Ventricular Flutter

A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia characterized by an extremely rapid, hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (150-300 beats/min) with a large oscillating sine-wave appearance. If untreated, ventricular flutter typically progresses to VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION.

Also Known As:

Networked: 71 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ventricular Fibrillation
2.	Ventricular Tachycardia
3.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)
4.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
5.	Ventricular Premature Complexes (Premature Ventricular Contraction)

Experts

1.	Trappe, Hans-Joachim: 3 articles (09/2016 - 05/2003)
2.	Aryana, Arash: 1 article (01/2022)
3.	Bowers, Mark R: 1 article (01/2022)
4.	Gandhavadi, Maheer: 1 article (01/2022)
5.	O'Neill, Padraig Gearoid: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Sarcon, Anna: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	d'Avila, André: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Albrecht, Ines: 1 article (12/2021)
9.	Atmowihardjo, Iskandar: 1 article (12/2021)
10.	Habedank, Dirk: 1 article (12/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ventricular Flutter:

1.	Quinidine (Chinidin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1983 - "Spontaneous ventricular flutter and fibrillation during quinidine medication." 10/01/1976 - "The mechanism of development of ventricular flutter and fibrillation in patients taking quinidine may be similar to that in patients with the Q-T prolongation syndrome." 10/01/1976 - "Three cases are described with documented ventricular flutter and fibrillation during quinidine medication without concomitant digitalis therapy. " 10/01/1976 - "Quinidine-induced ventricular flutter and fibrillation without digitalis therapy." 10/01/1962 - "[Ventricular flutter following quinidine treatment in hyperthyroid subjects. "
2.	Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsIBA 03/15/1989 - "Documented recurrence of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular flutter occurred in three patients, but in only one patient receiving antiarrhythmic drugs. " 02/27/1977 - "[Ventricular flutter and complete atrio-ventricular block associated with Adams-Stokes syndrome, treated with antiarrhythmia agents and artificial pacemaker]." 10/01/1988 - "The baseline arrhythmia induced (in the absence of all antiarrhythmic drugs) was monomorphic tachycardia with a cycle length greater than 200 ms in 81 patients and ventricular flutter or fibrillation in the remaining 25 patients. " 05/01/1982 - "In one seriously ill patient who had received multiple antiarrhythmic drugs and required balloon counterpulsation for hemodynamic support, on a single occasion each a synchronized transvenous shock and a synchronized conventional transthoracic shock produced ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation (VF), respectively. " 01/01/1988 - "Severity and frequency of the rhythm disorder play, of course, a major role, e.g., monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular premature complexes (VPC), rare or frequent VPC, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter or fibrillation, torsade de pointes, and tachycardia, etc. The therapeutic approach with antiarrhythmic drugs or cardiac pacemakers in cases of conduction disturbances have an additional impact on cardiac performance. "
3.	Ouabain (G Strophanthin)IBA 05/01/1990 - "The threshold dose of ouabain necessary to induce ventricular flutter was increased from 89 micrograms/kg to 129 micrograms/kg and the threshold dose of ventricular fibrillation was enhanced from 101 micrograms/kg to 137 micrograms/kg. In dependence on the pathophysiological conditions, different mediators seem to be involved in the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. " 10/01/1987 - "Platelet-activating factor (PAF) in a concentration of 10(-11) mole per animal decreased the threshold doses for onsets of arrhythmia, ventricular flutters and fibrillation in ouabain induced arrhythmia in guinea-pigs in a statistically significant manner. " 07/01/1987 - "The endogenous level of total cholesterol did not influence the thresholds for ventricular flutter or ventricular fibrillation in aconitine-induced arrhythmia in rats or in ouabain-induced arrhythmia in guinea pigs." 01/01/1991 - "Propranolol and iloprost caused a statistically significant and comparable increase of the threshold dose of ouabain for the onset of arrhythmia (OA), the occurrence of premature ventricular beats (PVB), ventricular flutter (VF) and ventricular fibrillation (FIB). "
4.	Adenosine (Adenocard)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2003 - "Adenosine-induced ventricular flutter?" 12/13/1993 - "Approximately 20 seconds after adenosine infusion into a vein in the patient's right arm, a 2.2-second pause developed, followed by ventricular flutter and then fibrillation. " 03/01/2001 - "Adenosine showed a dose-dependent prolongation of the peak to peak interval of the ventricular ECG signal during ventricular fibrillation until ventricular flutter or tachycardia occurred at a concentration of 2 mmol/L. " 03/01/2002 - "Adenosine-induced ventricular flutter in an ethanol-intoxicated patient."
5.	Procainamide (Procan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1965 - "[A CASE OF VENTRICULAR FLUTTER WITH SYNCOPAL PICTURE APPEARING DURING INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF PROCAINE AMIDE, WITH SUCCESSIVE RENEWAL OF SINUS RHYTHM]." 01/01/1953 - "[Ventricular flutter in myocardial infarct treated with procaine amide pronestyl]." 02/01/1955 - "Quinidine-induced ventricular flutter successfully treated with procaine amide."
6.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1983 - "Lidocaine (10 mg/kg i.v. + 5 mg X kg-1 X h-1) reduced the incidence of ventricular flutter and fibrillation. " 01/15/1970 - "A case of ventricular flutter-fibrillation presumably provoked by lidocaine]." 06/01/1992 - "On the third day, while being weaned from lidocaine, the patient had ventricular flutter and required cardioversion. "
7.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1983 - "Ventricular flutter during treatment with amiodarone." 04/01/2013 - "[Treatment of ventricular flutter associated with fulminant myocarditis by electrical defibrillation combined with amiodarone in a child]." 01/01/1980 - "Episodes of ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation and self-terminating ventricular tachyarrhythmia (torsade de pointes) developed on the 28th day of amiodarone therapy. "
8.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1989 - "The response to propranolol was compared in 13 patients who had only stable monomorphic VTs inducible at baseline and another 11 patients who had greater than or equal to 1 episode of electrically unstable VTs (polymorphic VT, ventricular flutter or ventricular fibrillation) at baseline. " 01/01/1991 - "Propranolol and iloprost caused a statistically significant and comparable increase of the threshold dose of ouabain for the onset of arrhythmia (OA), the occurrence of premature ventricular beats (PVB), ventricular flutter (VF) and ventricular fibrillation (FIB). "
9.	Disopyramide (Norpace)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1998 - "However, 8 hours after taking the disopyramide he became hypotensive again and electrocardiographic findings revealed bizarre ventricular complexes resulting in ventricular flutter. " 09/01/1978 - "It is postulated that disopyramide, like quinidine, may provoke ventricular flutter-fibrillation in sensitive patients by similar mechanisms."
10.	Ajmaline (Wolfina)FDA Link 08/20/1979 - "[Ventricular flutter following intravenous injection of ajmaline (Gilurytmal)]." 04/01/1975 - "NPA is much more effective than ajmaline regarding inhibition of extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular flutter due to aconitine infusion in the rat. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Electric Countershock (Cardioversion) 11/01/2009 - "We present the case of a 51-year-old patient brought to our emergency department after an episode of symptomatic ventricular flutter requiring electrical cardioversion. " 07/01/1988 - "During the mechanical pacing only in 2 patients there occurred ventricular flutter or fibrillation, which was stopped by electric defibrillation. " 10/01/1993 - "Patients in the study population were subdivided into 3 groups: Group I (n = 17) inducible SVT; Group II (n = 72) no inducible arrhythmias; Group III (n = 29) induction of sustained ventricular flutter or primary ventricular fibrillation requiring immediate cardioversion. " 11/01/1983 - "Four patients had ventricular flutter (rate greater than 250/min) that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation in each case; only one of these four patients survived after cardioversion. " 04/01/1981 - "Six patients had a single episode and two patients had multiple episodes of ventricular tachycardia; in one patient ventricular tachycardia degenerated into ventricular flutter necessitating direct-current cardioversion. "
2.	Therapeutics 09/29/1960 - "[On novocamide therapy of ventricular flutter]." 03/12/1980 - "[Therapy of mitral valve prolapse with ventricular flutter]." 06/14/2011 - "The risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for VTA (including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular flutter) was compared between high- and low-echocardiographic responders to CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy (defined as ≥ 25% and <25% reductions, respectively, in left ventricular end-systolic volume [LVESV] at 1 year compared with baseline) and ICD-only patients enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). " 10/01/1976 - "Three cases are described with documented ventricular flutter and fibrillation during quinidine medication without concomitant digitalis therapy. " 10/01/1976 - "Quinidine-induced ventricular flutter and fibrillation without digitalis therapy."
3.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 01/01/2002 - "The concept of a fully automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system for recognition and treatment of ventricular flutter/fibrillation was first suggested in 1970. " 03/01/1995 - "After induction of general anesthesia and insertion of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads (when needed), ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, or ventricular tachycardia, was induced by means of programmed electrical stimulation. " 09/01/2006 - "In patients with syncopal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, or aborted sudden death, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is indicated. " 05/01/2003 - "In patients with syncopal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter or aborted sudden death, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is indicated. " 06/14/2011 - "The risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for VTA (including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular flutter) was compared between high- and low-echocardiographic responders to CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy (defined as ≥ 25% and <25% reductions, respectively, in left ventricular end-systolic volume [LVESV] at 1 year compared with baseline) and ICD-only patients enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). "
4.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 10/01/1989 - "The indications for the combined use of the two systems were the possibility to control: a) the ventricular tachycardias with ventricular programmed stimulation; b) the arrhythmias which might eventually degenerate into ventricular flutter or fibrillation (as a result of anti-tachycardia pacing) with the defibrillator. " 06/14/2011 - "The risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for VTA (including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular flutter) was compared between high- and low-echocardiographic responders to CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy (defined as ≥ 25% and <25% reductions, respectively, in left ventricular end-systolic volume [LVESV] at 1 year compared with baseline) and ICD-only patients enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). " 12/01/2008 - "We noted the following complications and events during a follow-up of an average of 147 +/- 80 days (range 68-326) after CCM: intraoperative ventricular flutter needing cardioversion (n = 1), atrial lead dislocation (n = 1), coronary sinus (CS) lead dislocation (n = 1), painful stimulation requiring repositioning of septal leads (n = 1), true defibrillator shocks (n = 3), cardiac decompensations (n = 3), atrial fibrillation (n = 4), renal failure (n = 1), and pneumonia (n = 2). "
5.	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 06/14/2011 - "The risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for VTA (including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular flutter) was compared between high- and low-echocardiographic responders to CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy (defined as ≥ 25% and <25% reductions, respectively, in left ventricular end-systolic volume [LVESV] at 1 year compared with baseline) and ICD-only patients enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). "