Mpox (monkeypox)

A viral disease infecting PRIMATES and RODENTS. Its clinical presentation in humans is similar to SMALLPOX including FEVER; HEADACHE; COUGH; and a painful RASH. It is caused by MONKEYPOX VIRUS and is usually transmitted to humans through BITES or via contact with an animal's BLOOD. Interhuman transmission is relatively low (significantly less than smallpox).

Also Known As:

Networked: 819 relevant articles (64 outcomes, 60 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Smallpox (Variola)
2.	Infections
3.	Vaccinia
4.	Cowpox
5.	COVID-19

Experts

1.	Damon, Inger K: 12 articles (07/2020 - 08/2003)
2.	Karem, Kevin L: 6 articles (07/2020 - 07/2005)
3.	Jahrling, Peter B: 6 articles (11/2017 - 08/2003)
4.	Hruby, Dennis E: 5 articles (01/2021 - 04/2007)
5.	Reynolds, Mary G: 5 articles (01/2020 - 03/2004)
6.	Parker, Scott: 5 articles (03/2017 - 01/2008)
7.	Huggins, John W: 5 articles (04/2007 - 05/2002)
8.	De Clercq, Erik: 5 articles (02/2006 - 07/2002)
9.	Hughes, Christine: 4 articles (01/2012 - 04/2007)
10.	Wong, Scott W: 4 articles (09/2011 - 09/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Mpox (monkeypox):

1.	VaccinesIBA 08/01/2022 - "New medications and vaccines provide hope for treating and preventing Monkeypox; however, further study is required before they can be used effectively. " 06/12/2023 - "The efficacy of these vaccines in the current outbreak of monkeypox is uncertain. " 04/01/2023 - "Conversely, many other tweets helped to provide information about monkeypox vaccines, disease symptoms, and prevention methods. " 03/01/2023 - "This study revealed low level of knowledge and attitude towards monkeypox and its vaccines, which can be a rich resource when proactive measures are developed." 01/01/2023 - "In this study, we mapped and discussed the updates and scientific developments surrounding monkeypox, including its potential molecular mechanisms, genomics, transmission, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, vaccines, treatment, possible plant-based treatment along with their proposed mechanisms. "
2.	tecovirimatIBA 01/01/2023 - "However, tecovirimat has the strongest evidence to be effective and safe for monkeypox treatment, and if there is a choice between the two drugs, tecovirimat has shown more promise so far. " 01/01/2023 - "Thus, tecovirimat is expected to be effective against monkeypox. " 12/01/2022 - "The European Medicines Agency (EMA) certified tecovirimat as safe and effective against monkeypox in 2022, per the World Health Organization (WHO). " 02/01/2023 - "Regarding tecovirimat, all two patients recovered from monkeypox. " 11/01/2022 - "The unknown efficacy of tecovirimat against monkeypox."
3.	Cidofovir (Vistide)FDA Link 06/01/2023 - "It is only recommended to use cidofovir in pregnant patients when they are severely infected with monkeypox. " 01/01/2023 - "Comment on 'Monkeypox: is topical cidofovir a good idea'." 01/01/2023 - "Topical cidofovir in monkeypox: our experience. " 01/01/2023 - "Monkeypox: is topical cidofovir a good idea?" 01/01/2023 - "Human monkeypox outbreak: Epidemiological data and therapeutic potential of topical cidofovir in a prospective cohort study."
4.	Smallpox Vaccine (Vaccine, Smallpox)FDA Link 03/11/2004 - "Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox." 01/01/2022 - "The regular smallpox vaccine has been shown to be effective against monkeypox. " 08/25/2023 - "Efficacy and Safety of the Smallpox Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis in Monkeypox: Protocol for an Open-Labeled, Single-Armed Study." 07/01/2023 - "Further study should be done to explore the role of the smallpox vaccine in preventing human monkeypox." 04/28/2023 - "Based on survey data collected from a nationally representative sample (N = 1,000), this study applies the psychometric paradigm to demonstrate that the American public perceived the monkeypox outbreak as a more dreaded risk than the monkeypox vaccine, but they also viewed the monkeypox vaccine as a more unknown risk. "
5.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 01/01/2022 - "However, the unique features of the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak necessitate further research to better understand the efficacy of this antiviral in the current monkeypox outbreak." 01/01/2023 - "In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the molecular recognition and dynamics of F13-polyphenol bound states, offering new promises for development of antivirals to combat monkeypox. " 11/24/2023 - "The recent outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2, monkeypox, and Sudan ebolavirus have exposed the critical need for rapid screening and identification of antiviral compounds against emerging/re-emerging viral pathogens. " 05/26/2023 - "In conclusion: Monkeypox poses a severe threat to public health due to the lack of specific vaccinations and effective antivirals. " 04/01/2023 - "Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis."
6.	brincidofovirIBA 01/19/2023 - "Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects." 01/01/2011 - "Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of CMX001 in protecting New Zealand White rabbits from mortality following intradermal infection with rabbitpox virus as a model for smallpox, monkeypox and for treatment of adverse reactions to smallpox vaccination. " 01/01/2022 - "Two other medications, cidofovir and brincidofovir, have been found to be effective against poxviruses in in vitro and animal studies, but data on human cases of monkeypox are limited. " 10/01/2022 - "This manuscripts reviews what is known about these potential treatments, including tecovirimat and brincidofovir, based on a literature search of PubMed through 9 August 2022, and explores how these therapeutics may be used in the future to address the expanding monkeypox pandemic." 01/01/2022 - "Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved for treatment of smallpox and have demonstrated efficacy against monkeypox in animals. "
7.	smallpox and monkeypox vaccine modified vaccinia ankara-bavarian nordicIBA 11/28/2022 - "MPXV vaccination with JYNNEOS may help ameliorate the disease and economic burden associated with monkeypox and combat potential outbreaks in areas with active virus circulation." 07/07/2022 - "Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Rapid Response-Interim guidance on the use of Imvamune in the context of monkeypox outbreaks in Canada." 09/01/2023 - "This case highlights magnetic resonance (MR) neurography findings in an individual who developed Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) 5 days after monkeypox symptom onset and 12 days after receiving the JYNNEOS vaccination. " 07/07/2022 - "The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) High Consequence Infectious Disease Working Group (HCID WG) reviewed data on the current status of the monkeypox outbreak, along with additional evidence included in published scientific literature and from manufacturers, regarding the safety, immunogenicity and protection offered by Imvamune. " 01/01/2021 - "This paper provides a comprehensive picture of the MVA-BN vector, which has reached regulatory approvals, both as MVA-BN backbone for smallpox/monkeypox, as well as for the MVA-BN-Filo construct as part of an Ebola vaccination regimen, and therefore aims to provide solutions to prevent disease from high-consequence human pathogens."
8.	3- (2- methoxyphenyl)- 5- methoxy- 1,3,4- oxadiazol- 2(3H)- oneIBA 11/01/2023 - "However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. " 08/15/2023 - "Despite the low transmission risk of Monkeypox (mpox) in Belarus, this study is vital as it contributes to our understanding of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals (HCPs). " 12/01/2023 - "In 2022, a global outbreak of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) was reported outside of areas considered endemic for the disease, predominantly in persons identifying as men who have sex with men, gay, or bisexual. " 12/01/2023 - "We aimed to identify predictors of confirmed monkeypox (mpox) among people with mpox-like illness and to develop a multivariable model for confirmed mpox. " 12/01/2023 - "Targeted search was conducted in PubMed using ((monkeypox virus) OR (Orthopoxvirus)) AND (zoonosis)) OR ((monkeypox) OR (human mpox). "
9.	ACAM2000IBA 07/01/2015 - "Postexposure administration of ACAM2000 alone did not provide any protection against severe monkeypox disease or mortality. " 11/01/2022 - "We report a case of monkeypox in the United States in a patient who had been vaccinated with ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine 8 years earlier. " 11/01/2022 - "Monkeypox in Patient Immunized with ACAM2000 Smallpox Vaccine During 2022 Outbreak." 01/24/2008 - "ACAM2000 proved immunogenic and efficacious in protecting against lethal monkeypox challenge, as evident from a lack of post-challenge viral replication, and the absence of any significant clinical signs attributable to monkeypox infection. " 06/01/2023 - "Efficacy of the modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine and the replication-competent vaccine ACAM2000 in monkeypox prevention."
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2023 - "Identifying potential inhibitors from known drug molecules that target these proteins can be key to finding a cure for monkeypox. " 10/01/2023 - "The main goal of this in silico study is to identify potential inhibitors against monkeypox virus proteins that can be further experimentally validated for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents against monkeypox disease." 01/01/2012 - "This study identifies CCP as an important immuno-modulatory protein in monkeypox pathogenesis but not solely responsible for the increased virulence seen within the Congo Basin clade of monkeypox virus." 09/29/2023 - "Screening of potential inhibitors against structural proteins from Monkeypox and related viruses of Poxviridae family via docking and molecular dynamics simulation." 07/11/2023 - "After being confirmed by experiments, these putative inhibitors could have an impact on the activity of these proteins and be used in monkeypox treatments."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2023 - "Our study mainly focused on finding new therapeutics to target monkeypox from existing compounds or medications. " 01/01/2023 - "In this study, we provide information about the recent outbreaks of human monkeypox, epidemiology, transmission pattern, possible diagnosis techniques, therapeutics, and available preventive strategies." 12/01/2023 - "Pharmacophore modelling-based drug repurposing approaches for monkeypox therapeutics." 11/01/2023 - "Enhancing the use of natural killer cells as a promising therapy against monkeypox: Mechanisms and implications." 09/01/2023 - "Human monkeypox: epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, immunology, diagnosis and therapeutics."
2.	Personal Protective Equipment 01/17/2023 - "All patients presenting with new rectal symptoms and deemed high-risk for monkeypox should be isolated and screened for the disease, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn by healthcare professionals caring for them. " 10/01/2022 - "This includes appropriate isolation of patients with monkeypox; training for health-care personnel on maternity and newborn care units on correct adherence to infection control practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and handling; and ensuring sufficient and appropriate PPE supplies are positioned at all points of care. " 08/25/2023 - "Monkeypox, similar to smallpox, can potentially be controlled and eradicated in the future through vaccines, appropriate treatment, and personal protective equipment." 09/23/2022 - "The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) evaluated HCP exposures and personal protective equipment (PPE) use in health care settings during care of patients who subsequently received a diagnosis of Orthopoxvirus infection (presumptive monkeypox determined by a polymerase chain reaction [PCR] DNA assay) or monkeypox (real-time PCR assay and genetic sequencing performed by CDC). "
3.	Oncolytic Virotherapy 01/01/2021 - " shows broad efficacy against orthopoxviruses in vitro and in vivo and could be developed for use against emerging orthopoxvirus diseases such as monkeypox, vaccination-associated adverse events, and side effects of vaccinia oncolytic virus therapy."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2003 - "Rabbitpox, monkeypox, and variola viruses have been employed to a lesser extent than the other viruses in chemotherapy experiments. " 12/29/2022 - "The review contains a brief analysis of the results of studies on genomic organization and evolution of human pathogenic orthopoxviruses, development of modern methods for diagnosis, vaccination, and chemotherapy of smallpox, monkeypox, and other zoonotic human orthopoxvirus infections." 11/10/2022 - "Therefore, this study aimed to explore the evidence of antiviral pharmacotherapy available for the treatment of adult patients with monkeypox. "
5.	Precision Medicine 11/06/2023 - "This study demonstrates for the first time monkeypox theranostics using nanomedicine, and may bring a new insight into the development of a viable strategy for monkeypox management in clinical trials. "