Peptide Elongation Factor 2 (EF-2)

10/01/1989 - "The method is very useful for monitoring changing levels of EF-2 during various pathological and biological processes, including cell cycle, ageing, cancer and other diseases."
04/24/2023 - "Eukaryotic translational elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is reported to be highly expressed in various cancers. "
10/05/2019 - "Furthermore, EF-2 demonstrated significant inhibition of BT-474 tumor cell locoregional recurrence after primary tumor surgical excision. "
02/01/1991 - "Ten tumors were "typical" in both respects: 2 closely corresponded to MZ, 5 to EF, 2 to FC and 1 to PC. "
08/01/1983 - "Cells were grown as tumors in hamsters and EF-2 was purified from tissue homogenates by column chromatography. "

09/01/2000 - "Sordarins are a new class of antifungal agents which selectively inhibit fungal protein synthesis (FPS) by impairing the function of elongation factor 2. The present study investigates possible correlations between sordarin pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and therapeutic efficacy, based on a murine model of invasive systemic candidiasis, and provides a rationale for dose selection in the first study of efficacy in humans. "

01/01/2006 - "Its mechanism of action involves binding to CD22, being internalized into the target cell by endocytosis, being processed to generate a free toxin fragment which is translocated into the cytoplasm, and finally induction of cell death by catalytic inactivation of elongation factor 2. In phase-I testing BL22 was very active in chemoresistant hairy-cell leukemia (HCL), with 19 (61%) of 31 patients achieving complete remission (CR). "
01/01/2017 - "mAbs: Monoclonal antibodies; EF2: elongation factor 2; ITs: Immunotoxins; DT: Diphtheria toxin; PE: Pseudomonas exotoxin; dgA: de-glycosylated A-chain of ricin; rGel: recombinant de-glycosylated form of gelonin; NKC: natural killer cells; HTR: human transferrin receptor; EGF: epidermal growth factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; DAB389: truncated Diphtheria toxin; B-CCL: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; GVHD: Graft-versus-host disease; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; Fab: fragment antigen-binding; dsFv: disulfide-stabilized fragment variable; scFv: single-chain fragment variable; B-ALL: B-lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Fv: fragment variable; HCL: hairy cell leukemia; IL-2R: Interleukin-2 receptor; CR: complete response; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ATL: adult T-cell leukemia; DARPins: designed Ankyrin repeat proteins; pmol: picomolar; HAMA: human-anti mouse antibody."

01/01/2023 - "Among the ~3,000 unique phosphorylation sites analyzed, the largest change in phosphorylation status was measured on residue T56 of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which showed a >50-fold increase at 8 and 12 h p.i. Infection with other alphaviruses (Semliki Forest, Sindbis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)) triggered a similarly strong eEF2 phosphorylation. "
10/01/1977 - "The level of active elongation factor 2 in the livers of infected mice was reduced significantly after infection. "
12/01/2021 - "Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antimalarial activity of the novel plasmodium eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 inhibitor M5717: a first-in-human, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single ascending dose study and volunteer infection study."
01/01/2015 - "Remarkably, only a single protein, eukaryotic elongation factor 2, has been identified by more than two different groups as being differentially regulated during CHIKV infection. "
01/01/1978 - "Treatment of mice with antitoxin before infection with strain PA103 prevented inactivation of EF-2. "

09/01/2014 - "After TAC, all hypertrophic remodeling patterns known in human disease were observed: 1) low-flow, low-gradient with preserved ejection fraction (EF); 2) concentric hypertrophy with normal EF and flow; 3) concentric hypertrophy with moderately decreased EF and/or flow; 4) eccentric hypertrophy with normal EF and flow; 5) eccentric hypertrophy with moderately decreased EF and/or flow; and 6) eccentric hypertrophy with severely depressed EF. "
07/01/2009 - "This enhanced growth of AMPKalpha1-deficient muscle was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling downstream targets and decreased phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. These results demonstrate that AMPKalpha1 plays an important role in limiting skeletal muscle overgrowth during hypertrophy through inhibition of the mTOR-signaling pathway."
01/01/2002 - "Hypertrophy under additional IGF-1 was combined with a shift of the EF-2 variants to basic subtypes (p < 0.01). "
08/01/2014 - "In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ERK in translational control during CB-induced muscular hypertrophy by measuring time-dependent changes in the phosphorylation statuses of ERK, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K; an indicator of mTORC1 activity), 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and other related signaling molecules in rat gastrocnemius muscles. "
02/01/2007 - "In kidney glomerular epithelial cells, high glucose (30 mM), but not equimolar mannitol, stimulated de novo protein synthesis and induced hypertrophy in association with increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 and decreased phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2, regulatory events in mRNA translation. "