Papillomavirus Infections

Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.

Also Known As:

HPV Infection; Human Papillomavirus Infection; HPV Infections; Human Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Infection; Papillomavirus Infection, Human; Papillomavirus Infections, Human

Networked: 4871 relevant articles (362 outcomes, 726 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Infections
3.	Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Cancer of the Cervix)
4.	Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
5.	Warts (Wart)

Experts

1.	Giuliano, Anna R: 52 articles (02/2022 - 09/2002)
2.	Schiffman, Mark: 44 articles (01/2021 - 09/2002)
3.	Herrero, Rolando: 43 articles (11/2022 - 03/2002)
4.	Franco, Eduardo L: 43 articles (01/2022 - 07/2002)
5.	Hildesheim, Allan: 40 articles (07/2022 - 01/2002)
6.	Schiller, John T: 37 articles (01/2022 - 07/2003)
7.	Burk, Robert D: 32 articles (11/2022 - 05/2002)
8.	Lowy, Douglas R: 29 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
9.	Villa, Luisa L: 29 articles (10/2021 - 07/2002)
10.	Meijer, Chris J L M: 27 articles (01/2021 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Papillomavirus Infections:

1.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2021 - "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are safe and are highly effective in reducing the prevalence of HPV infections and subsequent HPV associated diseases in the target population. " 01/01/2021 - "Although human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are highly efficacious in protecting against HPV infections and related diseases, vaccination may trigger replacement by nontargeted genotypes if these compete with the vaccine-targeted types. " 01/11/2010 - "Vaccines against HPV-16 and HPV-18 are highly effective in preventing type-specific HPV infections and related cervical lesions. " 08/28/2007 - "Among women aged 15-25 years not previously infected with vaccine-type HPV strains, prophylactic HPV vaccination appears to be highly efficacious in preventing HPV infection and precancerous cervical disease. " 02/01/2006 - "Prophylactic vaccines that prevent HPV infection have proved to be safe, well tolerated, highly efficacious, and induce long-lasting immunity to HPV. "
2.	Papillomavirus Vaccines (HPV Vaccines)IBA 11/01/2006 - "Large phase 2 and 3 clinical trials with a quadrivalent preventive HPV vaccine (HPV 6/11/16/18) and phase 2 trials with a bivalent preventive HPV vaccine (HPV 16/18) have demonstrated that both products are highly efficacious in preventing type-specific HPV infections and HPV-related disease and are well tolerated. " 06/01/2022 - "Over the 18 month time-frame we studied, single-dose bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines were each highly effective in preventing incident persistent oncogenic HPV infection, similar to multidose regimens." 01/01/2019 - "HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing HPV infection, and understanding the genotypes of HPV infection can guide the utilization of HPV vaccine. " 01/01/2016 - "Only 45% of the respondents have ever heard about HPV vaccine and 37.8% of them knew that HPV vaccine is very effective in preventing HPV infection and its related precancerous/cancerous diseases. " 01/01/2020 - "Despite the availability of HPV vaccines, there remains a strong urgency to find ways to treat persistent HPV infections, as current HPV vaccines are not therapeutic for individuals already infected. "
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 09/01/2023 - "There are a number of cutting-edge strategies and potent medications or herbal formulations that can be applied topically for early clearance of HPV infection before HPV DNA gets integrated into host cell genome. " 11/01/1986 - "The discovery of HPV DNA in the parabasal cells provides important clues to the understanding of the biology of HPV infection in the squamous epithelium, and makes this improved in situ DNA hybridization technique invaluable in assessing the lesions, where low copy numbers of HPV are to be expected." 10/01/2015 - " this study, we provide evidence that the development of seroconversion in human males affected by HPV infection in the genito-urinary tract, detected by HPV-DNA presence in the semen, has beneficial effects on the clearance of a viral load. " 12/15/2005 - "This study is aimed to clarify data on the acquisition, persistence, and clearance of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA from the mucosa and the determinants of persistent mucosal HPV infection in infants. " 11/01/2016 - "Two-thirds of 152 patients treated for high-grade cervical disease, free of persistence/recurrence, and followed-up both with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and HPV genotyping cleared their high-risk HPV infection within 1year. "
4.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 01/18/2023 - "PDT treats diseases of the female lower reproductive tract associated with HPV infection: high complete remission, low recurrence, and rapid and lasting HPV clearance. " 05/01/2018 - "PDT significantly increased the complete remission rate (CRR) among those with CIN (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51 [1.23-5.12]; P = .01) and HPV infection (OR: 3.82 [1.91-7.65]; P = .0002). " 01/01/2019 - "ALA-PDT, with its advantages of high efficiency, little invasion and high safety, is effective for the treatment of condyloma acuminata with high-risk HPV infection and it can also improve cellular immunoactivity in the local tissue and reduce recurrence." 09/01/2023 - "Comprehensive evaluation of HPV infection state helps to individualize ALA-PDT treatment scheme for CA patients and predict the therapeutic efficacy." 01/18/2023 - "The PDT seems to be a non-invasive, effective, and promising treatment of female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection."
5.	Combined VaccinesIBA 11/01/2011 - "These data suggest that the quadrivalent vaccine may be effective in preventing HPV infection in these countries." 09/01/2018 - "The introduction of a nonavalent vaccine could improve protection against HPV infections and HPV-related genital dysplasia." 06/01/2013 - "Although several data about the safety and efficacy of quadrivalent vaccine are available, the implementation of proper immunization plans dedicate to male's population cannot ignore the knowledge of the characteristics of the disease in men, which in some aspects should be clarify, in particular clearance of type-specific HPV infections and transmission dynamics. " 06/01/2010 - "Protection against HPV infection and associated disease is observed for at least 6.4 years following immunization with the bivalent vaccine and for at least 8.5 years with the HPV 16L1 virus-like particle of the quadrivalent vaccine. " 05/01/2006 - "A multivalent vaccine administered to adolescents prior to the onset of sexual activity and boosted at regular intervals throughout their sexually active life may provide protection against type-specific HPV infection, malignant precursors and invasive cervical disease. "
6.	18 16 11 Types 6 Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent (Gardasil)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "We used a questionnaire including 5 sections as follows; Patients demographic information, Patients medical history, Pregnancy and lactation considerations, Gardasil prescription characteristics and HPV infection characteristics. " 03/01/2010 - "Gardasil has been shown to be safe and effective in preventing HPV infections by types 6, 11, 16, and 18; types 16 and 18 are associated with 2 high-risk types of cervical cancer and are associated with 70% of all cervical cancers. " 07/01/2006 - "Cervarix and Gardasil are effective for prevention of HPV infection and cervical lesions. " 10/13/2015 - "The quadrivalent (types 6/11/16/18) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, Gardasil, has demonstrated efficacy against persistent HPV infection and associated anogenital disease in males. " 06/01/2010 - "Two prophylactic vaccines are currently available for the prevention of genital HPV infection: a quadrivalent (Gardasil); Merck & Co. "
7.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2020 - "At Visit 1 (V1) abundance of Lactobacillus iners was associated with clearance of incident HR-HPV infections (Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)>4.0), whereas V1 Gardnerella was the dominant biomarker for HR-HPV progression (LDA>4.0). " 10/19/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether p53 IHC is a reliable surrogate marker for detecting both TP53 mutation and high-risk HPV infection in OED. " 02/23/2023 - "The results of this study will be used as the basis for developing a biomarker that can help predict the risk of developing persistent cervical HPV infection in Filipino women." 05/01/2022 - "In conjunction with prior studies, p16 does not seem to be a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in OSCC." 08/01/2019 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of these biomarkers in HPV infection due to the high-risk types such as HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 51 versus lesions that contain the low risk types HPV 2, 6 or 11. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 11/28/2021 - "The most significantly affected pathway when an incident HR-HPV infection occurred was neutrophil degranulation, and vesicle-mediated transport was the most significantly affected pathway when an HR-HPV infection was cleared; protein insertion into membrane in chronic HR-HPV lesions and in lesions where HR-HPVs were cleared were compared; and cellular catabolic process in high-grade lesions was compared to that in negative lesions. " 01/01/2019 - "These findings suggest that 3HP-β-LG targets HPV L1 protein and blocks HPV entry into the host cell, thus being safe and effective for topical application in the treatment of HPV infection." 06/17/2010 - "Vaccination with multimeric L2 fusion protein and L1 VLP or capsomeres to broaden protection against HPV infection." 09/25/2022 - "The present study sheds light into the mechanisms behind the misexpression of PDZ-polarity proteins during HPV infections. " 08/05/2022 - "The present study was conducted to detect high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in HNC patients with HPV infection. "
9.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2019 - "Many investigations, including those using intralesional antigen administrations, have demonstrated that cellular immunity plays a major role in the clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. " 12/01/2021 - "Intralesional Candida antigen has showed promising results in treating different human papillomavirus infections. " 01/01/2006 - "Spontaneous clearance of HPV infection is accompanied by humoral and cellular immune response against virus-specific antigens. " 07/01/2020 - "This study advances our understanding of humoral immune responses against HPV16 by providing insights about the influence of VLP antigen composition to measure humoral immune response against naturally acquired HPV infection." 02/01/1993 - "The results suggest that measurement of local antibody production against selected HPV antigens may be useful in the study of HPV immunology and, possibly, for the diagnosis of HPV infection."
10.	Neutralizing AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2013 - "High levels of long-lasting neutralizing antibodies are crucial for long-term protection against HPV infection. " 07/01/2005 - "Prophylactic vaccination focuses on the induction of high titer neutralizing antibodies that are potentially protective against incident and persistent HPV infection. " 07/01/2012 - "Do neutralizing antibody responses generated by human papillomavirus infections favor a better outcome of low-grade cervical lesions?" 01/01/2022 - "IMPORTANCE This is the first study testing a single monoclonal neutralizing antibody (MPV.A4) by passive immunization against papillomavirus infections at both cutaneous and mucosal sites in the same host in the mouse papillomavirus model. " 08/01/2005 - "First, prevention of HPV infection through induction of capsid-specific neutralizing antibodies has been studied in clinical trials. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/1996 - "Considering that preexisting conditions of the host are important factors in an appropriate immune response, the authors determined the pretreatment status of local cell-mediated immune response to HPV infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in patients with condyloma acuminatum, who later received IFN treatment and responded well or poorly to that therapy. " 01/01/2018 - "This study suggests that combination of high-dose IFN and red light therapy is safe and effective against subclinical and latent HPV infections." 01/01/2018 - "High-dose IFN and combination therapies were significantly effective against both low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. " 08/01/2020 - "However, there are no medical therapies recommended to promote the clearance of hr-HPV infection or CIN. " 08/20/1998 - "Our observations demonstrate that active antiretroviral therapy may result in a reduced prevalence of cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions despite the absence of clearance of HPV infection."
2.	Condoms (Condom) 10/01/2009 - "Recent studies suggest that condom use offers some but not complete protection against HPV-infection. " 01/01/2022 - "Compared with condom promotion, avoidance of multiple sexual partners seems to be more effective for preventing HPV infection. " 11/15/2010 - "Condom use is only partially protective against human papillomavirus infection. " 08/01/2013 - "Consistent condom use reduces the genital human papillomavirus burden among high-risk men: the HPV infection in men study." 07/13/2006 - "US study finds that consistent condom use protects against genital human papillomavirus infection."
3.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/18/2023 - "Efficacy of non-invasive photodynamic therapy for female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection: a comprehensive meta-analysis." 09/01/2021 - "Photodynamic therapy effectively eliminated multiple human papillomavirus infections. " 11/02/2023 - "To detect the HPV genotype and integration sites in patients with high-risk HPV infection at different stages of photodynamic therapy using nanopore technology and to evaluate the treatment effect. " 09/01/2022 - "Photodynamic therapy can significantly enhance the elimination rate of persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal women and reduce the progression of CIN1/VaIN1. " 12/01/2021 - "Multiple-type HPV infection were closely associated with CA recurrence after photodynamic therapy."
4.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 11/01/2022 - "Though HPV acquisition was not significantly lower in HAART users (0.83, 95% CI 0.40-1.70), the clearance of HPV infection was higher in WLHIV on HAART (1.41, 95% CI 1.14-1.76, I2 2.4%). " 03/01/2010 - "HAART initiation among adherent women was associated with a significant reduction in prevalence (odds ratio, 0.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.44-0.81]; P = .001), incident detection of oncogenic HPV infection (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49 [95% CI, 0.30-0.82]; P = .006), and decreased prevalence and more rapid clearance of oncogenic HPV-positive SILs (HR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.07-5.18]; P = .03). " 09/01/2003 - "Combined with the high prevalence of cervical HPV infection and CIN, current data suggest that CIN should be aggressively sought and treated in HIV-positive women, including those who have responded well to HAART with good HIV viral load suppression and increasing CD4+ levels." 11/01/2022 - "We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies that were conducted between January 1, 1996 and January 31, 2022 and reported on the association of HAART with any of the outcomes: incidence, progression, or regression of cervical lesions or acquisition or clearance of HPV infection in WLHIV. " 01/01/2012 - "HPV16/16-like and HPV18/18-like groups showed heterogeneity (p<0.05) in terms of how CD4 counts, HIV VL, and HAART affected probability of clearance of each HPV infection. "
5.	Immunotherapy 05/01/2007 - "Nevertheless, accumulating evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that the enhancement of specific and innate immune responses is effective in clearance of the human papillomavirus infection, promoting a cautious optimism regarding the achievement of an efficacious immunotherapy. " 01/01/2021 - "As of now, no registered immunotherapies are available after the HPV infection. " 07/01/2020 - "There is a strong rationale for combining immunotherapy with RCT in patients with ASCC due to its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. " 12/01/2018 - "It might be conducive to explore novel immunotherapy targeting HPV infection with HPV E7 loaded pDC." 01/01/2015 - "Immunotherapy is an attractive option for treatment of HPV infection and HPV-mediated premalignant and malignant lesions. "