Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia)

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5355 relevant articles (595 outcomes, 656 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.

Also Known As:

Dyskinesia; Asterixis; Involuntary Movement; Hemiballismus; Involuntary Movements; Abnormal Movements; Abnormal Movement; Ballismus; Hemiballism; Movement, Abnormal; Movement, Involuntary; Movements, Abnormal; Movements, Involuntary

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
2.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia)
3.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism)
4.	Tremor (Tremors)
5.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)

Experts

1.	Jenner, Peter: 14 articles (09/2008 - 09/2002)
2.	Bédard, Paul J: 14 articles (07/2008 - 02/2002)
3.	Di Paolo, Thérèse: 12 articles (07/2008 - 02/2002)
4.	Jackson, Michael J: 12 articles (12/2007 - 09/2002)
5.	Brotchie, J M: 12 articles (01/2007 - 04/2000)
6.	Brotchie, Jonathan M: 11 articles (07/2008 - 08/2003)
7.	Bezard, Erwan: 11 articles (07/2008 - 11/2003)
8.	Rascol, O: 11 articles (05/2008 - 04/2000)
9.	Cenci, M Angela: 11 articles (10/2007 - 07/2002)
10.	Lin, Chao-Cheng: 10 articles (02/2008 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dyskinesias:

1.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "The most important questions to be answered by such studies are: (1) Is the benefit derived from addon medication greater than that which could be brought about by further levodopa titration alone?, and (2) Can 'off' time be decreased and motor function improved without a proportionate increase in unwanted dyskinesia? " 06/01/2006 - "Levodopa remains the most effective agent for relief of motor symptoms, but long-term levodopa use is associated with development of motor complications, including severe dyskinesias. " 02/01/2001 - "Although L-DOPA treatment provides the most effective symptomatic relief for PD it does not prevent the progression of the disease, and its long-term use is associated with the onset of dyskinesia. " 02/01/1998 - "Stimulation of the most ventral contacts, lying at the ventral margin of or just below the GPi, led to pronounced improvement in rigidity and a complete arrest of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. " 01/01/1992 - "The L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, gait and speech improved in most patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 12/01/1982 - "Ironically, neuroleptics are the most consistently effective treatment of tardive dyskinesia. " 01/01/1979 - "Paradoxically, the most effective treatment for suppressing dyskinesia is administration of neuroleptics. " 02/01/1999 - "The arrival of atypical antipsychotics has markedly improved the outlook: atypical antipsychotics are emerging as effective treatments and may also reduce the prevalence and incidence of tardive dyskinesia. " 07/01/1993 - "Furthermore, tardive dyskinesia may be less likely to develop if the neuroleptics used are less potent against D2 receptors, as has been reported for some of the atypical antipsychotic drugs." 08/01/1999 - "Atypical antipsychotic agents would appear to have significant benefits in the treatment of this group of patients, given the particular vulnerability of the elderly to extrapyramidal adverse effects, notably tardive dyskinesia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1984 - "With this in mind, the authors present the case of a 32-year-old chronically institutionalized schizophrenic who showed a remarkable improvement in both tardive dyskinesia and psychotic symptoms following an open trial of clozapine, 900 mg daily. " 07/01/1994 - "We conclude that clozapine is an effective agent for suppression of dyskinesias in PD with an effective daily dose for most patients of 100-200 mg/day." 01/01/1994 - "Clozapine, the best studied of these agents, is also superior in efficacy with regard to psychopathology and cognitive function and has been shown not to cause tardive dyskinesia. " 09/01/1993 - "With the advent of clozapine, patients with preexisting tardive dyskinesia began therapy and their symptoms did not worsen--and, in many cases, their symptoms improved dramatically. " 03/01/1996 - "Sixteen months of clozapine treatment led to significant reduction of symptomatology with marked improvement in social functioning and diminished tardive dyskinesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2005 - "Thus, this study suggests that diminished buffering capacity for dopamine could play a role in the development of dyskinesias, and that an endogenous mechanism might exist that ameliorates dyskinesias." 07/01/2008 - "The present study was aimed at assessing behavioral and biochemical correlates of intense or mild dyskinesia displayed by the different dopamine (DA) receptors stimulation in a rat model of PD. " 05/01/2004 - "Finally, a number of independent studies point to a significant effect of a dopamine D(3) receptor polymorphism on susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia. " 09/01/1988 - "Recent observations from human and animal studies indicate that the traditional dopamine supersensitivity theory in tardive dyskinesia (TD) is insufficient. " 01/01/1988 - "The purpose of this study was to characterize the dopaminergic system in the mouse cerebellum and to determine whether the dyskinesia of the reeler mutant is accompanied by alterations in cerebellar and/or striatal dopamine binding. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Vitamin E FDA Link 11/01/1999 - "In other studies, dosages >/=400 IU vitamin E/d were found to be beneficial in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, although this finding was not confirmed in a larger cooperative study conducted by the Veterans Administration. " 04/01/1996 - "RESULTS: There was a significant reduction of dyskinesia in the vitamin E group, but not the placebo group, on both the mAIMS and the instrumental assessments. " 09/01/1993 - "RESULTS: The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores of the patients treated with vitamin E improved significantly compared to the scores of the patients given placebo. " 12/01/1988 - "Animals that received 2 g/kg vitamin E concurrently with 100 mg/kg IDPN for 10 days demonstrated a significantly reduced severity of IDPN-induced dyskinesia (as measured by vertical head movements) compared to animals that received IDPN alone. " 12/01/1999 - "The anti-oxidant vitamin E has been reported to be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1994 - "Of 22 patients who had been on bromocriptine monotherapy for 7 years (group B), 16 remained improved or remained in the same stages of Hoehn and Yahr, and no wearing-off phenomenon or dyskinesia was observed. " 10/01/1985 - "Twelve patients with a long-standing history of moderate to severe symptoms of tardive dyskinesia, which had remained stable for several months, participated in a 6-week trial with bromocriptine. " 09/01/1977 - "Dyskinesia, occurring during bromocriptine treatment in 9 of 11 patients, disappeared within the period of study in 6 patients after dose reduction without changes in Parkinson disability scores to placebo level. " 01/01/2008 - "Ergots (apart from bromocriptine) stimulate the DA D(1) subreceptor and increase dyskinesia. " 02/12/2007 - "Only AIMs, however, provided a specific measure of dyskinesia since rotations also were induced by bromocriptine, a drug with low dyskinesiogenic potential. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2000 - "Haloperidol was effective for the involuntary movements, and he became well. " 07/01/2005 - "Involuntary movements improved on treatment with haloperidol up to 4.5 mg/day. " 09/01/2003 - "This study evaluates the 12-month incidence of tardive dyskinesia in subjects with first-episode psychosis who were treated with very low doses of haloperidol. " 08/01/2002 - "The goals of this study were to determine if the density of dopaminergic terminals was affected by chronic haloperidol treatment and/or correlated with dyskinesias. " 12/01/2000 - "Since NO and cGMP are involved in striatal neural plasticity, this study investigates a possible relation between cGMP and extrapyramidal symptoms as early predictors of haloperidol-associated tardive dyskinesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa)IBA 01/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to detect the presence of gene GCH-I mutation in our population in patients with dopa-responsive dystonic dyskinesia and to analyse clinical specificity of the affected. " 01/01/1989 - "On the Hoehn and Yahr scale 70.8% of patients were classified as between stages II and IV, 24.6% were in stage I and 4.6% were in stage V. Dopa-induced involuntary movements were observed in 60% of patients at the beginning of the trial but were present in only 25% at the completion, due to the dopa-sparing effect of BC allowing a reduction of the dose of LD by an average of 34%. " 08/01/2004 - "However, after an initial period of dramatic benefit, several limitations become apparent including, "dopa resistant" motor symptoms (postural abnormalities, freezing episodes, speech impairment), "dopa resistant" non-motor signs (autonomic dysfunction, mood and cognitive impairment, etc), and/or drug related side effects (especially psychosis, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias). " 12/01/2001 - "Dopa-induced dyskinesia can be attenuated effectively by the direct and/or indirect effects of DBS therapy. " 10/01/2000 - "In addition, GPi stimulation has its own inhibitory effect on dopa-induced dyskinesia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 02/01/1998 - "Marked improvement in tardive dyskinesia following treatment with olanzapine in an elderly subject." 07/01/2008 - "However, the question whether olanzapine treats, ameliorates, or masks preexisting tardive dyskinesia was difficult to answer, as no dosage reduction or withdrawal was undertaken." 12/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: The results of this open label naturalistic trial showed that olanzapine had an impact on negative symptoms, decreased general psychopathology and reduced the risk of tardive dyskinesia." 07/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that olanzapine may be a treatment option for subjects with tardive dyskinesia. " 04/01/2007 - "A 6-month longitudinal study of early-onset tardive dyskinesia: association with olanzapine treatment and mild cognitive impairment in an elderly woman." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	ApomorphineIBA 02/01/1994 - "Apomorphine was effective in reducing the duration of diphasic dyskinesias at doses higher than the threshold doses necessary to induce an "on" phase (mean increase: 43%). " 02/01/1994 - "In two patients, apomorphine remained effective in the morning, but increased the intensity of the dyskinesias in the afternoon. " 03/01/2005 - "Animals receiving apomorphine rods showed improved motor function ('ON' state) within 1 day of implantation, and remained continually 'ON' for the duration of treatment (up to 6 months) without developing dyskinesias. " 02/01/1986 - "Apomorphine has been reported to have therapeutic effects in previous studies but, we were not able to confirm any significant and specific differences in psychotic symptoms or tardive dyskinesia scores with apomorphine administration, compared with placebo. " 11/01/1979 - "Previous studies comparing the magnitude of these responses in schizophrenics and controls suggest that many acute (and some chronic) schizophrenics have exaggerated hGH responses; many chronic schizophrenics (and patients with tardive dyskinesia) have blunted hGH responses to apomorphine, and possibly blunted PRL responses. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Pallidotomy 05/15/2009 - "Then she started having opisthotonus lasting 20 seconds to an hour several times/day, but over 6 years abnormal movements are markedly improved, and not returned to pre-pallidotomy level. " 11/01/1997 - "The efficacy of surgery in the case of hemiballismus demonstrates that pallidotomy can be an effective treatment for this condition and suggests that patterned neuronal activity in the GPi is important in the mechanism of hyperkinetic disorders." 04/01/2000 - "Even when positive clinical results of GPi pallidotomy have recently been reported from several centers, the patients seem to have improved relatively little, the dyskinesias excepted, and the rate of side effects has been quite high. " 02/01/2000 - "RESULTS: According to Visual Analog Scale scores, unilateral pallidotomy significantly improved dyskinesias (P < 0.05) but no other symptoms. " 07/01/1999 - "After pallidotomy there was a significant reduction in the involuntary movement associated with these disorders and a more normal pattern of electromyographic activity during rest and movement. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 10/09/1997 - "RESULTS: The percent improvements at six months were as follows: off-period score for overall motor function, 28 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 19 to 38 percent), with most of the improvement in the contralateral limbs; off-period score for activities of daily living, 29 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 19 to 39 percent); on-period score for contralateral dyskinesias, 82 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 72 to 91 percent); and on-period score for ipsilateral dyskinesias, 44 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 59 percent). " 12/01/1990 - "During the course of this study, a statistically significant improvement was noted in percent "on" time, percent "on" time without dyskinesia, activity of daily living (ADL) scores during the "on" stages, and ADL, motor, and Schwab-England scores during the "off" stages. " 10/01/2005 - "Stimulation improved cardinal features and activities of daily living (ADL) (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.02 for STN and GPi, respectively) and prolonged the 'on' time spent with good mobility without dyskinesias (P < 0.00001). " 07/01/2002 - "Three years postoperatively, GPi stimulation led to a significant improvement of dyskinesia severity (50%, P = 0.05) and activities of daily living (subscore of quality of life scale, 9%, P = 0.05). " 07/01/2002 - "The results 12 months after surgery off medication showed significant improvement in both UPDRS motor score and activities of daily living of 64% and, on medication, a significant reduction of 86% in duration of dyskinesias and 83% in duration of off-periods. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/1994 - "This means that abnormal movements that could injure the autologous grafts were eliminated. " 10/01/2007 - "Then the issues pertinent to its adoption in the clinic are discussed, including the ethical and practical problems with its use, the varied composition of VM tissue that is implanted with the graft and how this may account for some of the problems seen in the clinical trials using this tissue, especially graft-induced dyskinesia. " 05/01/2004 - "However, recent fetal transplant trials have failed to show expected benefit and have been complicated by medication dyskinesias". " 11/15/2002 - "Patients in the study were selected because they experienced motor fluctuations, and the transplant did not improve dyskinesias or the time required to remain "on" medication for any subgroup of patients, including young patients. " 01/01/2001 - "Long-term monitoring for toxicity, such as the development of dyskinesias, will be needed, and dose-escalation trials should be performed slowly due to the irreversible nature of transplants. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Injections 09/01/2004 - "Thus regarding the origin of the circuits within the striatum, tracer injections performed in the dyskinesia site labelled neurons located in the posterior sensorimotor putamen, those performed in the hyperactivity and/or attention deficit labelled neurons in the laterodorsal putamen and caudate nucleus, regions corresponding to associative and anterior motor territories, while those performed in the stereotyped behaviour site labelled neurons in the ventral limbic striatum. " 10/01/1994 - "Subjects with tardive dyskinesia were randomly assigned to single-blind placebo injections for 1 week, followed by 1 month of double-blind intramuscular placebo or GM1 100 mg. The final sample included 29 patients: 12 younger than 55 years of age and 17 older. " 01/01/1994 - "Ten patients with complicated PD involving fluctuations in mobility and dyskinesia were treated with subcutaneous APM (1 with continuous infusion and 9 with multiple injections). " 04/12/1991 - "Twenty patients were followed up for more than one year: in nine of them the interval between courses of injections, the dose being unaltered, remained the same (12-14 weeks), but thereafter the abnormal movements returned with the same severity as before treatment. " 04/15/1989 - "Patients given placebo injections experienced fewer extrapyramidal side effects and showed a trend towards a reduction in tardive dyskinesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Deep Brain Stimulation 08/01/2009 - "Deep brain stimulation has been shown to be effective to treat severe tardive dyskinesias. " 08/15/2009 - "The treatment of persistent vascular hemidystonia-hemiballismus with unilateral GPi deep brain stimulation." 08/15/2009 - "Pallidal deep brain stimulation in belly dancer's dyskinesia." 06/01/2009 - "Deep brain stimulation for involuntary movement]" 05/01/2009 - "Targeting the subthalamic area using deep brain stimulation has been regaining interest as a therapy for various types of involuntary movements. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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