Cytochromes c (Cytochrome c)

Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.

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Networked: 3817 relevant articles (99 outcomes, 300 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Yip, Hon-Kan: 22 articles (10/2021 - 09/2008)
2.	Pourahmad, Jalal: 21 articles (09/2022 - 02/2013)
3.	Sung, Pei-Hsun: 18 articles (10/2021 - 03/2015)
4.	Lee, Chung Soo: 18 articles (08/2015 - 10/2009)
5.	Sun, Cheuk-Kwan: 13 articles (08/2019 - 09/2008)
6.	Kim, Yun Jeong: 13 articles (12/2014 - 10/2009)
7.	Grant, Steven: 13 articles (07/2007 - 01/2002)
8.	Choi, Yung Hyun: 12 articles (01/2022 - 02/2006)
9.	Chen, Qun: 11 articles (01/2022 - 07/2004)
10.	Lesnefsky, Edward J: 11 articles (01/2022 - 07/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 10/01/2002 - "Results showed that ischemic preconditioning induced by a 3-min ischemic episode dramatically reduced the loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons resulting from a subsequent 8-min ischemia 7 days after reperfusion, and this protection was associated with a preservation of mitochondrial cytochrome c as examined after early reperfusion. " 05/01/1999 - "Cytosolic cytochrome c was detected as early as 1 hr after ischemia, and correspondingly, mitochondrial cytochrome c showed a significant reduction 2 hr after ischemia (p < 0.01). " 05/15/2007 - "By histological examinations and cytochrome c release assessments, the protective effects of these drugs on the DND of hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice subjected to transient ischemia were examined. " 01/03/2014 - "Addition of exogenous cytochrome c to mitochondria isolated from ischemia brains had no effect on respiration in all models used in this study. " 04/25/2010 - "The present study aimed to investigate the change of cytochrome c in postconditioning-attenuated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced mucosal apoptosis in rat intestine compared with ischemic preconditioning (IPC). "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2018 - "In this study, we found that CFG could induce mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cytochrome c release in ovarian SKOV3 cancer cells. " 12/01/2006 - "One of these studies concluded that in some tissues apoptosis may require Apaf-1 but not cytochrome c, which indicated the need to analyze the requirement of cytochrome c beyond the mouse models, and in human tumor cells in particular. " 12/01/2002 - "This study suggests that the combination of Act D-induced down-regulation of XIAP (Signal I) and Apo2L/TRAIL-induced release of cytochrome c (Signal II) leads to the reversal of resistance to Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the tumor cells. " 11/05/2001 - "This study demonstrates that GrB-cleaved Bid, which differs in size and site of cleavage from caspase-8-cleaved Bid, utilizes Bak for cytochrome c release, and therefore, suggests that deficiency in Bak may serve as a mechanism of immune evasion for tumor or viral infected cells." 06/01/2023 - "Meanwhile, the in situ produced Zn2+ and H2S synergistic enhancement of cell apoptosis, which is evidenced to increase levels of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of Cytochrome c in cancer cells, contributing to inhibit the growth of tumor. "
3.	Mitochondrial Diseases (Mitochondrial Disease) 01/01/2023 - "Moreover, fresh mitochondria partially improved the chronic stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in aged rats, as indicated by reduced cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from the mitochondria. " 04/01/2019 - "The present study indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with disruptive effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores, which is correlated with cytochrome c release. " 11/21/2011 - "In the present study, we further demonstrated that long-term exercise attenuated both cytochrome c release and elevated levels of p53, which are known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the striatum of this chronic model. " 10/01/2008 - "Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the decrease in the number of cytochrome c-positive cells and the increase of densities of HNE immunoreactivity may reflect the mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampal CA1 sector of aged animals. " 01/01/2004 - "Immunoelectron studies have demonstrated that Bax and Bid translocate from cytoplasm to mitochondria where they initiate mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome c release. "
4.	Infarction (Infarctions) 06/01/2020 - "RESULTS The delayed cardioprotection enhanced post-ischemic AMPK activation, reduced infarction, CK-MB level, NAD⁺ content loss and cytochrome c release, and compound C blocked these effects. " 02/01/2013 - "The infarct size and cytochrome c level was decreased in all SB203580-treated rats, without the alteration of the total Bax/Bcl-2 expression. " 10/01/2003 - "In contrast, reduced Bax expression but not Bax translocation and cytochrome c release occurs in the infarct core, thus suggesting apoptosis signals restricted to the penumbra. " 08/30/2002 - "Notably, such neuronal degeneration was first associated with a decrease in p-Akt in both the focus and penumbra of the infarct region and, later with an increase in cytosolic cytochrome C levels in cortical neurons in the infarct area. " 01/01/2002 - "Further, BID(-/-) mice had a significant attenuation of infarction (-67%) and significantly lower release of cytochrome c (-41%). "
5.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 02/13/2004 - "Recent studies have shown that hypoxia/reoxygenation can induce Bax translocation and cytochrome c release. " 06/15/1953 - "[Study on the action of cytochrome C on experimental anoxia in isolated head of dog]." 01/01/2022 - "We hereby demonstrate the contribution of 12/15 LOX in disorienting mitochondrial integrity with subsequent release of cytochrome-c in cytosol which drives the neuronal cells to intrinsic mode of cell death during hypobaric hypoxia. " 05/30/2020 - "In the analysis of mitochondria, we found that more released cytochrome c located in cytosolic with NDRG1 knockdown in hypoxia, which may be due to mitochondria division. " 12/01/2019 - "Concurrently, a hypoxia-induced decrease of cytochrome c was consistent with decreased mitochondrial function and protection from apoptosis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)
2.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
4.	Caspase 9
5.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
6.	Caspases
7.	Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
8.	Enzymes
9.	Antioxidants
10.	Caspase 8 (Caspase-8)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Intravenous Injections
4.	Ischemic Postconditioning
5.	Total Parenteral Nutrition