Postpartum Thyroiditis (Thyroiditis, Postpartum)

Transient autoimmune thyroiditis occurring in the POSTPARTUM PERIOD. It is characterized by the presence of high titers of AUTOANTIBODIES against THYROID PEROXIDASE and THYROGLOBULIN. Clinical signs include the triphasic thyroid hormone pattern: beginning with THYROTOXICOSIS, followed with HYPOTHYROIDISM, then return to euthyroid state by 1 year postpartum.

Also Known As:

Thyroiditis, Postpartum; Post-partum Thyroiditis; Post partum Thyroiditis; Post-partum Thyroiditides; Postpartum Thyroiditides; Thyroiditides, Post-partum; Thyroiditides, Postpartum; Thyroiditis, Post-partum

Networked: 138 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 21 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Thyrotoxicosis
2.	Thyroiditis
3.	Hypothyroidism
4.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)
5.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease)

Experts

1.	Shan, Zhongyan: 4 articles (01/2021 - 11/2014)
2.	Teng, Weiping: 4 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)
3.	Li, Yushu: 4 articles (12/2018 - 01/2010)
4.	Krysiak, Robert: 4 articles (04/2017 - 03/2005)
5.	Benvenga, Salvatore: 3 articles (12/2019 - 04/2016)
6.	Le Donne, Maria: 3 articles (12/2019 - 04/2016)
7.	Vita, Roberto: 3 articles (12/2019 - 04/2016)
8.	Pearce, Elizabeth N: 3 articles (01/2019 - 07/2003)
9.	Guan, Haixia: 3 articles (12/2018 - 11/2014)
10.	Okopień, Bogusław: 3 articles (04/2017 - 03/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Postpartum Thyroiditis:

1.	IodidesIBA 07/01/2002 - "In the conditions of the present trial a dose of 50 microg iodide/day is a safe and effective measure in preventing an increase in TV during pregnancy but a dose of 200 microg iodide/day appeared to be more effective without inducing side effects and without enhancing the frequency of post-partum thyroiditis." 04/01/1990 - "In the present study we examined the influence of L-T4 and iodide on autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis. " 10/01/1998 - "Radioactivity after administration of 123I-sodium iodide was measured in breast milk samples obtained from a patient with postpartum thyroiditis. " 06/01/1994 - "We have therefore studied the frequency of iodide organification defects by iodide perchlorate discharge testing, and of thyroid morphological abnormalities by ultrasound scanning in euthyroid women following their episode of post-partum thyroiditis (PPT). " 06/01/1994 - "The iodide perchlorate discharge test in women with previous post-partum thyroiditis: relationship to sonographic appearance and thyroid function."
2.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 01/01/2010 - "To clarify dynamic changes of IgG subtypes of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) during the first postpartum year in Chinese patients diagnosed with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). " 01/01/2010 - "Dynamic changes of IgG subtypes of thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with postpartum thyroiditis." 04/01/1990 - "These results do not support the suggestion that the amount of IgG1 subclass M antibodies particularly determines the course of postpartum thyroiditis. " 04/01/1990 - "IgG subclass distribution and relative functional affinity of thyroid microsomal antibodies in postpartum thyroiditis." 07/01/2004 - "Transient thyrotoxicosis due to postpartum thyroiditis improved without any specific treatment, and elevated serum concentration of LDH decreased to the normal level (395 IU/l) with disappearance of LDH-linked IgG. LDH-linked immunoglobulin may also appear at the postpartum period."
3.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 07/01/2004 - "Here, we report a 28-year-old woman who transiently showed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-linked immunoglobulin during postpartum thyroiditis. " 07/01/2004 - "Transient thyrotoxicosis due to postpartum thyroiditis improved without any specific treatment, and elevated serum concentration of LDH decreased to the normal level (395 IU/l) with disappearance of LDH-linked IgG. LDH-linked immunoglobulin may also appear at the postpartum period." 10/01/1992 - "Anti-microsomal antibody (AMA) activity was inhibited in 14 of 16 sera and in all 12 IgG preparations from patients with postpartum thyroiditis following incubation with F(ab')2 fragments from normal polyspecific immunoglobulin for therapeutic use (ivIg). "
4.	AutoantibodiesIBA 12/01/2019 - "SERENA study demonstrated a beneficial effect of L-Se-Met supplementation on autoantibody titer during pregnancy and on postpartum thyroiditis recurrence." 10/01/1990 - "In a study of postpartum thyroiditis, thyroid function and ultrasonically determined thyroid size were evaluated in 36 thyroid autoantibody positive healthy women during pregnancy and the first postpartum year. " 12/01/2019 - "Measurement of serum thyroperoxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) during gestation as a classical marker for the risk of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) predicts PPT in 1/3 to 1/2 of women. " 11/01/2012 - "Postpartum thyroiditis occurs in 5.4% of all women following pregnancy; moreover, 50% of women who are euthyroid in the first trimester of pregnancy but test positive for thyroid autoantibodies will develop postpartum thyroiditis. " 07/07/2010 - " as an intervention in women with thyroid autoantibodies is promising, particularly in reducing postpartum thyroiditis. "
5.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "The study included 38 non-lactating l-thyroxine-treated women with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) and 21 matched healthy postpartum women. " 04/01/2013 - "The patient was treated with levothyroxine throughout the remainder of her pregnancy, and developed postpartum thyroiditis requiring an increase in levothyroxine dosage. " 11/01/2006 - "Postpartum thyroiditis requiring thyroxine replacement has been reported in 2% to 5% of women. " 05/01/2003 - "After exclusion of patients receiving thyroxine replacement and other medications affecting thyroid function, patients with postpartum thyroiditis, and patients in the intensive care unit, data from 450 patients were analyzed. " 06/01/2015 - "The results of our study suggest the association of vitamin D status with post-partum thyroiditis and L-thyroxine treatment of this disorder."
6.	SeleniumIBA 03/01/2011 - "Selenium supplementation has recently been identified as a potential means to prevent postpartum thyroiditis in women at risk but further studies are required before recommendations for its use can be made. " 05/31/2013 - "This review also showed no difference for pre-eclampsia or preterm birth when selenium was compared with placebo, however a promising reduction in postpartum thyroiditis was shown. " 01/01/2019 - "There is evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials that selenium, probably as selenoproteins, can reduce TPO-antibody concentration, hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis. " 05/31/2013 - " was a non-significant trend towards fewer miscarriages with levothyroxine, and selenium showed some favourable impact on postpartum thyroid function and a decreased incidence of moderate to advanced postpartum thyroiditis. " 07/07/2010 - " was a non-significant trend towards fewer miscarriages with levothyroxine, and selenium showed some favourable impact on postpartum thyroid function and decreased incidence of moderate to advanced postpartum thyroiditis. "
7.	Vitamin D FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "No previous study has investigated vitamin D homeostasis in post-partum thyroiditis. " 01/01/2016 - "The effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in non-lactating women with postpartum thyroiditis." 01/01/2016 - "The effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in non-lactating women with postpartum thyroiditis." 09/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and 3 types of AITD, that is Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). " 01/01/2017 - "Several studies evaluated the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, and this review will focus on the available data of the literature evaluating the association between vitamin D and thyroid function, vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease and post-partum thyroiditis, and vitamin D and thyroid cancer."
8.	IodineIBA 11/01/2005 - "The aim of the present study is to obtain the epidemiological data on post-partum thyroiditis (PPT) firstly in Chinese women, and to tryto evaluate whether excessive intake of iodine in post-partum women imposes any danger of occurring PPT. " 01/01/1989 - "Relative iodine deficiency in France could explain the low frequency of post partum thyroiditis in the present study." 11/01/2005 - "High iodine intake is a risk factor of post-partum thyroiditis: result of a survey from Shenyang, China." 04/01/2003 - "To investigate the prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) in three different iodine intake areas, to explore the relationship between iodine intake and PPT. " 04/01/2003 - "[Prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis in three different iodine intake areas]."
9.	Iodide Peroxidase (Deiodinase)IBA 01/01/2010 - "To clarify dynamic changes of IgG subtypes of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) during the first postpartum year in Chinese patients diagnosed with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). " 01/01/2010 - "Dynamic changes of IgG subtypes of thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with postpartum thyroiditis." 01/01/2000 - "Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity." 01/01/2014 - "Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is a common triphasic autoimmune disease in women with thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibodies. " 01/01/2004 - "Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is an example of autoimmune disease connected with many different factors such as genetic or environmental, but the most important factor is the presence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase. "
10.	Selenoproteins (Selenoprotein)IBA 01/01/2019 - "There is evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials that selenium, probably as selenoproteins, can reduce TPO-antibody concentration, hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis. " 01/01/2017 - "There is evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials that selenium/selenoproteins can reduce thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-antibody titers, hypothyroidism, and postpartum thyroiditis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Tocolysis 05/03/2023 - "Potential contributors varied: smoking (1/3-1/2 of subjects), family history of osteoporosis (1/3), heparin and glucocorticoid use in pregnancy, low body mass index (majority of cases), hypovitaminosis D; and (with a low level of statistical significance) anti-psychotic medication, gestational diabetes, lupus, thrombophilia, anemia, in vitro fertilization (1/3 in one study), twin pregnancy, tocolysis with MgSO4, and postpartum thyroiditis. "
2.	Therapeutics 06/01/2001 - "Primary hyperthyroidism, apart from subacute and postpartum thyroiditis, should be referred for specialist evaluation and definitive therapy. " 04/01/1997 - "RAI therapy is not considered indicated or is contraindicated during breast feeding and in pregnancy, subacute thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, struma ovarii, pituitary (TSH-driven) hyperthyroidism, euthyroid, hyperthyroxinemia, and thyroid hormone resistance. " 12/01/2009 - "AIT may occur as postpartum thyroiditis or as a special entity as consequence of therapy with cytokines." 02/01/1993 - "The titer value can help guide the physician in the care of patients with postpartum thyroiditis whose disease may not be self-limiting and who will probably require thyroid hormone therapy." 04/09/2014 - "previous diagnosis of toxic nodular goitre, Graves' hyperthyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis, Graves' orbitopathy; previous antithyroid drug treatment, radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery; immune-modulatory or other medication affecting thyroid function; pregnancy, planned pregnancy or breastfeeding; allergy towards any intervention or placebo component; intake of selenium supplementation >55 μg/day; inability to read or understand Danish or lack of informed consent. "
3.	Postnatal Care 10/01/2001 - "Postpartum thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis in women of childbearing age: recent insights and consequences for antenatal and postnatal care."
4.	Glycemic Control 09/01/1991 - "After delivery glycemic control deteriorated after delivery with the occurrence of postpartum thyroiditis. "