Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase

An enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to give prephytoene diphosphate. The prephytoene diphosphate molecule is a precursor for CAROTENOIDS and other tetraterpenes.

Also Known As:

Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase; Geranylgeranyl-Pyrophosphate Synthase; Phytoene Synthetase; Prephytoene-Diphosphate Synthase; Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase; Geranylgeranyltransferase, Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate; Prephytoene Diphosphate Synthase; Pyrophosphate Synthase, Geranylgeranyl; Synthase, Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate; Synthase, Geranylgeranyl-Pyrophosphate; Synthase, Prephytoene-Diphosphate; Synthetase, Phytoene

Networked: 6 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes: 1
- Enzymes: 152586
  - Transferases: 6589
    - Alkyl and Aryl Transferases: 180
      - Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase: 6

Experts

1.	Baek, Minji: 1 article (01/2022)
2.	Ha, Cheol Woong: 1 article (01/2022)
3.	Hahn, Ji-Sook: 1 article (01/2022)
4.	Kim, Jae-Eung: 1 article (01/2022)
5.	Lee, Dongpil: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Lee, Peter: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	Park, Hyemin: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Park, Joo Hyun: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Park, Kwang Hyun: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Park, Seonmi: 1 article (01/2022)

Related Diseases

1.	Complementation Group D1 Fanconi Anemia 01/01/2022 - "Therefore, to produce retinol, we first generated β-carotene-producing strain based on a high-lipid-producer via overexpressing genes including heterologous β-carotene biosynthetic genes, GGS1F43I mutant of endogenous geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase isolated by directed evolution, and FAD1 encoding flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase, while deleting several genes previously known to be beneficial for carotenoid production. "
2.	Multiple Myeloma 08/09/2018 - "Unraveling the Prenylation-Cancer Paradox in Multiple Myeloma with Novel Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GGPPS) Inhibitors." 08/09/2018 - "We have identified a new class of thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonate (ThP-BP) inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS) that block protein prenylation in multiple myeloma (MM) cells leading to cellular apoptosis. " 11/20/2023 - "Discovery and Evaluation of C6-Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine-Based Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, and Colorectal Cancer." 11/20/2023 - "Novel C6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- and C2-substituted purine-based bisphosphonate (C6-PyraP-BP and C2-Pur-BP, respectively) inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS) were designed and evaluated for their ability to block the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. "
3.	T-Cell Lymphoma (Lymphoma, T Cell) 09/01/2021 - ": ARNO: ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide binding site opener; CML: carboxyl methylation; Epac: exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER stress: endoplasmic reticulum stress; FTase: farnesyltransferase; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GDI: GDP dissociation inhibitor; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GGTase: geranylgeranyltransferase; GGpp: geranylgeranylpyrophosphate; GGPPS: geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; HGPRTase: hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; IMPDH: inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; α-KIC: α-ketoisocaproic acid; MPA: mycophenolic acid; MVA: mevalonic acid; NDPK: nucleoside diphosphate kinase; NMPK: nucleoside monophosphate kinase; Nox2: phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase; PAK-I: p21-activated kinase-I; β-PIX: β-Pak-interacting exchange factor; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; Rac1: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Tiam1: T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1; Trx-1: thioredoxin-1; Vav2: vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2."
4.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 11/20/2023 - "Discovery and Evaluation of C6-Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine-Based Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, and Colorectal Cancer." 11/20/2023 - "Novel C6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- and C2-substituted purine-based bisphosphonate (C6-PyraP-BP and C2-Pur-BP, respectively) inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS) were designed and evaluated for their ability to block the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. "
5.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 01/01/2019 - "Here, we investigated whether partial inhibition of this pathway by targeting geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase large subunit 1 (GGPPS1), a catalase downstream of the mevalonate pathway, was effective at treating lung inflammation in ALI. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vitamin A (Retinol)
2.	Lipids
3.	Ligases (Synthetase)
4.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
5.	Carotenoids (Carotene)
6.	Mevalonic Acid (Mevalonate)
7.	Diphosphonates (Bisphosphonates)
8.	p21-Activated Kinases
9.	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav
10.	Farnesyltranstransferase (Farnesyltransferase)