Gallstones (Gallstone)

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5788 relevant articles (260 outcomes, 714 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.

Also Known As:

Gallstone; Gall Stones; Biliary Calculi, Common Bile Duct; Common Bile Duct Calculi; Common Bile Duct Gall Stones; Common Bile Duct Gallstones; Gall Stone; Gall Stones, Common Bile Duct; Gallstones, Common Bile Duct; Calculi, Biliary; Biliary Calculi

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Digestive System Diseases: 29

Biliary Tract Diseases: 303

Cholelithiasis: 1955

Gallstones: 5788

Gallbladder Diseases: 531

Cholecystolithiasis: 262

Gallstones: 5788

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Anatomical Pathological Conditions

Calculi: 3549

Gallstones: 5788

Related Diseases

1.	Gallstones (Gallstone)
2.	Shock
3.	Pancreatitis
4.	Cholangitis
5.	Cholelithiasis
359 Diseases and 2093 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Experts

1.	Wang, David Q-H: 15 articles (06/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Carey, Martin C: 14 articles (07/2008 - 02/2002)
3.	Nervi, Flavio: 10 articles (08/2008 - 04/2003)
4.	Wittenburg, Henning: 9 articles (07/2008 - 02/2002)
5.	Kwapuliński, Jerzy: 9 articles (01/2006 - 01/2004)
6.	Ahnert, Bozena: 9 articles (01/2006 - 01/2004)
7.	Bogunia, Mariusz: 9 articles (01/2006 - 01/2004)
8.	Uribe, Misael: 8 articles (06/2008 - 04/2002)
9.	Miquel, Juan Francisco: 8 articles (08/2007 - 01/2002)
10.	Zanlungo, Silvana: 8 articles (05/2007 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gallstones:

1.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/1988 - "Several considerations support the view that adjuvant chemical dissolution therapy will be necessary for best results with ESWL, including compatibility of the rate of stone dissolution postlithotripsy with that of chemical dissolution rather than mechanical ejection; the common presence of cholesterol-supersaturated bile in gallstone patients, promoting reconglomeration of fragments; and decreased contractility of the gallbladder, which may improve after successful cholelitholytic therapy with UDCA" 02/01/1987 - "These agents are most effective in thin women with small, floating, radiolucent cholesterol gallstones in a functioning gallbladder" 09/01/1986 - "A semisynthetic diet plus cholesterol is superior to a high cholesterol chow diet for gallstone formation and prevention studies, but in prolonged feeding experiments, the potential hepatotoxicity of this diet in the prairie dog must be appreciated." 08/01/1995 - "The relative concentration of biliary AAG is significantly greater in cholesterol gallstone patients with multiple stones than in gallstone-free controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 02/01/1992 - "Total protein concentration and cholesterol saturation index were significantly greater in the untreated gallstone patients with crystals than in those without crystals in bile" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1989 - "Although most studies report that long-term bile acid treatment does not have protective effects, preliminary results suggest that low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid decreases the rate of gallstone recurrence in a subgroup of younger patients" 06/01/1992 - "Pretreatment with ursodiol significantly improved while gallstone calcification interfered with fragmentation" 06/01/2003 - "Of the cases in whom dissolution was achieved, all patients had multiple gallstones except for one with a solitary stone in Group I. Gallstones were not dissolved of any subject of group III. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that ursodeoxycholic acid cholic therapy is more effective in the dissolution of multiple gallstones than of solitary ones" 11/01/1997 - "Two multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trials have demonstrated that the prophylactic use of ursodiol in males and females 18 to 70 years of age is effective for the prevention of gallstone formation in this patient population" 11/01/2003 - "OBJECT: To determine if a 6-month regimen of prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid is effective in the prevention of gallstones" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Chenix)FDA Link 01/01/1980 - "Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is an effective treatment for dissolving gallstones but experimental studies have suggested that it might be hepatotoxic" 03/01/2002 - "Most clinical trials on PBC therapy have used conservative dosages of UDCA similar to those of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) used for dissolution of gallstones" 09/01/1991 - "Samples were obtained from National Cooperative Gallstone Study patients (n = 17) with abnormal light microscopic liver biopsy results or major aminotransferase elevations and from a matched control group of patients (n = 14) who received similar chenodiol doses but had no evidence of liver injury" 06/01/1990 - "One hundred and twelve patients with radiolucent gallstones entered the study; 54 received chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 58 ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) at dosage of 15 mg/kg/daily" 09/01/1986 - "During the National Cooperative Gallstone Study, chenodiol (chenodeoxycholate), 750 or 375 mg/day, resulted in complete gallstone dissolution in only 13.5% and 5.2% of patients, respectively" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)IBA 12/01/1990 - "Rapid dissolution of these fragments with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) may prevent such side effects and achieve complete clearance of gallstones within hours rather than several months to a year or longer" 10/01/1990 - "A third compound was recently used which was produced by combining the previous two agents, Mo and MTBE, at a ratio of 2:1 v/v. The mixture has an intermediate viscosity (2.8 cps) and has shown good tolerability, management and efficacy with a 90% success rate in the treatment of post-surgical gallstones in 28 patients." 07/01/1990 - "This study shows that mechanical fragmentation is effective in accelerating gallstone chemolysis by methyl tert-butyl ether for noncalcified and partially calcified but not for heavily calcified stones." 11/01/1990 - "Dissolution of gallbladder stones with MTBE appears to be an effective and safe treatment for patients with symptomatic gallstones who are unfit for surgery" 07/01/1992 - "The demonstration that methyl tert-butyl ether is a safe and effective gallstone solvent and the development of the microprocessor-assisted solvent transfer system have revived the procedure of chemical contact dissolution of gallbladder stones, which was first described 100 years ago" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Bile Acids and Salts (Bile Acids)IBA 02/01/1998 - "Bile salts and pigment content were significantly greater in gallstone-free controls than in all other disease study groups" 11/01/1982 - "To test the comparative efficacy of these two cholelitholytic bile acids, 223 gallstones patients were randomly treated with either UDCA or CDCA at two different doses: 7 to 8 mg per kg per day and 14 to 15 mg per kg per day" 02/01/1999 - "In this study we wanted to evaluate the long term recurrence of gallstones after stone clearance with ESWL and oral bile acids, and to assess possible risk and preventive factors of stone recurrence" 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the profiles of fecal bile acid in gallstone patients, in order to estimate the quality and amount of fecal bile acids" 04/01/1997 - "RESULTS: Bile salts and pigment content were greater in gallstone-free controls than in all other study groups, including morbidly obese gallstone-free subjects" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
6.	Lovastatin (Mevacor)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of lovastatin in gallstone dissolution" 10/01/2002 - "Lovastatin alters biliary lipid composition and dissolves gallstones: a long-term study in prairie dogs." 07/01/1996 - "Gallstone dissolution in an adult female population: trial with lovastatin therapy]" 01/01/1993 - "This preliminary study suggests that lovastatin, alone or in combination with UR, may be useful in dissolving gallstones in humans." 01/01/1993 - "Lovastatin and gallstone dissolution: a preliminary study." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
7.	BilirubinIBA 03/01/1991 - "Additional physical chemical studies of the interaction of unconjugated bilirubin in model bile solutions will be helpful in further delineating the pathogenesis of both black and brown pigment gallstones." 04/01/2007 - "Gallstone disease: free radical reactions and the ambivalent role of bilirubin in the pathomechanism of gallstone formation]" 11/01/1991 - "The aim of the present study was to analyse bile samples from cases with gallstones by high performance liquid chromatography according to the type of stones present, with special reference to the glucoside and xyloside conjugates of bilirubin, and to investigate their deconjugation" 09/01/1990 - "The results of this study could hardly be explained by Maki beta-G theory, but were consistent with the assumption that the precipitation-dissolution equilibrium of calcium bilirubinate is the key of pigment gallstone formation, thus the increases of the above mentioned bile components, including beta-G activity, would bias this equilibrium towards calcium bilirubinate precipitation and therefore promote gallstone formation" 02/01/1987 - "Clinical and experimental studies on the formation of calcium bilirubinate gallstones]" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
8.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to assess the risk of gallstone formation during treatment with TPN and octreotide separately and in combination" 01/01/1995 - "Because knowledge of stone composition is essential for studies of their pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention, this was investigated by direct and indirect methods in 14 octreotide treated acromegalic patients with gall stones" 01/01/1990 - "In contrast to other studies, none of 16 acromegalic patients on long-term octreotide treatment developed gallstones" 02/01/2005 - "One patient in the octreotide-LAR group developed gallstones" 10/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that, by increasing DCA formation and absorption, prolongation of large bowel transit is a pathogenic factor in the formation of octreotide-induced gallstones." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
9.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1991 - "Three patients developed a deterioration and one an improvement in their glucose tolerance and three developed asymptomatic gallstones during the year of therapy" 07/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that hyperinsulinaemia may play an important role in the aetiology of gall stones even in individuals without diabetes and with normal serum glucose levels." 03/01/1999 - "Few studies have investigated the relation between glucose tolerance status and ultrasonographically determined gallstone disease" 07/01/2008 - "This regimen normalized serum levels of GH and IGF-1; however, he showed impaired glucose tolerance and gallstones at 15.7 years of age" 06/01/2005 - "The results are more complicated in the deoxycholate-CuCl2 system containing glucose, suggesting that the nonlinear scientific concept should be considered in understanding gallstone formation." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
10.	Simvastatin (Zocor)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2003 - "The animals treated with simvastatin showed gallstone formation in 5/10 (50%) of animals, compared with 6/10 (60%) of control animals" 12/01/2003 - "The use of simvastatin for the prevention of gallstones in the lithogenic prairie dog model." 08/01/2000 - "METHODS: Thirty-one gallstone patients were enrolled in the study; 17 were treated with 20 mg simvastatin daily for 3 weeks prior to cholecystectomy and 14 served as controls" 02/01/1998 - "After 12 months of Simvastatin therapy there was a small decrease in the gallstone diameter but complete dissolution of gallstones was not achieved in any subjects" 02/01/1998 - "In conclusion 12 months of therapy with Simvastatin was effective in lowering the serum lipids and the CSI of bile but was not effective in dissolving gallstones." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
870 Drugs and Important Bio-Agents and 3695 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy 01/01/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to be a safe and effective way of treating the most common symptoms related to gallstone disease." 01/01/1993 - "The best treatment for symptomatic or complicated gallstones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, now performed in all countries throughout the world" 08/01/1995 - "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease" 07/01/2000 - "CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly relieved symptoms of gall stone disease" 07/01/1991 - "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective procedure, significantly improving the quality of life of the patients with gallstones." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Cholecystectomy 01/01/2006 - "Cholecystectomy is a safe and most effective procedure that provides ultimate cure for symptomatic gallstone disease." 01/01/1990 - "Cholecystectomy which is the best treatment for gallstones can be performed via laparoscopy in cases of uncomplicated stones" 01/01/2006 - "Also, prophylactic cholecystectomy could be beneficial in certain subgroups of asymptomatic gallstone carriers" 11/01/1994 - "CONCLUSION: Open cholecystectomy is superior to ESWL in improving quality of life, so cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones" 12/01/2004 - "DISCUSSION: The only effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones is cholecystectomy, for which the laparoscopic approach is now the gold standard." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy) 01/01/1990 - "Currently, most protocols evaluating the efficacy of gallstone lithotripsy require a visualized gallbladder on oral cholecystography (OCG)" 11/01/1992 - "Within the past 7 years, gallbladder lithotripsy by shockwaves has been proven to be a safe and effective non-invasive therapy for selected patients with gallstone disease" 09/01/1992 - "Piezoelectric lithotripsy with the EDAP LT-01 machine combined with adjuvant bile acid therapy results in complete clearance of radiolucent gallstones in selected patients" 03/01/1990 - "Densely calcified gallstone treated successfully with piezoelectric lithotripsy." 10/01/1989 - "The good results obtained in this case lead us to consider percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy a possible alternative to surgical treatment of complicated gallstones." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	Endoscopic Sphincterotomy 05/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic CBDE is an effective treatment for concurrent gallstones and common duct stones and avoids the potential morbidity of an endoscopic sphincterotomy" 05/01/1992 - "Endoscopic sphincterotomy appears to be a simple, effective and safe therapeutic modality for the management of biliary calculi." 08/01/2007 - "Endoscopic sphincterotomy in now an established procedure that is indicated in patients with common bile duct calculi" 01/01/2004 - "One patient was diagnosed with gallstone in common bile duct, successfully removed preoperatively after endoscopic sphincterotomy" 09/01/2003 - "BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine whether an endoscopic sphincterotomy affects outcome in patients with symptomatic gallstones, elevated liver function tests and a normal common bile duct on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Lasers (Laser) 09/01/1990 - "In view of the extraordinarily diverse backgrounds of researchers in the gallstone field (e.g., internists, surgeons, biochemists, physicists), we believe that the present article (which relies heavily on graphical representations) will afford a better understanding of the usefulness and limitations of laser light-scattering techniques, particularly in their applications to the study of bile." 04/01/2001 - "Tissue optical properties and laser parameters govern the mechanism(s) of fragmentation of urinary or biliary calculi" 12/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: Recent technical advances have made the use of laser energy for fragmentation of biliary calculi possible" 01/01/1991 - "Low-energy laser irradiation in the treatment of gallstones in various physico-chemical stages]" 01/01/1991 - "We conclude that laser radiation sufficient to fragment gallstones can injure the common bile duct." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
153 Therapies and Procedures and 2681 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

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