between those with and without chloracne in serum cholesterol, total urinary porphyrins, or in reproductive outcome." 05/01/1984 - "Ten years after an incident in which workers were exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) a controlled biochemical study showed statistically significant increases in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of workers both with and without chloracne. " 05/01/1986 - "Workers were examined for chloracne and blood concentrations of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were determined. "
4.	Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)IBA 08/01/1992 - "A serum test for polychlorinated biphenyl was negative, which eliminated a diagnosis of chloracne. " 01/01/1987 - "Data on environmental contamination, workers' PCBs intake, and health effects (chloracne) were available, which documented the general exposure conditions in the plant. " 02/01/1981 - "All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with PCBs, and no definite association was found between chloracne and blood PCB concentrations. " 05/01/2006 - "Skin disorder such as chloracne, abnormal nail, hyperkeratosis and skin allergy were found in PCBs/PCDFs exposed group. " 09/01/1999 - "Chloracne, goiter, arthritis, and anemia after polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: 14-year follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng cohort."
5.	Prilocaine (Citanest)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
6.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
7.	DioxinsIBA 03/25/2011 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of EGFR, MAPK, CK17, and TGk in the pathogenesis of chloracne related to dioxin exposures. " 11/09/2009 - "The chloracne-like lesions were not clinically evident; therefore, our study highlights the need for careful examination of the skin in order to identify subtle lesions consistent with chloracne-like changes in rodents exposed to dioxin and DLCs. " 08/01/2005 - "Handling of dioxin measurement data in the presence of non-detectable values: overview of available methods and their application in the Seveso chloracne study." 05/01/1991 - "In those studies that have reported associations between exposure and disease, no chloracne was reported, and there are no measurements of higher-than-background levels of dioxin in the people who are classified as exposed." 01/01/2022 - "Chloracne appears to modulate the association between dioxin exposure and increased frequency of t(14;18) translocations."
8.	LipidsIBA 10/01/1999 - "In chronic exposure it is not known what level of intoxication, represented by the level in blood lipids, is sufficient to cause chloracne. " 08/01/1981 - "Further investigation by thin layer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the lipids of the chloracne lesions in these children were exclusively epidermal in origin. " 07/01/1994 - "A retrospective cohort morbidity study of 158 men first exposed to TCDD between 17 November 1953 and 16 November 1954 subdivided by chloracne state and back calculated TCDD blood lipid concentration, and 161 referents. " 09/01/2000 - "No correlation was found between chloracne status in 1965 to 1967 and TCDD or toxic equivalent blood lipid concentrations in 1992. " 10/09/1999 - "Two patients with chloracne had concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) of 144,000 and 26,000 pg/g blood lipids. "
9.	OilsIBA 05/01/1982 - "Ten years after an incident following which 79 workers developed chloracne due to exposure to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin a study was undertaken to establish the current state of health of the affected employees remaining in the company's (Coalite Oils and Chemicals Ltd, a subsidiary company of Coalite Group Ltd) employment. " 01/01/2012 - "Exogenous acne refers to acneiform lesions due to external factors such as cosmetic agents, exposure to various oils, skin rubbing or friction or chloracne, now better called metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartoma (MADISH). "
10.	PoisonsIBA 01/01/2014 - "The study provides novel molecular insights into poison-induced chloracne and metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartomas or MADISH. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2021 - "Six cases of chloracne in Italy: the success of combined therapy." 03/25/2011 - "Although its clinical features are clearly described, poor understanding of the molecular pathways of dioxin-induced chloracne hampers a rational approach to therapy. " 08/01/1971 - "Which practical way can be recommended in vitamin A acid therapy of chlorine acne?]." 08/01/1971 - "[Vitamin A acid therapy in chlorine acne. " 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
2.	Cautery 03/01/1993 - "Light cautery and EMLA in the treatment of chloracne lesions." 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
3.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo) 07/13/2018 - "The cinnamaldehyde-containing Kampo herbal medicine Keishibukuryogan is capable of improving chloracne in Yusho patients who are highly contaminated with dioxin. "
4.	Ligation 12/03/2019 - "Ligation of AHR by dioxins induces exaggerated acceleration of epidermal terminal differentiation (keratinization) and converts sebocytes toward keratinocyte differentiation, which results in chloracne formation. "