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Myeloid Sarcoma (Chloroma)

An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occurs with or follows the onset of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.
Also Known As:
Chloroma; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Extramedullary Myeloid Cell Tumor; Myeloid Cell Tumor, Extramedullary; Chloromas; Granulocytic Sarcoma; Granulocytic Sarcomas; Myeloid Sarcomas; Sarcomas, Granulocytic; Sarcomas, Myeloid; Sarcoma, Granulocytic
Networked: 504 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 18 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Neoplasms (Cancer)
2. Leukemia
3. BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
4. Eosinophilia
5. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)

Experts

1. Imamura, Toshihiko: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2004)
2. Eich, Hans Theodor: 2 articles (04/2022 - 01/2018)
3. Oertel, Michael: 2 articles (04/2022 - 01/2018)
4. Fu, Jen-Fen: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2013)
5. Kato, Motohiro: 2 articles (01/2022 - 07/2012)
6. Lessi, Federica: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2017)
7. Miyachi, Mitsuru: 2 articles (01/2022 - 08/2014)
8. Shih, Lee-Yung: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2013)
9. Yen, Tzung-Hai: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2013)
10. Reikvam, Håkon: 2 articles (07/2021 - 01/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myeloid Sarcoma:
1. Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec)FDA Link
2. Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)IBA
3. Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric
4. EsterasesIBA
04/01/1979 - "Leder stain studies showed positive esterase activity, indicating granulocytic sarcoma. "
10/01/1986 - "At this stage, the original biopsies were reviewed and considered in retrospect to be granulocytic sarcoma on the basis of staining for chloracetate esterase and lysozyme. "
02/01/1989 - "A reevaluation of the electron micrographs of the skin and lymph node lesion showed primary lysosomal granules within the tumor cell cytoplasm consistent with a diagnosis of leukemic infiltrates (granulocytic sarcoma); additionally, the naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase activity of the skin lesion was positive, supporting the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. "
08/01/1975 - "In histologic sections, even the cells from poorly differentiated extramedullary lesions of chloroma or myeloblastic leukemia have been called "reticulum cells."A combined morphologic and cytochemical approach has been used to study "reticulum cells"in smears and tissue sections of neoplasms involving "histiocytes" or "reticulum cells."The cytochemical markers are: chloracetate esterase for neutrophilic granulocytes; nonspecific esterase and fluoride-resistant esterase for monocytes and histiocytes (phagocytes); tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase for the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis; pyronin for the lymphatic reticulum cells (germinal center cells). "
04/01/1989 - "In addition to hematoxylin and eosin, myeloperoxidase stain and specific stains for lysozyme and esterase were helpful in confirming the histologic diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. "
5. Coloring Agents (Dyes)IBA
6. AntibodiesIBA
7. HLA-DR Antigens (HLA-DR)IBA
01/01/2000 - "The case was referred with a diagnosis of "rule out granulocytic sarcoma versus megakaryocytic malignancy" due to the morphology and a limited flow cytometric immunophenotypic (FCI) panel that had been performed and revealed expression of CD45, HLA-DR, and CD13. "
01/01/2011 - "Pathological analysis of the tumor mass showed an infiltrate of immature cells which were positive for CD13, CD33, CD15, CD11b, and CD64, and negative for CD34, CD117, and HLA-DR. The patient achieved complete remission following a 1-week course of chemotherapy, however, 7 months later she developed a second granulocytic sarcoma in the left soleus muscle. "
10/24/2018 - "Immunohistochemistry, using a panel of antibodies to CD33, CD68, HLA-DR, and lysozyme, supported the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma or extramedullary acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M5). "
11/01/2000 - "The present study was designed to evaluate the lineage differentiation (particularly monocytic differentiation) of immature myeloid cells in granulocytic sarcoma (GS) by immunohistochemistry and correlate the results with lineage differentiation of blasts in the bone marrow and to determine the degree of maturation of the infiltrating myeloid cells in GS by immunohistochemistry using CD34 and HLA-DR. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from 17 GS lesions with lineage-associated markers: myeloperoxidase, CD68 (KP1), CD68 (PG-Ml), glycophorin A, factor VIII, and CD56; and with markers for blasts and immature myeloid cells: CD34 and HLA-DR. Our results show that positive staining with PG-M1, but not KP1, suggests monocytic differentiation of myeloid cells in GS and correlates with the monocytic differentiation of blasts in the bone marrow. "
8. Muramidase (Lysozyme)IBA
9. venetoclaxIBA
10. EnzymesIBA

Therapies and Procedures

1. Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2. Therapeutics
3. Radiotherapy
4. Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5. Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation)