Ileus

A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.

Networked: 3843 relevant articles (230 outcomes, 314 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
3.	Vomiting
4.	Postoperative Pain
5.	Nausea

Experts

1.	Wehner, Sven: 23 articles (02/2022 - 09/2006)
2.	Kalff, Jörg C: 16 articles (11/2021 - 08/2002)
3.	Bauer, Anthony J: 16 articles (05/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Delaney, Conor P: 15 articles (01/2020 - 06/2005)
5.	Lysson, Mariola: 12 articles (02/2022 - 05/2009)
6.	Techner, Lee: 12 articles (08/2014 - 10/2004)
7.	Bauer, A J: 11 articles (07/2012 - 02/2000)
8.	Hori, Masatoshi: 10 articles (04/2022 - 05/2011)
9.	de Jonge, Wouter J: 10 articles (06/2021 - 09/2005)
10.	Kehlet, H: 10 articles (01/2020 - 03/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ileus:

1.	Chewing Gum (Chewing Gums)IBA 10/01/2010 - "Considering chewing as an important stimulus to promote intestinal motility we designed this study to assess the efficacy of chewing gum to improve the postoperative ileus, and the clinical relevance of this intervention. " 01/01/2012 - "Recent studies suggest that use of chewing gum can be effective in preventing postoperative ileus by a similar mechanism of action to early postoperative feeding. " 01/01/2008 - "Recent trials have shown promising results for the efficacy of gum chewing for the amelioration of postoperative ileus. " 11/01/2017 - "Based on current evidence, chewing gum offers an inexpensive, well-tolerated, safe and effective method to ameliorate ileus following colorectal surgery. " 02/10/2015 - "One non-pharmacological intervention that has shown promising results in reducing the duration of postoperative ileus is chewing gum after surgery. "
2.	alvimopanFDA Link 09/01/2007 - "Is alvimopan a safe and effective treatment for postoperative ileus?" 01/01/2008 - "The efficacy of alvimopan in the management of postoperative ileus has been evaluated in five phase III trials; four conducted in North America and one conducted in Europe/Australasia. " 05/01/2008 - "Pharmacokinetics of alvimopan and its metabolite in healthy volunteers and patients in postoperative ileus trials." 03/01/2007 - "Alvimopan, for postoperative ileus following bowel resection: a pooled analysis of phase III studies." 07/01/2021 - "There are few published data on alvimopan used to treat OIC, and it is only indicated for the treatment of post-abdominal surgery ileus. "
3.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 01/01/2017 - "As opioid-induced motility issues are only one factor affecting postoperative ileus, continued examination of the cost of the use and efficacy of the drug is needed. " 04/04/2009 - "Both compounds seem to be generally well tolerated and effective for the treatment of opioid-related bowel dysfunction and postoperative ileus. " 01/01/2001 - "Measures to limit the use of opioids may be effective in shortening the duration of postoperative ileus in newborn infants." 11/11/2023 - "Epidurals may play an important role in limiting postoperative opioid use and therefore reducing risk of ileus. " 11/11/2023 - "Opioids are known to have an inhibitory effect on the GI tract and cause postoperative ileus. "
4.	Metoclopramide (Reglan)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "This article aims to demonstrate the efficacy of metoclopramide for the prevention of ileus after cesarean. " 10/01/2001 - "To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide for treatment of postoperative ileus in patients who underwent exploratory laparatomy. " 10/01/1996 - "Efficacy of metoclopramide for treatment of ileus in horses following small intestinal surgery: 70 cases (1989-1992)." 06/01/2015 - "Our study proved the functionality of metoclopramide in preventing ileus. " 04/01/1986 - "In a double blind controlled study including 60 patients it was found that Metoclopramide has a negative effect upon the resolution of postoperative adynamic ileus. "
5.	methylnaltrexoneFDA Link 05/01/2011 - "Although the efficacy of methylnaltrexone in reducing the duration of postoperative ileus was not demonstrated in these studies, intravenous methylnaltrexone at doses of 12 mg and 24 mg was safe, in general, and well tolerated in postcolectomy patients. " 01/01/2013 - "Randomized placebo-controlled study of intravenous methylnaltrexone in postoperative ileus." 01/01/2008 - "The intravenous formulation of methylnaltrexone is currently in phase III clinical trials for the potential treatment of postoperative ileus." 03/01/2022 - "The Efficacy and Safety of Methylnaltrexone for the Treatment of Postoperative Ileus." 05/01/2011 - "The utility of intravenous methylnaltrexone in treating postoperative ileus remains unproven."
6.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "This study was done to assess the effect of i.v. lignocaine on operative stress response and post-surgical ileus after elective open abdominal surgeries. " 11/01/2002 - "The low incidence of small-intestinal lesions and gastric reflux in the study makes it difficult to assess the use of lidocaine in the prevention of postoperative ileus (POI)." 11/19/2023 - "Lidocaine and alpha-2-agonist administration postoperatively were also associated with increased incidence of postoperative ileus (OR 21.5 and 1.56, respectively). " 11/01/2021 - "In this retrospective study, ruminant and camelid cases diagnosed with ileus and treated with a lidocaine constant rate of infusion were assessed for adverse reactions and medical outcomes. " 11/01/2021 - "Limited knowledge exists regarding the use of lidocaine as a prokinetic in ruminants and camelids to treat gastrointestinal ileus. "
7.	Neostigmine (Neostigmine Bromide)IBA 01/01/1989 - "Further, neostigmine did not adversely affect intestinal hemodynamics while increasing rhythmic contractions, suggesting that neostigmine may be useful in the treatment of ileus in equids." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to assess the effects of neostigmine on the postoperative ileus and the healing of colon anastomoses. " 03/01/2008 - "In this study, we evaluated the effect of epidurally administered neostigmine on postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery. " 12/01/2001 - "This study is a prospective clinical trial of neostigmine in seven spinal patients with ileus after surgery to demonstrate its efficacy. " 11/01/2019 - "Neostigmine has been shown in pediatric case series to be efficacious in some children for refractory post-operative ileus. "
8.	Cisapride (Propulsid)FDA Link 09/01/1997 - "Cisapride is effective in neonates with a prolonged ileus after abdominal surgery." 06/01/1989 - "Cisapride appears safe and effective in the prophylaxis of equine post operative ileus." 07/01/1987 - "This study suggests that cisapride in repeated dosage may be of value in inducing remission in prolonged surgical ileus, particularly in patients who have undergone intraperitoneal operations." 09/01/1997 - "To assess the efficacy of cisapride in reducing ileus persisting to the tenth postoperative day after neonatal abdominal surgery. " 09/01/1997 - "Cisapride reduces neonatal postoperative ileus: randomised placebo controlled trial."
9.	Narcotic Antagonists (Opioid Antagonists)IBA 09/01/2022 - "In multivariable models controlling for patient and surgical factors, µ-opioid antagonist agent was associated with neither LOS nor ileus. " 01/01/2021 - "Selective Opioid Antagonists Following Bowel Resection for Prevention of Postoperative Ileus: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." 01/01/2021 - "Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists in the Management of Postoperative Ileus: a Clinical Review." 03/01/2006 - "Peripheral opioid antagonists may represent an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of ileus. " 09/27/2001 - "An opioid antagonist for postoperative ileus."
10.	GhrelinIBA 08/01/2011 - "Clinical studies are evaluating the efficacy of synthetic ghrelin agonists in postoperative ileus management. " 08/01/2011 - "However, the control of ghrelin secretion under conditions of postoperative gastric ileus is largely unknown. " 01/01/2011 - "Ghrelin: new insight to mechanisms and treatment of postoperative gastric ileus." 12/01/2005 - "In animals, ghrelin increases gastric emptying and reverses postoperative ileus. " 12/01/2003 - "The fact that ghrelin may reverse the effect of ileus on gastric emptying suggests that ghrelin agonists could find therapeutical application as prokinetics."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Length of Stay 01/01/2018 - "Incidence of postoperative ileus (0.0% vs. 7.2%, p=0.06) and length of postoperative hospital stay (11 days vs. 14 days, p=0.08) in the laparoscopic group were improved, though not significantly, compared to the open group. " 07/01/2014 - "The hospital stay and the rate of temporary ileus were significantly greater (P<.036 and P<.02, respectively) in group I than in group II. The success rate of transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty versus retroperitoneoscopic laparoscopic pyeloplasty was 96.4% versus 96.6% with a mean follow-up period of 30.75±4.85 months versus 30.99±5.59 months (P<.88). " 04/01/2023 - "Their combination leads to an improvement in recovery parameters and a reduction of prolonged postoperative ileus and hospital stay." 01/01/2022 - "The post-Care Path cohort had improved mobilization on postoperative day 0 (pre 16.7%, post 53.3%, P<0.00001), reduced length of stay (pre 4.14 days, post 3.36 days, P=0.00006), fewer total inpatient complications (pre 17.1%, post 8.1%, P=0.0469), and fewer instances of postoperative ileus (pre 8.5%, post 1.9%, P=0.0102). " 01/01/2023 - "No difference between the two comparison groups was found with regard to mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.82; 639 participants from 3 studies; moderate-certainty evidence), the incidence of postoperative ileus (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.32; 2013 participants from 6 studies, low-certainty of evidence) and length of hospital stay (MD -0.19, 95% CI -1.81 to 1.44; 621 participants from 3 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). "
2.	Conservative Treatment 11/17/2022 - "Ileus, due to an affected adhesion band, was diagnosed initially, and symptoms improved gradually under conservative treatment. " 11/01/2022 - "Adhesive ileus was initially suspected, which was relieved with conservative management, including ileus tube insertion. " 05/01/2017 - "One postoperative ileus occurred in the ≥150 minutes group; it was relieved by conservative treatment. " 12/01/2014 - "Subsequently, the patient developed ileus frequently, which improved with conservative management. " 09/01/2010 - "There were two cases of transient ileus that improved with conservative treatment. "
3.	Therapeutics 09/01/2019 - "Cola Dissolution Therapy via Ileus Tube Was Effective for Ileus Secondary to Small Bowel Obstruction Induced by an Enterolith." 01/01/2017 - "Acupuncture is a therapy effective in treating postoperative ileus (POI); its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. " 01/01/2021 - "This network meta-analysis identified early feeding as the most efficacious therapeutic intervention to reduce post-operative ileus in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, in addition to highlighting other therapies that require further investigation by high quality study. " 10/01/2019 - "Until now the available evidence favouring an ileus-prophylactic palliative small bowel resection for stage IV SI-NET must be weighed against available high-level evidence from randomized trials that showed long-term survival under systemic therapy. " 06/01/2008 - "The review discusses future directions for studies which will hopefully lead to better understanding and appropriate measures for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of ileus and other motility disorders."
4.	Decompression 04/01/2020 - "Placement of a nasointestinal ileus tube or long tube for gastrointestinal decompression is a new and effective treatment for small bowel obstruction. " 06/01/2011 - "Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. " 10/01/2017 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the decompression efficacy of a transnasal ileus tube under X-ray guidance, with benign adhesive bowel obstruction patients serving as the control group. " 03/01/2001 - "This prospective study included patients with postoperative acute SBO in whom sufficient intestinal decompression was achieved using a nasoenteric ileus tube preoperatively, but pass disorder was not improved. " 08/01/1994 - "The acute ileus can often be relieved with decompression tubes. "
5.	Colectomy 10/01/2023 - "This study revealed a higher risk of postoperative ileus after right colectomy with laparoscopic surgery. " 06/23/2021 - "This study revealed that closure of the mesenteric defect following laparoscopic colectomy might be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative ileus." 12/01/2020 - "The objective of this study was to determine whether right-sided colectomies (RC) were associated with a higher incidence of primary postoperative ileus (pPOI) compared to left-sided colectomies (LC). " 10/01/2018 - "Risk factors for postoperative ileus following elective laparoscopic right colectomy: a retrospective multicentric study." 07/01/1997 - "This study was undertaken to determine whether laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy in the dog results in a shorter duration of ileus compared with open right hemicolectomy. "