Type 4 Melanocortin Receptor (Melanocortin-4 Receptor)

A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in BRAIN. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH; BETA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE.

Also Known As:

Melanocortin-4 Receptor; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; MC4 Receptor; Melanocortin 4 Receptor; Receptor, Melanocortin-4; Receptor 4, Melanocortin; Receptor, MC4; Receptor, Melanocortin 4; Melanocortin Receptor 4

Networked: 714 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 86 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: 1
- Proteins: 484843
  - Membrane Proteins: 10078
    - Cell Surface Receptors: 2125

Experts

1.	Hebebrand, Johannes: 18 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
2.	Hinney, Anke: 18 articles (04/2019 - 03/2003)
3.	Cone, Roger D: 17 articles (01/2021 - 04/2003)
4.	Farooqi, I Sadaf: 16 articles (01/2022 - 03/2003)
5.	Tao, Ya-Xiong: 14 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
6.	Biebermann, Heike: 13 articles (11/2021 - 12/2003)
7.	O'Rahilly, Stephen: 13 articles (01/2021 - 03/2003)
8.	Haskell-Luevano, Carrie: 12 articles (01/2021 - 01/2004)
9.	Marks, Daniel L: 12 articles (01/2020 - 04/2003)
10.	Hebebrand, J: 12 articles (01/2019 - 05/2001)

Related Diseases

1.	Obesity 04/01/2010 - "The relatively large effect of these common variants near melanocortin 4 receptor on general and visceral adiposity in childhood, especially in girls, could prove helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of obesity in early life." 10/31/2023 - "Previous studies revealed that the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) is the most prevalent monogenic cause of severe early obesity. " 04/01/2023 - "The polymorphism rs17782313 near the MC4R (human melanocortin 4 receptor gene) was strongly associated with obesity in a large scale GWAS (genome wide association study), yet previous studies investigating its impact on AIWG did not lead to a definite conclusion regarding its effect. " 09/19/2022 - "This study aimed to examine association between variant rs17782313 near melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and behavioral and hormonal factors then evaluated interactions between variant MC4R rs17782313 with behavioral and hormonal factors on obesity. " 09/01/2022 - "Recent studies have reported that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be related to the incidence of obesity and the risk of CVD. "
2.	Cachexia 08/01/2007 - "Antagonism of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention of lean body mass waste, as in cachexia. " 07/01/2007 - "Regarding treatment potential, multiple reports describe the effectiveness of small molecule antagonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor in animal models of cachexia. " 04/01/2005 - "MC4 receptor antagonists: a potential treatment for cachexia." 01/01/2007 - "Melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of cachexia." 03/01/2013 - "Numerous results from experimental studies suggest that blockade of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) could be an effective treatment for anorexia and cachexia. "
3.	Anorexia 02/15/2001 - "Stimulation of the hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) produces relative anorexia and increased metabolic rate, even in a relatively starved state. " 04/01/2000 - "However, we have also shown that the behavioral effects of CRF (anorexia and grooming) are not influenced by MC4 receptor blockage. " 04/01/2000 - "Moreover, immobilization stress-induced anorexia may be partially reversed by single and repeated intracerebroventricular administration of selective MC4 receptor antagonists. " 01/01/1999 - "We investigated if the newly discovered selective melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist HS014 could influence CRF induced anorexia and grooming. " 04/01/2000 - "It is thus evident that MC4 receptor blockage can reduce stress-induced anorexia and that repeated injections of selective MC4 receptor antagonists have a sustained effect on food intake without any sign of tachyphylaxis. "
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 01/01/2021 - "Studies in mice and humans suggest that melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency affects body weight in a sex-/gender-dependent manner. " 08/22/2014 - "The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) plays a major role in body weight regulation and its agonist MTII has been widely used to study the role of MC4Rs in energy expenditure promotion and feeding reduction. " 09/01/2008 - "Several studies have reported that carriers of the 103I allele of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene had lower body weight than did persons with the wild-type genotype. " 01/01/2023 - "However, the identity of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, PVNVGlut2::MC4R and LCVGlut2::MC4R regulation of body weight, and axonal projections of LCVGlut2 neurons remain unclear. " 01/01/2023 - "Glutamatergic melanocortin-4 receptor neurons regulate body weight."
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/01/2021 - "We established a novel murine model of NASH-associated liver tumors using genetically obese melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice fed on Western diet in combination with a chemical procarcinogen, and verified the validity of our model in evaluating drug efficacy. " 09/01/2011 - "The orally active melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist BL-6020/979: a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer cachexia." 01/01/2009 - "Orally available selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists stimulate food intake and reduce cancer-induced cachexia in mice." 03/31/2008 - "Previous evidence in animal models implicates the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) in the development of cancer cachexia. " 03/31/2008 - "Val103Ile polymorphism of the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) in cancer cachexia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Melanocortins
2.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
3.	Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones (MSH)
4.	Hormones (Hormone)
5.	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
6.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
7.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid
8.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)
9.	Methylcholanthrene
10.	NBI-12i

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vagotomy
2.	Nephrectomy
3.	Intraventricular Infusions
4.	Acupuncture Therapy
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy)