Limited Scleroderma

The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.

Also Known As:

Networked: 63 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diffuse Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)
2.	Systemic Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
3.	Localized Scleroderma (Morphea)
4.	Pulmonary Hypertension
5.	CREST Syndrome (Syndrome, CREST)

Experts

1.	Barolet, Daniel: 2 articles (11/2020 - 01/2014)
2.	Shah, Ami A: 2 articles (01/2016 - 04/2013)
3.	Roberts-Thomson, Peter J: 2 articles (02/2012 - 10/2003)
4.	Snarskaya, Elena S: 1 article (06/2022)
5.	Vasileva, Kseniia D: 1 article (06/2022)
6.	Arif, Salman: 1 article (05/2021)
7.	Azzam, Alex: 1 article (05/2021)
8.	Azzam, Martin: 1 article (05/2021)
9.	Akdoğan, Ali: 1 article (01/2021)
10.	Hekimsoy, Vedat: 1 article (01/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Limited Scleroderma:

1.	Iloprost (Ventavis)FDA Link 12/01/1998 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cyclic intravenous iloprost therapy in diffuse or limited scleroderma. "
2.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2010 - "To determine if oral ciprofloxacin reduces the severity of scleroderma, a controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial, with placebo, was conducted on 32 patients with diffuse and limited scleroderma, who received oral ciprofloxacin (250 mg) or placebo every 12 h. "
3.	Calcium Channel Blockers (Blockers, Calcium Channel)IBA 02/01/2003 - "The long-term use of calcium channel blockers may be protective, but newer agents that are more effective in treating PHT may also be helpful in altering the natural history of this serious complication in limited scleroderma."
4.	CollagenIBA 09/01/1986 - "Development of severe limited scleroderma in complicated Raynaud's phenomenon after limb immobilization: report of two cases and study of collagen biosynthesis." 11/01/2020 - "Background: Linear morphea is a variant of scleroderma limited to the skin and underlying tissues secondary to an autoimmune inflammation leading to excess collagen deposition and fibrosis. " 04/01/1994 - "Findings are discussed in light of recent information on the pathogenesis and neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic scleroderma and limited scleroderma variants (CREST, unclassifiable connective tissue disease) with positive anticentromere titers, including a discussion of the vasculitis hypothesis of collagen vascular cerebral involvement."
5.	SodiumIBA 09/01/2007 - "A 45-year-old female with limited scleroderma and chronic renal failure was admitted to our hospital due to hyponatremia (sodium 103 mEq/L). " 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
6.	Vitamin B 6IBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
7.	Tocopherols (Tocopherol)IBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
8.	MicronutrientsIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
9.	ZincIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
10.	VitaminsIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/1970 - "[Complex treatment of limited scleroderma with dosed local vacuum therapy]." 12/01/1998 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cyclic intravenous iloprost therapy in diffuse or limited scleroderma. " 01/01/2017 - "We describe cases of 2 patients with scleroderma (patient 1 had diffuse scleroderma, and patient 2 had limited scleroderma) that developed while they were receiving pembrolizumab therapy for metastatic melanoma. " 04/01/2009 - "We report an unusual case of a 45-year-old woman in whom sulfhemoglobinemia from chronic therapy with phenazopyridine was misdiagnosed as due to Raynaud phenomenon and limited scleroderma. " 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
2.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) 01/01/2014 - "Pulsed LLLT represents a treatment alternative for osteoarticular signs and symptoms in limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)." 01/01/2014 - "Pulsed versus continuous wave low-level light therapy on osteoarticular signs and symptoms in limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome): a case report."
3.	Plasmapheresis 01/01/2017 - "We report the case of a male patient, originally diagnosed with limited systemic scleroderma (lcSSc) in early 1990, who has been undergoing regular plasmapheresis treatments for more than 22 years, beginning in late 1993. "
4.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 12/01/2018 - "Phototherapy with UVA1 could represent a therapeutic option in patients with limited scleroderma, where lesions do not cross joints and they do not lead to potential cosmetic changes."
5.	Nursing Care 01/01/2016 - "This article provides information about the complexity of the different types of this disease and the basic nursing care of the patient with the most common subclass of systemic scleroderma, limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma. "