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Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)
Also Known As:
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Chronic Kidney Diseases; Chronic Kidney Insufficiency; Chronic Renal Diseases; Chronic Kidney Disease; Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies; Chronic Renal Disease; Chronic Renal Insufficiencies; Disease, Chronic Kidney; Disease, Chronic Renal; Diseases, Chronic Kidney; Diseases, Chronic Renal; Kidney Disease, Chronic; Kidney Diseases, Chronic; Kidney Insufficiencies, Chronic; Renal Disease, Chronic; Renal Diseases, Chronic; Renal Insufficiencies, Chronic; Kidney Insufficiency, Chronic
Networked: 34335 relevant articles (1366 outcomes, 4805 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)
2. Anemia
3. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
4. Heart Failure
5. Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)

Experts

1. Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar: 177 articles (10/2022 - 09/2004)
2. Kovesdy, Csaba P: 134 articles (10/2022 - 04/2006)
3. Stenvinkel, Peter: 130 articles (10/2022 - 10/2003)
4. Massy, Ziad A: 117 articles (04/2022 - 09/2002)
5. Lindholm, Bengt: 107 articles (07/2022 - 10/2003)
6. Fouque, Denis: 106 articles (10/2022 - 06/2001)
7. Coresh, Josef: 104 articles (07/2022 - 01/2003)
8. Cozzolino, Mario: 98 articles (10/2022 - 01/2005)
9. Agarwal, Rajiv: 97 articles (10/2022 - 11/2002)
10. Shlipak, Michael G: 96 articles (04/2022 - 03/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Renal Insufficiency:
1. CreatinineIBA
03/01/2013 - "Laboratories in African should commence routine reporting of eGFR for a number of reasons; 1. The sensitivity of serum creatinine (Scr) in identifying CKD is low.2. In Nigeria, a representative country; screening for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is hardly considered in the routine practice of the primary and secondary care medical officers.3 Studies have shown that routine reporting of eGFR improved the documentation and identification of CKD by almost 50%.4 There is the possibility of reversing CKD if picked earlier.5. The high cost of treating CKD patients in advanced stages and the low per capital income status of the populace in Sub-Saharan Africa.6. Poor health infrastructure to manage advanced CKD patients in the continent.7. Several studies, now show lack of awareness of CKD among non-nephrologists that is related, at least in part, to difficulty in interpreting serum creatinine concentrations (the reciprocal, non-linear relationship between GFR and serum creatinine).8 Mathematical estimates of GFR [ as in eGFR] that incorporate creatinine concentration, as well as factors affecting creatinine production rates, such as size, gender, age and ethnic background, are more sensitive to changes in renal function than serum creatinine value alone.9 Recent guidelines define "action plans" for CKD according to the GFR, including referral to nephrologists at GFRs<30 mL.min(-1).(1.73 m2)."
01/01/2004 - "Regardless of the choice between an ACE or ARB, however, post hoc analysis of clinical trials [21,47] and observational data clearly indicate that patients with chronic kidney disease, even if considered mild (ie, serum creatinine greater than or equal to 1.4 mg/dL) are at significantly greater risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with those with better kidney function. "
01/01/2014 - "The CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) creatinine equation performed better than the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study equation in terms of greater accuracy at P30 (76.1% [95% CI, 72.7%-79.5%] vs 68.0% [95% CI, 64.3%-71.7%]; P < 0.001) and improved precision (IQR, 22.6 [95% CI, 19.9-25.3] vs 28.6 [95% CI, 25.8-31.5] mL/min/1.73 m(2); P < 0.001). "
10/26/2023 - "Creatinine-based European Kidney Function Consortium equation is superior to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for mortality risk stratification in general non-Black population."
05/01/1987 - "Chronic renal insufficiency, defined as a creatinine clearance of less than 0.8 ml/second/1.73 m2 for more than 12 months, was similar in adults (40 percent) and children (34 percent). "
2. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA
3. IronIBA
4. ErythropoietinFDA Link
5. Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric
6. Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA
01/01/2013 - "Therefore, Klotho is a highly promising candidate on the horizon as an early biomarker, and as a novel therapeutic agent for chronic kidney disease."
01/01/2012 - "Klotho is a highly promising candidate on the horizon as an early biomarker, and as a novel therapeutic agent for chronic kidney disease."
09/01/2010 - "The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for the improved management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. "
06/01/2013 - "We review successful and unsuccessful trials in nephrology and other disciplines and suggest a set of principles by which to design future clinical trials:(1) acknowledge heterogeneity of chronic kidney disease populations and appropriately characterize populations for studies; (2) develop better validated biomarkers (through proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics) to identify responders and nonresponders to interventions; (3) design interventions that mimic physiological processes without collateral detrimental effects; (4) reconsider the status of the randomized-controlled trial as the only 'gold standard' and perform large-scale pragmatic trials comparing current care with the intervention(s) of interest, and (5) broaden nephrology research culture so that the majority of patients are enrolled into observational cohorts and intervention studies, which foster greater knowledge acquisition and dissemination. "
12/10/2018 - "Publisher Correction: Novel Urinary Biomarkers For Improved Prediction Of Progressive eGFR Loss In Early Chronic Kidney Disease Stages And In High Risk Individuals Without Chronic Kidney Disease."
7. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA
8. HematinicsIBA
9. Angiotensin Receptor AntagonistsIBA
10. Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Kidney Transplantation
3. Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
4. Transplantation
5. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention