Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Syndrome)

A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)

Also Known As:

Asperger's Syndrome; Aspergers Syndrome; Asperger's Disorder; Asperger Disease; Asperger Disorder; Asperger's Disease; Asperger Diseases; Asperger Disorders; Asperger's Diseases; Aspergers Disease; Aspergers Disorder; Disease, Asperger; Disease, Asperger's; Diseases, Asperger; Diseases, Asperger's; Disorder, Asperger; Disorder, Asperger's; Disorders, Asperger; Syndrome, Asperger; Syndrome, Asperger's

Networked: 181 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 50 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 24177
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: 3095
  - Pervasive Child Development Disorders: 8
    - Autism Spectrum Disorder: 6374
      - Asperger Syndrome: 181

Related Diseases

1.	Autistic Disorder (Autism)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive)
4.	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (Insomnia)
5.	Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder)

Experts

1.	McDougle, Christopher J: 6 articles (08/2012 - 10/2006)
2.	Baron-Cohen, Simon: 5 articles (01/2014 - 08/2006)
3.	Posey, David J: 5 articles (08/2012 - 10/2006)
4.	Hollander, Eric: 5 articles (12/2011 - 01/2003)
5.	Rinehart, Nicole J: 4 articles (04/2015 - 04/2010)
6.	Tonge, Bruce J: 4 articles (04/2015 - 04/2010)
7.	Wasserman, Stacey: 4 articles (12/2011 - 09/2004)
8.	Cartwright, C: 4 articles (07/2001 - 02/2000)
9.	Hollander, E: 4 articles (07/2001 - 02/2000)
10.	Anagnostou, Evdokia: 3 articles (09/2016 - 02/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Asperger Syndrome:

1.	Aripiprazole (Abilify)FDA Link 12/01/2011 - "Aripiprazole Improved Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Asperger's Disorder." 08/01/2012 - "Electrocardiographic data were collected from children and adolescents participating in a 14-week, prospective, open-label study (n=25) of aripiprazole for irritability in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder. " 06/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole for irritability in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger's disorder. " 06/01/2009 - "Aripiprazole in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder: a 14-week, prospective, open-label study." 12/01/2011 - "This case report supports the effectiveness of aripiprazole in treatment of obsessive compulsive symptoms in Asperger's Disorder or ASDs. "
2.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2005 - "Open-label risperidone for Asperger's disorder: negative symptom spectrum response." 12/01/2005 - "We investigated whether risperidone, which is effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, would improve such symptoms observed in Asperger's disorder in a prospective, open-label trial. " 10/01/2014 - "An observational cohort study of 40 children (34 males, six females; median age 7y range 3-18y) with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, or Asperger syndrome diagnosed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and treated with risperidone for at least 3 months. " 07/01/2009 - "[Hyperprolactinemia in a child diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and hyperkinetic disorder treated with risperidone]." 02/01/2002 - "Charts for 106 children and adolescents (males n = 81 or 76.4%; females n = 25 or 23.6%), presenting with attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (n = 49 or 46.2%), conduct disorder (n = 13 or 12.3%), oppositional-defiant disorder (n = 5 or 4.7%), behavioural problems not otherwise specified (n = 2 or 1.9%), autism (n = 8 or 7.5%), Asperger's syndrome (n = 8 or 7.5%), pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) not otherwise specified (n = 4 or 3.8%), anxiety (n = 6 or 5.7%), depression (n = 2 or 1.9%), dysthymia (n = 2 or 1.9%), schizophrenia (n = 4 or 3.8%), adjustment disorder (n = 1 or 0.9%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 2 or 1.9%) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the tolerability and potential efficacy of risperidone treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. "
3.	5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor (5 HT2A Receptor)IBA 05/01/2006 - "People with Asperger's syndrome had a significant reduction in cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding in the total, anterior, and posterior cingulate; bilaterally in the frontal and superior temporal lobes; and in the left parietal lobe. " 05/01/2006 - "The authors' findings suggest that adults with Asperger's syndrome have abnormalities in cortical 5-HT2A receptor density and that this deficit may underlie some clinical symptoms." 05/01/2006 - "Cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding and social communication in adults with Asperger's syndrome: an in vivo SPECT study." 05/01/2006 - "The authors investigated cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding in eight adults with Asperger's syndrome and in 10 healthy comparison subjects with single photon emission computed tomography and the selective 5-HT2A receptor ligand 123I iodinated 4-amino-N-[1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-4-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-5-iodo-2-methoxybenzamide (123I-5-I-R91150). " 12/30/2011 - "The 5-HT(2A) receptor and serotonin transporter in Asperger's disorder: A PET study with [¹¹C]MDL 100907 and [¹¹C]DASB."
4.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2003 - "In this open clinical trial, the effectiveness of melatonin was studied in a sample of 15 children with Asperger disorder (13 boys, 2 girls) aged 6-17 years using several questionnaires and actigraph measurements. " 01/01/2003 - "Effectiveness of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disturbances in children with Asperger disorder." 01/01/2003 - "In conclusion, melatonin may provide an interesting new and well-tolerated treatment option for children with Asperger disorder suffering from chronic insomnia. " 09/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to investigate melatonin-related findings in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorders, not otherwise specified. "
5.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 11/01/2018 - "Patients with autism or Asperger syndrome were more likely to receive an antipsychotic medication compared to not having these conditions (75% vs. 28%, respectively). " 11/01/2013 - "Second generation antipsychotics in Asperger's Disorder and high functioning autism: a systematic review of the literature and effectiveness of meta-analysis." 01/01/2012 - "Asperger's disorder, neuroleptics induced tardive dyskinesia, and restless legs syndrome. " 01/01/2012 - "In a pilot investigation, we administered YGS as an open-label adjunct to antipsychotic medication to patients with treatment-resistant shizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, Charles Bonnet Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger's disorder, neuroleptics induced tardive dyskinesia. " 03/01/1990 - "Subsequently neither haloperidol nor a second antipsychotic drug altered the core features of Asperger's syndrome, despite suppressing the movement disorder. "
6.	ZincIBA 01/01/2011 - "Plasma from 79 autistic individuals, 52 individuals with PDD-NOS, 21 individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (all meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), and 18 age and gender similar neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. " 01/01/2011 - "These results suggest an association between copper and zinc plasma levels and individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger's Syndrome. " 05/01/2009 - "A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and Asperger's syndrome. " 01/01/2011 - "To assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder, and to analyze the efficacy of zinc therapy on the normalization of zinc and copper levels and symptom severity in these disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism."
7.	CopperIBA 01/01/2011 - "Plasma from 79 autistic individuals, 52 individuals with PDD-NOS, 21 individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (all meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), and 18 age and gender similar neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. " 01/01/2011 - "These results suggest an association between copper and zinc plasma levels and individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger's Syndrome. " 05/01/2009 - "A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and Asperger's syndrome. " 01/01/2011 - "To assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder, and to analyze the efficacy of zinc therapy on the normalization of zinc and copper levels and symptom severity in these disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism."
8.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2016 - "To evaluate the efficacy of metformin for weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents with ASD (defined in the protocol as DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified), aged 6 to 17 years. "
9.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Treatment with diazepam improved his condition and, as no causal disorders other than Asperger's disorder were identified, he was diagnosed with catatonia. "
10.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2014 - "Here, we report a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined the neural and behavioral effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin on emotion recognition in individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS), a clinical condition characterized by impaired eye gaze and facial emotion recognition. " 08/01/2013 - "The present study examined the effects of oxytocin on the neural basis of face processing in adults with Asperger syndrome (AS). " 02/01/2014 - "Oxytocin promotes facial emotion recognition and amygdala reactivity in adults with asperger syndrome." 01/01/2003 - "This study examined the impact of oxytocin on repetitive behaviors in 15 adults with autism or Asperger's disorder via randomized double-blind oxytocin and placebo challenges. " 10/01/2022 - "We searched four databases for relevant documents (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using the keywords "autism spectrum disorder", "Asperger Syndrome", "oxytocin", and "fMRI". "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2017 - "Misdiagnosing Asperger syndrome creates severe problems by preventing effective therapy. " 02/01/2017 - "The therapist refutes the RAD diagnosis, endorsing Asperger's syndrome (AS) instead and notes that Alex is making good progress in school and in therapy, where he is learning pragmatic skills and basic social skills with the use of social stories.Where" 03/01/2016 - "There is a growing interest in using cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with people who have Asperger syndrome and comorbid mental health problems. " 07/01/2015 - "The results are discussed with reference to psychological models of Asperger's syndrome, cognitive models of anxiety and implications for psychological therapy for this group. " 03/01/2015 - "Asperger's syndrome: diagnosis, comorbidity and therapy."
2.	Occupational Therapy (Therapy, Occupational) 09/01/2019 - "This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims at evaluating the efficacy of Occupational therapy (OT) interventions in Asperger's syndrome (AS) pediatric patients. " 09/01/2019 - "Occupational Therapy's efficacy in children with Asperger's syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." 01/01/2022 - "The research directions include "DCD," "Asperger syndrome," "memory," "infant," "clumsiness," "neurodevelopmental disorder," "occupational therapy," "preschool children," "motor competence," "model," and "online control." Future research should focus on motor imagery and intrinsic models and use more neurophysiological techniques to reveal the cognitive characteristics of children with DCD and develop intervention programs."
3.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 03/01/2007 - "We describe the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in reducing seizure severity as well as improving the behavioral components of his Asperger syndrome. " 03/01/2007 - "Effects of vagus nerve stimulation in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy and Asperger syndrome: case report and review of the literature."
4.	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 01/01/2014 - "Consistent with this claim, previous studies indicate that adults with Asperger's Syndrome show an abnormally extended modulation of corticospinal excitability following a train of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). " 07/01/2011 - "In the present study we tested the hypothesis that, in subjects with Asperger's syndrome (ASP), the dynamics of language-related regions might be abnormal, so that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over Broca's area leads to differential behavioral effects as seen in neurotypical controls. " 08/01/2010 - "This study examined motor cortical inhibition and excitability in HFA and Asperger disorder using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). " 09/01/2012 - "As a possible index of plasticity, we assessed the modulation of motor corticospinal excitability in individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). " 08/01/2010 - "A preliminary transcranial magnetic stimulation study of cortical inhibition and excitability in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder."
5.	Play Therapy (Therapy, Play) 03/01/2019 - "To study the clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in preschool children with Asperger syndrome (AS). " 03/01/2019 - "[Clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in children with Asperger syndrome]." 11/01/2009 - "I will discuss a case of my own with Asperger's syndrome in which union and separation in the play therapy occurred simultaneously. "