Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis)

Any autoimmune animal disease model used in the study of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS. Injection with purified neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (see RECEPTORS, CHOLINERGIC) components results in a myasthenic syndrome that has acute and chronic phases. The motor endplate pathology, loss of acetylcholine receptors, presence of circulating anti-AChR antibodies, and electrophysiologic changes make this condition virtually identical to human myasthenia gravis. Passive transfer of AChR antibodies or lymphocytes from afflicted animals to normals induces passive transfer experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch 54, p3)

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Networked: 540 relevant articles (30 outcomes, 55 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Myasthenia Gravis
2.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease)
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
4.	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Autoimmune Diabetes)
5.	Multiple Sclerosis

Experts

1.	Christadoss, Premkumar: 28 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
2.	Duan, Rui-Sheng: 20 articles (07/2021 - 12/2002)
3.	Tüzün, Erdem: 20 articles (07/2017 - 07/2002)
4.	Fuchs, Sara: 19 articles (11/2014 - 05/2002)
5.	Souroujon, Miriam C: 18 articles (11/2014 - 05/2002)
6.	Feferman, Tali: 15 articles (12/2012 - 05/2002)
7.	Li, Heng: 14 articles (07/2021 - 09/2013)
8.	Zhang, Min: 14 articles (11/2019 - 09/2013)
9.	Yang, Huan: 13 articles (07/2019 - 07/2002)
10.	Li, Xiao-Li: 12 articles (07/2021 - 09/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis:

1.	Cholinergic ReceptorsIBA 05/12/2014 - "Improved methodology to obtain large quantities of correctly folded recombinant N-terminal extracellular domain of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor for inducing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats." 01/01/2022 - "In vivo rat studies showed that the QSDH drug formulary reduced Lennon's clinical score and decreased acetylcholine receptor antibody levels in peripheral blood rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. " 11/01/2010 - "In the current study, we investigated whether naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, separated by immunomagnetic anti-CD4 and anti-CD25 Abs from naive animals, are able to protect from experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and modify the progression of ongoing disease when administered to Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-immunized Lewis rats. " 06/01/1998 - "To study the involvement of B cells in the immune response to acetylcholine receptor (AChR), B-cell-deficient (mu mutant) and control wild-type C57BL/6 mice were immunized with AChR and assessed for clinical and immunopathological manifestations of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 03/01/1995 - "The overall goal of this study was to determine, during induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats, the relative importance of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-reactive helper T cells associated with one particular immunodominant fine specificity. "
2.	AutoantibodiesIBA 11/15/2017 - "Specific removal of autoantibodies by extracorporeal immunoadsorption ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." 10/01/2000 - "Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), an autoantibody-mediated T cell-dependent neuromuscular disorder, represents an animal model for myasthenia gravis in human. " 05/01/2014 - "Delivery of an miR155 inhibitor by anti-CD20 single-chain antibody into B cells reduces the acetylcholine receptor-specific autoantibodies and ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." 01/01/2004 - "Autoantibodies to the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cause the symptoms of human and experimental myasthenia gravis (EMG). " 09/15/1998 - "Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), a disorder of the neuromuscular junction, is mediated by autoantibodies against muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). "
3.	Peptides (Polypeptides)IBA 01/01/2018 - "SPF female Lewis rats were administered Rat 97-116 peptides to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 12/01/2005 - "Indeed, Cat S null mice are resistant to I-Ab-restricted experimental myasthenia gravis due to inadequate peptide presentation. " 07/01/2004 - "Immunodominant T and B cell determinants did not induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), although immunization resulted in strong Th1 and B cell responses, which could be mapped with overlapping peptides of the nAChR epsilon-subunit in eight different rat strains. " 01/01/2004 - "Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rabbits were induced by Ta183-200 peptide. " 09/01/2003 - "Immunization with rat-, but not Torpedo-derived 97-116 peptide of the AChR alpha-subunit induces experimental myasthenia gravis in Lewis rat."
4.	Interleukin-9 (Interleukin 9)IBA 10/01/2018 - "Exogenous IL-9 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms in Rats." 11/01/2014 - "Neutralization of interleukin-9 ameliorates symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats by decreasing effector T cells and altering humoral responses." 10/01/2018 - "Our early study determined that IL-9 and Th9 cells participate in and promote the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 11/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-9 and Th9 cells promote the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). "
5.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)IBA 10/01/1992 - "In the search for a new drug to treat myasthenia gravis, we studied the efficacy of new immunosuppressants on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 11/01/2002 - "The immunosuppressant LF 15-0195 prevents experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Brown-Norway rats." 01/01/2020 - "The immunosuppressant fingolimod ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating T-cell balance and cytokine secretion." 10/01/1992 - "Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with new immunosuppressants: 15-deoxyspergualin and actinobolin." 04/01/2005 - "Prophylactic oral administration of a novel immunomodulator (immunosuppressant), FTY720 (1 mg/kg, three times a week), completely prevented the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in C57BL/6 mice. "
6.	CytokinesIBA 04/15/2015 - "We found that UA ameliorated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), a rat model of MG. Although both the low and high doses of UA shifted Th17 to Th2 cytokines, other mechanisms were dose dependent. " 11/01/1996 - "Autoreactive T cell responses and cytokine patterns reflect resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Wistar Furth rats." 01/01/2017 - "An array of cytokines influences the pathogenesis of early onset myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 01/01/2016 - "Astilbin ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by decreased Th17 cytokines and up-regulated T regulatory cells." 02/28/2019 - "Objective To analyze the levels of cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-10) associated with Th1 and Th2 cells in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice model of ocular experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (oEAMG) induced by recombinant H-AChR γ subunit immunization.Methods"
7.	EN101IBA 05/01/2006 - "Using stimulated-single fiber electromyography, we show that EN101 treatment of rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), improved the mean consecutive difference (MCD) and blocking for 24h. " 10/01/2006 - "In rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, oral delivery of Monarsen improved muscle action potential in a lower dose regimen (nanomolar versus micromolar), rapid and prolonged manner (up to 72 h versus 2-4 h) as compared with the currently used small molecule anticholinesterases. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 02/25/2020 - "In this study, we recombined rat OPN protein in vitro, and assessed how OPN affects the development of autoimmunity using an experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rat model. " 11/01/2007 - "To study the modulation of Jianjining Recipe (JJNR), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine for invigorating spleen and kidney on differential protein expression in spleen of rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 01/01/2017 - "A Novel Approach to Reinstating Tolerance in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Using a Targeted Fusion Protein, mCTA1-T146." 11/01/2007 - "[Modulation of Jianjining Recipe on differential protein expression in rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis]." 12/01/1993 - "The gene expression of AChR and of other muscle-specific proteins is regulated in a similar manner in passively transferred experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and in AChR-induced EAMG. "
9.	Fingolimod Hydrochloride (FTY720)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of fingolimod on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. " 01/01/2018 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FTY720 in MG. A total of 60 healthy female Lewis rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Control group, Model group of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), 0.5 mg/kg FTY720-treatment EAMG group and 1.0 mg/kg FTY720‑treatment EAMG group. " 07/01/2021 - "Prophylactic administration of fingolimod (FTY720) ameliorated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by reducing the number of dendritic cells, follicular T helper cells and antibody-secreting cells." 01/01/2020 - "In conclusion, our results suggest that fingolimod has a preventive effect on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by interfering with lymphocyte function." 01/01/2020 - "However, the mechanism underlying fingolimod's action on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis is still far from clear. "
10.	Nicotinic Receptors (Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor)IBA 02/01/1999 - "The authors performed the study to establish an animal model of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) by immunizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and to understand CD5+ B-lymphocyte changes in peripheral blood of EAMGs. " 07/15/1993 - "Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis is induced in C57BL/6 mice by injection of Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (TAChR). " 01/15/1993 - "The main immunogenic region (MIR) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is an immunodominant area of the molecule, both in human and in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. " 08/31/1992 - "A quantitative evaluation was made of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the motor end-plates in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 02/01/1992 - "In experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis anti-rat nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titers correlated significantly with the AChR-antibody complexes found in muscle. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/15/1996 - "IFN-alpha therapy is effective in suppressing the clinical experimental myasthenia gravis." 01/01/2015 - "This study aims to observe the effect of natural killer T (NKT) cell activation on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model by injecting mice with α-GalCer in enterocoelia at different times, thus to provide a new therapy for EAMG. " 09/01/2014 - "Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a potential therapy for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." 09/01/2010 - "Here, we tested the hypothesis that MSC from human bone marrow (hMSC) can provide a potential therapy for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 06/01/1983 - "Prevention and therapy with electrolectin of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rabbits."
2.	Intraperitoneal Injections 01/01/2019 - "Intraperitoneal injection of Fasudil ameliorated the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats and restored the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg subsets. " 03/01/2000 - "Some study results indicate that mucosal tolerance induced by appropriate recombinant peptide fragments of human AChR is effective in suppressing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and might be considered as a therapeutic modality for patients with MG. A peptide of the heat-shock protein 60 molecule, designated peptide p277, was shown to be a target of T cells in autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, and intraperitoneal injections of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) peptide 524-543 delayed the onset of diabetes and significantly reduced its incidence. "
3.	Intranasal Administration 10/01/2000 - "We recently demonstrated that oral or nasal administration of recombinant fragments of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) prevents the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and suppresses ongoing EAMG in rats. " 12/01/1998 - "Tolerance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by nasal administration of microgram amounts of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) has been reported. " 05/01/1998 - "Nasal administration of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) to Lewis rats prior to induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is highly efficient in prevention of clinical weakness, and suppression of AChR-specific T and B cell responses. " 04/01/1998 - "Nasal tolerance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: tolerance reversal by nasal administration of minute amounts of interferon-gamma." 04/01/1995 - "Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by nasal administration of acetylcholine receptor."
4.	Lymphatic Irradiation 09/01/1990 - "Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) is effective in the immunosuppressive treatment of human and experimental autoimmune disorders, including experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). " 07/01/1988 - "Treatment of experimental myasthenia gravis with total lymphoid irradiation." 09/01/1990 - "Total lymphoid irradiation and antigen-specific tolerance: future therapy for experimental myasthenia gravis?"
5.	Immunotherapy 12/01/2012 - "Regulatory T cell-based immunotherapies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." 10/15/2012 - "Specific immunotherapy of experimental myasthenia gravis in vitro and in vivo: the Guided Missile strategy." 04/01/2010 - "Specific immunotherapy of experimental myasthenia gravis by a novel mechanism." 09/01/2003 - "Specific immunotherapy of experimental myasthenia by genetically engineered APCs: the "guided missile" strategy." 03/15/2001 - "Specific immunotherapy of experimental myasthenia gravis in vitro: the "guided missile" strategy."