Patent Foramen Ovale

A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1207 relevant articles (52 outcomes, 165 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Ischemic Stroke
3.	Atrial Heart Septal Defects (Atrial Septal Defect)
4.	Paradoxical Embolism
5.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)

Experts

1.	Meier, Bernhard: 25 articles (01/2021 - 07/2006)
2.	Rigatelli, Gianluca: 19 articles (06/2020 - 02/2003)
3.	Thaler, David E: 12 articles (10/2018 - 11/2008)
4.	Windecker, Stephan: 11 articles (01/2021 - 06/2004)
5.	Homma, Shunichi: 11 articles (08/2016 - 06/2002)
6.	Kasner, Scott E: 10 articles (12/2021 - 01/2011)
7.	Mattle, Heinrich P: 10 articles (12/2018 - 10/2008)
8.	Cardaioli, Paolo: 10 articles (01/2012 - 08/2007)
9.	Sacco, Ralph L: 9 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)
10.	Carroll, John D: 9 articles (01/2019 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Patent Foramen Ovale:

1.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2020 - "Aspirin or anticoagulation after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 04/01/2003 - "Device closure of cardiac abnormalities increases in the absence of any trial data, and in spite of a low subsequent stroke risk for young patients with isolated patent foramen ovale treated with aspirin." 02/01/2012 - "Aspirin is recommended in stroke patients with a patent foramen ovale and indications of closure should be individualized. " 11/01/2009 - "Aspirin is the recommended treatment in stroke patients with a patent foramen ovale." 12/13/2001 - "Patients with both patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm who have had a stroke constitute a subgroup at substantial risk for recurrent stroke, and preventive strategies other than aspirin should be considered."
2.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2003 - "Large left atrial thrombus formation despite warfarin therapy after device closure of a patent foramen ovale." 11/01/2007 - "Herein we describe a young Hispanic woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple tricuspid valvular vegetations who developed splenic and cerebral infarctions while on optimal anticoagulation therapy with warfarin in the setting of a newly diagnosed patent foramen ovale. " 04/01/1998 - "Warfarin anticoagulation appears beneficial in patients with mitral stenosis, left atrial thrombus, left ventricular thrombus, and left ventricular dysfunction, but is of unproven benefit for patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or in the absence of a risk-associated abnormality. " 01/01/2003 - "Other, less well established possible indications for warfarin in the secondary prevention of stroke are symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis, large aortic atheroma, extracranial carotid or vertebral artery dissection and patent foramen ovale." 04/01/2010 - "Acetylsalicylic acid and warfarin reduce this risk to the same level as in patients without patent foramen ovale. "
3.	AnticoagulantsIBA 07/01/2007 - "Given that major differences do not appear to exist in this exploratory study between the anticoagulants studied, patent foramen ovale closure is currently being performed in our laboratory with UFH." 01/01/2023 - "Oral anticoagulants have an important role in these situations, but also other treatments such as closure of patent foramen ovale, may be useful. " 07/06/2020 - "Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure: A Call for Caution." 09/01/2014 - "DY (detection of CSE) and TI (introduction of oral anticoagulant, closure of patent foramen ovale and targeted cardiologic consultation) were systematically evaluated. " 06/01/2008 - "A patent foramen ovale (PFO) was detected and anticoagulants were given pending PFO closure. "
4.	IceIBA 07/01/2015 - "To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided only (Fluo-G) and of echocardiography-guided (Echo-G; trans-esophageal echocardiography-TEE-or intracardiac echocardiography-ICE) percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). " 12/01/2015 - "Patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) were compared with non-PFO patients to determine diagnostic accuracy of TTE with bubble study versus RHC/ICE. " 05/01/2008 - "Previous studies have shown that mechanical and electronic intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) improves ultrasound monitoring during transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) interventional closure. " 07/01/2022 - "The complementary use of 2D-TTE, 3D-TTE, and ICE allowed detailed characterization of a patent foramen ovale, with evidence of a left-to-right shunt in a dorsocranial to ventrocaudal direction with limited hemodynamic implications. " 05/01/2021 - "In patients with challenging femoral vein anatomy, transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure can be safely and effectively be done through the jugular veins guided by ICE from the arm. "
5.	Clopidogrel (Plavix)FDA Link 10/01/2020 - "The present study aims to determine the potential prophylactic effect of clopidogrel for migraine with patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients who are poor responders to two or more common preventive medications. " 01/01/2021 - "Response to "Comment on 'Clopidogrel can be an effective complementary prophylactic for drug-refractory migraine with patent foramen ovale'"." 01/01/2021 - "Comment on 'Clopidogrel can be an effective complementary prophylactic for drug-refractory migraine with patent foramen ovale'." 10/01/2020 - "Clopidogrel can be an effective complementary prophylactic for drug-refractory migraine with patent foramen ovale." 06/01/2016 - "Antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel and aspirin after interventional patent foramen ovale/ atrium septum defect closure."
6.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 03/01/2014 - "Nitric oxide therapy for post-laparoscopic surgery associated patent foramen ovale: incidence, mechanisms, diagnosis and therapy." 05/01/1994 - "Use of inhaled nitric oxide to reverse flow through a patent foramen ovale during pulmonary embolism." 01/01/2018 - "Our patient's hypoxemia improved with inhaled nitric oxide as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation without requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and eventually a percutaneous closure with a 30 mm CardioSeal patent foramen ovale closure device was accomplished. " 08/01/2003 - "Right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale in right ventricular infarction: improvement of hypoxemia and hemodynamics with inhaled nitric oxide." 09/01/1995 - "Inhaled nitric oxide-induced closure of a patent foramen ovale in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and life-threatening hypoxemia."
7.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 11/09/2023 - "Retinal arterial occlusion and patent foramen ovale: A case study-based review." 09/01/2023 - "A diagnosis of Eales disease was made based on the evolution of retinal findings showing peripheral non-perfusion, vascular sheathing, collateral formation, neovascularization with leakage, absence of additional BRAOs following repair of his patent foramen ovale, and lack of other explanatory conditions. " 07/01/1991 - "We describe a pregnant young woman with branch retinal arteriolar occlusions, encephalopathy, and hearing loss in whom we demonstrated a patent foramen ovale. " 01/01/2010 - "This patient's patent foramen ovale allowed larger talc particles to enter her systemic circulation obstructing several retinal arterioles creating an atypical appearance of talc retinopathy. " 01/01/2010 - "To describe a patient with bilateral retinal arteriolar occlusions secondary to talc in the associated vessels resulting from intravenous drug use and a patent foramen ovale. "
8.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 02/01/2006 - "In 2003, multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions were performed in 24% of cases, with no significant increase during the last 10 years, and ad hoc interventions were performed in the course of diagnostic coronary angiography in 73 % of patients; glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors were used in 30% of procedures; percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction accounted for 16% of all procedures; of the noncoronary interventions recorded, 49 percutaneous mitral valvuloplasties, 37 atrial septal defect closures and 15 patent foramen ovale closures were reported. " 06/15/2003 - "The following issues are reported in detail: (1) significance of statins and statin withdrawal, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker, acute coronary interventions, aspirin and clopidogrel in unstable coronary syndromes, (2) pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension, (3) cardiac regeneration capability after transplantation and myocardial infarction, (4) beta-blocker therapy, efficacy of additional angiotensin receptor blocker therapy and multisite biventricular pacing in symptomatic (advanced) heart failure, (5) prognosis after ablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation, (6) primary prevention with an implantable defibrillator and resumption of driving after implantation, and (7) therapeutic options after cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale."
9.	Angiotensin Receptor AntagonistsIBA 06/15/2003 - "The following issues are reported in detail: (1) significance of statins and statin withdrawal, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker, acute coronary interventions, aspirin and clopidogrel in unstable coronary syndromes, (2) pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension, (3) cardiac regeneration capability after transplantation and myocardial infarction, (4) beta-blocker therapy, efficacy of additional angiotensin receptor blocker therapy and multisite biventricular pacing in symptomatic (advanced) heart failure, (5) prognosis after ablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation, (6) primary prevention with an implantable defibrillator and resumption of driving after implantation, and (7) therapeutic options after cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale."
10.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA 06/15/2003 - "The following issues are reported in detail: (1) significance of statins and statin withdrawal, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker, acute coronary interventions, aspirin and clopidogrel in unstable coronary syndromes, (2) pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension, (3) cardiac regeneration capability after transplantation and myocardial infarction, (4) beta-blocker therapy, efficacy of additional angiotensin receptor blocker therapy and multisite biventricular pacing in symptomatic (advanced) heart failure, (5) prognosis after ablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation, (6) primary prevention with an implantable defibrillator and resumption of driving after implantation, and (7) therapeutic options after cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2021 - "Patent foramen ovale closure (PFO) is an underutilized therapy, and our study explored the challenges and feasibility of PFO closure in the Indian setting. " 08/01/2019 - "Randomized trials for percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) have demonstrated a lower rate of recurrent ischemic events compared with medical therapy. " 10/20/2018 - "Long-term effectiveness and safety of transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale compared with antithrombotic therapy alone: a meta-analysis of six randomised clinical trials and 3,560 patients with reconstructed time-to-event data." 01/01/2018 - "Five studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria and included 3440 patients (1829 for patent foramen ovale closure and 1611 for medical therapy). " 01/01/2018 - "Of 480 studies screened, we included 5 randomized clinical trials in the meta-analysis in which 3440 patients were randomized to patent foramen ovale closure (n = 1829) or medical therapy (n = 1611) and followed for an average of 2.0 to 5.9 years. "
2.	Secondary Prevention 11/01/2013 - "Safety and efficacy of device closure for patent foramen ovale for secondary prevention of neurological events: Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 03/01/2010 - "Secondary prevention studies of transcatheter closure for patent foramen ovale were required to include at least more than 10 patients followed for more than 6 months. " 11/20/2023 - "We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent patent foramen ovale closure for secondary prevention of neurological ischemic events at the University Hospital of Parma between 2006 and 2021. " 03/01/2015 - "The natural history and therapeutic interventions for secondary prevention after a cerebrovascular event in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) are not yet established. " 10/22/2006 - "[Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale, as secondary prevention of cryptogenic cerebral event]."
3.	Septal Occluder Device 06/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the GORE(®) Septal Occluder (GSO) at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up in patients with a clinical indication for patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. " 08/01/2011 - "Transcranial doppler quantification of residual shunt after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure: efficacy of the GORE(®) HELEX septal occluder." 10/01/2009 - "[Efficacy of a domestic left-disk-coated atrial septal occluder on treating patent foramen Ovale in a miniswine model]." 07/01/2013 - "Residual shunt after percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale with AMPLATZER occluder devices - influence of anatomic features: a transcranial Doppler and intracardiac echocardiography study." 03/01/2006 - "To investigate the magnetic resonance safety and magnetic resonance artifact intensities of patent foramen ovale and atrial septal occluders in a phantom study. "
4.	Decompression 01/01/2023 - "In previous studies, the prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been reported to be higher in scuba divers who experienced decompression illness (DCI) than in those who did not. " 04/22/2010 - "The present study explored a possible relationship between a patent foramen ovale and the risk for decompression illness in divers, if there are categories of divers that should be screened for the condition and what advice should be given to divers with this condition. " 09/01/1996 - "Studies in patients with decompression illness after diving suggest a consistent increase in the prevalence of patent foramen ovale, as detected by transthoracic contrast echocardiography. " 11/01/1995 - "Contrast echocardiography during the decompression phase of the Valsalva manoeuvre in course of transesophageal echo study is the ideal method to identify patent foramen ovale. " 06/01/1995 - "Previous studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in divers who have suffered neurologic decompression illness. "
5.	Punctures 09/01/2023 - "The reserved atrial septal puncture area was effective in patent foramen ovale closure and exhibited positive sealing performance and biological compatibility. " 09/01/2023 - "This paper presents findings from an in vivo experimental study of a reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale occluder. " 09/01/2023 - "In vivo study of a reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale occluder." 08/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of device closure with the transseptal puncture and standard technique in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischemic events. " 09/01/2023 - "Trans-septal puncture was feasible and effective after reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale closure."