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Granzymes (Granzyme)

A family of serine endopeptidases found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of LEUKOCYTES such as CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. When secreted into the intercellular space granzymes act to eliminate transformed and virus-infected host cells.

Also Known As:

Granzyme; Granzyme A; Granzyme B; Cytotoxic Serine Protease B; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated 1 Protein; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Proteinase 1; Fragmentin 2; Granzyme C; Granzyme K; Granzyme M; Granzyme-3; Granzyme-Like Protein III; Hanukah Factor; NK-Tryptase-2; Natural Killer Cell Granule Tryptase-2; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated 1 Protein; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Proteinase 1; Granzyme 3; Granzyme Like Protein III; NK Tryptase 2; Natural Killer Cell Granule Tryptase 2

Networked: 667 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 54 trials/studies) for this Bio-Agent, Comments

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Simon, Markus M: 10 articles (04/2009 - 07/2002)
2.	Lieberman, Judy: 8 articles (02/2010 - 04/2002)
3.	Bleackley, R Chris: 8 articles (04/2009 - 06/2003)
4.	Froelich, Christopher J: 7 articles (04/2009 - 10/2002)
5.	Balkow, Sandra: 7 articles (11/2007 - 07/2002)
6.	Trapani, J A: 6 articles (04/2010 - 06/2000)
7.	Ley, Timothy J: 6 articles (03/2010 - 10/2004)
8.	Granville, David J: 6 articles (02/2010 - 05/2003)
9.	Müllbacher, Arno: 6 articles (04/2009 - 01/2003)
10.	Kummer, J Alain: 6 articles (02/2009 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 02/01/2010 - "In addition, the T cells upregulate granzyme B expression and are highly effective in lysing autologous tumor targets. " 01/01/2005 - "However, MC had a significantly greater percentage of CD3, CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B lymphocytes infiltrating the stroma of the tumor. " 11/01/1999 - "The number of tumor infiltrating granzyme B+ cells was significantly greater in TMC and AMC, as compared with the PDC subgroup (82.1+/-64.9, 33.9+/-19.7, and 3.1+/-5.1, respectively). " 01/01/2006 - "The results suggested that, in addition to histological features and routine immunophenotyping, granzyme B expression should be a more reliable marker in correct diagnosis of N-NK/T-L, and genetic analysis of c-kit mutation should be helpful in the diagnosis of this tumor." 05/14/2004 - "These results demonstrate that the chimeric immunoGrB molecule, which is capable of antibody-directed targeting and granzyme B-mediated killing, has therapeutic potential against HER2 tumors, especially in cases in which caspase-dependent apoptosis is inhibited." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Infection 11/01/2007 - "CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the regulated expression of SPI-6 in hepatocytes during viral infection or following noninfectious causes of liver injury protects hepatocytes against excessively vigorous granzyme B-dependent killing but may also delay immune clearance of virally infected hepatocytes." 06/01/2008 - "Therefore, the current study was aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of host cytotoxic responses to MDV infection by investigating the expression of genes in the cell lysis pathway involving granzyme A. " 11/01/1998 - "Elevated granzyme B levels in virus-stimulated PBMC in combination with lower respiratory tract or systemic symptoms in study subjects was a significant predictor of culture-confirmed influenza virus infection compared to those from whom influenza virus could not be identified. " 02/15/2010 - "This suppression resulted in early onset and delayed resolution of herpetic lesions, reduced viral clearance at the site of infection and draining popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs), and impaired functions of HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells in PLNs, including granzyme B and IFN-gamma production and the ability to degranulate. " 11/01/2009 - "This paper provides evidence that influenza virus infection increases the expression of granzyme B (GrB) in monocytes, activated T and B cells. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Graft vs Host Disease (Graft-Versus-Host Disease) 04/01/1997 - "A mutation introduced into the granzyme B locus leads to a severe defect in the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes to induce apoptosis in susceptible target cells, and reduces the severity of class I-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). " 03/04/2010 - "We found that allogeneic mismatch induces the expression of granzyme B in mixed lymphocyte reactions and in a model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). " 03/04/2010 - "We therefore hypothesized that granzyme B may likewise be important for suppression of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). " 03/04/2010 - "Granzyme B is not required for regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of graft-versus-host disease." 01/01/2001 - "Granzyme-B-containing lymphocyte involvement in epidermal injury in graft-versus-host disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Ectromelia (Phocomelia) 06/11/1996 - "Using mice deficient for granzyme A, we show here that granzyme A plays a crucial role in recovery from the natural mouse pathogen, ectromelia, by mechanisms other than cytolytic activity." 01/01/2001 - "Recent studies have demonstrated that granzymes A and B make an important contribution to the clearance of the orthopoxvirus ectromelia, and in graft versus host disease. " 06/11/1996 - "Granzyme A is critical for recovery of mice from infection with the natural cytopathic viral pathogen, ectromelia." 01/01/2009 - "METHODS AND FINDINGS: Here we analysed the physiological relevance of those pro-apoptotic pathways in ectromelia infection, by incubating ectromelia-immune ex vivo Tc cells from granzyme A deficient (GzmB(+) Tc cells) or granzyme A and granzyme B deficient (GzmAxB(-/-) Tc cell) mice with ectromelia-infected target cells. " 11/23/1999 - "In this paper, we show that mice lacking both granzyme A (gzmA) and granzyme B (gzmB), which are, beside perforin, key constituents of cytolytic vesicles, are as incapable as are perforin-deficient mice of controlling primary infections by the natural mouse pathogen ectromelia, a poxvirus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Hepatitis 03/01/2004 - "Expression of Granzyme B in viral hepatitis in patients with ALPS." 08/01/2003 - "In contrast, granzyme B was expressed mainly by activated CD8+ T lymphocytes located in interface hepatitis and portal tracts. " 06/01/2002 - "In situ expression of Granzyme B and Fas-ligand in the liver of viral hepatitis." 01/03/2000 - "Moreover, Valpha14 NKT cells from either perforin knock-out mice or FasL-mutant gld/gld mice fail to induce hepatitis, and hence perforin-granzyme B and FasL appear to be effector molecules in Con A-induced Valpha14 NKT cell-mediated hepatocyte injury." 09/01/2001 - "The finding that development of hepatitis but not viral clearance is dependent on the concomitant activation of FasL-Fas and perforin-granzymes may be helpful in designing novel strategies to prevent hepatic failures during viral infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Perforin
2.	Granzymes (Granzyme)
3.	Serine Proteases (Serine Protease)
4.	Tryptases (Tryptase)
5.	Egtazic Acid (EGTA)
6.	Cisplatin (Platino)
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Chemokine CCL5
9.	Fas Ligand Protein (Fas Ligand)
10.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft)
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
5.	Immunotherapy

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