Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. These autonomic features include redness and tearing of the EYE, nasal congestion or discharge, facial SWEATING and other symptoms. Most subgroups show unilateral cranial PAIN.

Also Known As:

Networked: 33 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Headache (Headaches)
2.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
3.	Tension-Type Headache (Tension Headache)
4.	Paroxysmal Hemicrania (Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Broggi, Giovanni: 2 articles (05/2018 - 04/2010)
2.	Franzini, Angelo: 2 articles (05/2018 - 04/2010)
3.	Prakash, Sanjay: 2 articles (04/2018 - 01/2017)
4.	Rozen, Todd D: 2 articles (04/2015 - 06/2005)
5.	Dafer, Rima M: 2 articles (01/2011 - 01/2010)
6.	Jay, Walter M: 2 articles (01/2011 - 01/2010)
7.	Huang, Bing: 1 article (09/2022)
8.	Liu, Xiaolan: 1 article (09/2022)
9.	Ma, Ying: 1 article (09/2022)
10.	Xia, Zhangtian: 1 article (09/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias:

1.	DroperidolFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to describe the use and efficacy of low-dose (≤2 mg) droperidol for the treatment of primary headaches (ie, migraine, cluster, tension-type headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and other primary headaches) in the emergency department (ED). "
2.	Indomethacin (Indometacin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2017 - "Its characteristics and reported response to indomethacin link it most closely to the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs). " 11/01/2023 - "Despite these characteristics, a dramatic response to indometacin, which is not seen in migraine nor the other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias , provides the hallmark of the diagnosis. " 01/01/2022 - "Indomethacin-responsive headaches encompass a group of disorders which include a subset of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and other paroxysmal, often precipitated primary headaches. " 01/01/2011 - "The headache was difficult to include in any particular category given the atypical features, but the characteristics were suggestive of a variant of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia with lack of responsiveness to indomethacin. " 01/01/2022 - "Unlike other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin has been shown to be highly effective in two forms of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania and in some forms of idiopathic stabbing headaches. "
3.	Clomiphene (Clomifene)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2005 - "Clomiphene citrate as a new treatment for SUNCT: hormonal manipulation for hypothalamic-influenced trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias." 02/01/2008 - "Hypothalamic hormonal modulation therapy with clomiphene citrate may become a new preventive choice for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. "
4.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 08/01/2016 - "Regarding other headache entities, such as episodic migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC), neuralgic, neuropathic and myofascial pain, currently available scientific data on the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A are scarce and often ambiguous. "
5.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 05/01/2007 - "The objective of this study is to describe the therapeutic effect and the technical and surgical problems of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus over seven years, for treatment of chronic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and atypical facial pain. "
6.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Orbital myositis mimicking cluster headache is a rare clinical entity, and this is the first description of a case of a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia from orbital myositis responsive to high-flow oxygen. " 12/01/2012 - "Additionally, both sensory and autonomic manifestations were significantly inhibited by highly effective treatments for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, such as oxygen, indomethacin and triptans, and some part of their therapeutic action appears to be specifically on the parasympathetic outflow to the cranial vasculature. "
7.	Tryptamines (Triptans)IBA 12/01/2012 - "Additionally, both sensory and autonomic manifestations were significantly inhibited by highly effective treatments for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, such as oxygen, indomethacin and triptans, and some part of their therapeutic action appears to be specifically on the parasympathetic outflow to the cranial vasculature. "
8.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "We present a patient with treatment refractory short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) who was found to have low levels of serum testosterone supporting the hypothalamic connection to this trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. "
9.	Mexiletine (Mexitil)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2010 - "Intravenous lidocaine and mexiletine in the management of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias." 04/01/2010 - "This article describes the role of intravenous lidocaine and mexiletine in the management of headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias based on the published literature to date and provides practical guidelines for their use."
10.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2023 - "Given that the Red-Ear syndrome shares similar pathophysiological pathways with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, the patient was treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, and since then, he has been symptom-free for 6 months. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 02/01/2017 - "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has been shown to be effective in patients with cluster headache, another trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC), with cranial parasympathetic autonomic activation during the attacks."
2.	Deep Brain Stimulation 05/01/2018 - "Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamic region (pHyr) has been shown to be efficacious for more than a half of patients suffering from trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs); nonetheless, controversies about the mechanisms of action and the actual site of stimulation have arisen in recent years.Areas" 05/01/2018 - "Deep brain stimulation for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias." 04/01/2010 - "Deep brain stimulation in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias." 05/15/2013 - "While functional imaging and deep brain stimulation studies point to a pivotal role of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, the circuitry and the mechanisms underlying the modulation of medullary trigeminovascular (Sp5C) neurons have not been fully identified. " 03/01/2014 - "The PH is a candidate area involved in cluster headaches and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) and is targeted for deep brain stimulation (DBS). "
3.	Therapeutics 10/01/2013 - "Conventional pharmacological therapy can be successful in the majority of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias patients. " 12/01/2012 - "This is the first model to represent the phenotype of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and their response to therapies, and indicates the parasympathetic pathway may be uniquely involved in their pathophysiology and targeted to relieve symptoms." 01/01/2008 - "Update on the therapy of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias." 04/01/2011 - "We propose the term trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia without headache (TAC-H) for autonomic attacks and/or extracephalic pain or sensory symptoms with an attack duration and distribution and/or response to therapy suggesting one of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, but without accompanying headache. " 02/01/2008 - "Hypothalamic hormonal modulation therapy with clomiphene citrate may become a new preventive choice for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. "
4.	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 09/01/2015 - "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)-Induced Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia."
5.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 01/01/2021 - "Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia following Corneal Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature."