Soot

A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.

Also Known As:

Networked: 709 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 97 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	de Hoogh, Kees: 13 articles (03/2022 - 11/2014)
2.	Schwartz, Joel: 12 articles (03/2022 - 10/2006)
3.	Hoek, Gerard: 12 articles (01/2022 - 02/2010)
4.	Vogel, Ulla: 12 articles (10/2021 - 04/2009)
5.	Brunekreef, Bert: 11 articles (01/2022 - 02/2010)
6.	Balch, Alan L: 11 articles (10/2016 - 08/2009)
7.	Olmstead, Marilyn M: 11 articles (10/2016 - 08/2009)
8.	Wallin, Håkan: 10 articles (12/2017 - 04/2009)
9.	Koutrakis, Petros: 9 articles (03/2022 - 06/2005)
10.	Chen, Jie: 9 articles (03/2022 - 01/2021)

Related Diseases

1.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 11/01/2019 - "This meta-regression analysis of three large occupational mortality studies reports that historic workplace exposures to carbon black were not associated with a significant risk of lung cancer." 08/15/2018 - "RESULTS The results obtained from this study demonstrated that XRCC1-77TC + CC, XRCC1 399Gln/Gln, COMT 186CT + TT, COMT 158Val/Met genotypes, type of occupation, cooking-oil fumes, and soot exposures were all independent risk factors involved with the occurrence of lung cancer among non-smoking women. " 05/01/2015 - "The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory and risk of lung cancer of rat exposed to PM10 carbon black. " 08/01/2007 - "In follow up to a British study of carbon black production workers [Sorahan et al., 2007] in which risk of lung cancer progressively declined after cessation of employment-in contrast to an expected upward trend-we evaluated the German cohort with a similar methodology, that is, by focusing on the first 15 years after leaving employment in terms of lung cancer SMR. " 08/01/2007 - "A cohort mortality study of a large carbon black production plant in Germany showed an elevation in lung cancer mortality (SMR 1.81 (95% CI: 1.34-2.39)), although the elevation could not be linked to exposure to carbon black. "
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 07/01/2022 - "Stratification of studies according to concurrent inflammation and DNA damage does not indicate that carbon black exposure gives rise to secondary genotoxicity. " 01/01/2018 - "However, the study results are consistent with the mechanism that, at high enough concentrations, carbon black causes inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung leading to mutations, which is a secondary genotoxic mechanism. " 12/01/2014 - "The current study aimed at assessing the associations between black carbon (BC) exposure and markers for airway inflammation and oxidative stress in primary school children in a Western European urban area. " 05/01/2012 - "Residential black carbon exposure and circulating markers of systemic inflammation in elderly males: the normative aging study." 07/01/2022 - "In conclusion, the review indicates that nanosized carbon black is a weak genotoxic agent and this effect is more likely to originate from a primary genotoxic mechanism of action, mediated by e.g., oxidative stress, than inflammation-driven (secondary) genotoxicity."
3.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 10/01/2019 - "TAK1 knock-down in macrophage alleviate lung inflammation induced by black carbon and aged black carbon." 10/01/2018 - "Carbon black exposure did not cause lung inflammation in the exposed females, measured 11 or 28-29 days post-exposure. " 12/15/2015 - "Inhalation of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes pulmonary inflammation; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. " 06/01/2014 - "Inhalation of carbon black nanoparticles aggravates pulmonary inflammation in mice." 09/01/2006 - "We intratracheally administered vehicle, two sizes (14 nm, 56 nm) of carbon black nanoparticles (4 mg/kg) , LPS (2.5 mg/kg) , or LPS plus nanoparticles and evaluated parameters for lung inflammation and coagulation. "
4.	COVID-19 01/01/2021 - "The decrease in the concentration of black carbon and fine particles less than 2.5 μm in size (PM2.5) in the urban atmosphere reflects a decline in economic activity and an improvement in air quality and conditions for maintaining the health of the Moscow population during the COVID-19 pandemic." 07/01/2023 - "We investigated whether exposure to air pollution and accumulated black carbon (BC) particles in blood were associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity, including the risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and duration of hospitalisation. " 07/01/2023 - "Pre-admission ambient air pollution and blood soot particles predict hospitalisation outcomes in COVID-19 patients." 07/01/2023 - "Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on hourly levels of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon at an industrial suburban site in northern Spain." 06/16/2023 - "The possible locations of important sources of black carbon dissemination were projected using PSCF and CWT models, and the results were compared in the two periods before and after the Covid-19 outbreak. "
5.	Fatigue 06/11/2022 - "The use of pyrolysis carbon black decreased fatigue at room temperature and improved the resistance of low-temperature cracking up to -12 °C but gave poor results at -18 °C." 05/01/2010 - "The dynamic mechanical analysis and the morphological studies revealed that the addition of TESPT increased the weight of bound rubbers and provided better dispersion of carbon black, resulting in good mechanical properties such as tear strength and fatigue resistance of the vulcanized EPDM/SBR blends. " 05/06/2021 - "However, for the filled SBR, the carbon black agglomeration around the cracks can greatly delay the generation of the cracks, decrease the fatigue damage, and ultimately improve the fatigue resistance." 05/06/2021 - "The best compressive fatigue resistance for the filled SBR was achieved by the addition of 30 phr carbon black. " 05/01/2019 - "Effect of Temperature on the Tear Fracture and Fatigue Life of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Carbon Monoxide
2.	Sulfates (Sulfates, Inorganic)
3.	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
4.	Smoke
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Carboxyhemoglobin
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Chemokine CCL2 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1)
9.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
10.	Interleukin-1beta (Interleukin 1 beta)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care)
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Microspheres (Microsphere)
4.	Corneal Cross-Linking
5.	Electrodes (Electrode)