Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)

Also Known As:

Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis; Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing Remitting; Multiple Sclerosis, Remitting-Relapsing; Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; Remitting Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Relapsing

Networked: 3331 relevant articles (361 outcomes, 777 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Multiple Sclerosis
2.	Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease)
3.	Disease Progression
4.	Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
5.	Infections

Experts

1.	Kappos, Ludwig: 72 articles (01/2022 - 05/2003)
2.	Giovannoni, Gavin: 56 articles (06/2022 - 09/2003)
3.	Gold, Ralf: 52 articles (01/2022 - 12/2003)
4.	Hartung, Hans-Peter: 43 articles (01/2021 - 05/2003)
5.	Comi, Giancarlo: 42 articles (10/2022 - 03/2006)
6.	Arnold, Douglas L: 42 articles (01/2022 - 02/2008)
7.	Ziemssen, Tjalf: 41 articles (04/2022 - 09/2008)
8.	Trojano, Maria: 40 articles (02/2022 - 10/2003)
9.	Havrdova, Eva: 40 articles (01/2022 - 05/2007)
10.	Wiendl, Heinz: 39 articles (01/2022 - 10/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis:

1.	Natalizumab (Tysabri)FDA Link 07/01/2021 - "Natalizumab is a highly efficacious treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 05/19/2014 - "Natalizumab is highly effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and might be considered as an option. " 04/01/2014 - "Natalizumab is a highly effective treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 01/01/2013 - "Natalizumab is a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). " 01/01/2022 - "The high efficacy of natalizumab in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is without controversy. "
2.	Fingolimod Hydrochloride (FTY720)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "Efficacy of fingolimod in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." 02/01/2012 - "Fingolimod (Gilenya--Novartis) is a new treatment for patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2020 - "Fingolimod is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2018 - "Fingolimod is an effective treatment for active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). " 04/01/2021 - "Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in Iranian patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: An open-label study."
3.	Alemtuzumab (Campath)FDA Link 07/01/2023 - "Alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but in recent years safety-related concerns had emerged due to description of novel serious side effects not registered in CARE-MS I and CARE-MS II phase 3 studies, nor in TOPAZ extension study. " 01/01/2021 - "Alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 10/01/2020 - "Alemtuzumab is highly effective in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but autoimmune adverse events are of concern. " 09/01/2020 - "Alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). " 01/01/2019 - "The lymphocyte-depleting antibody alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); however 50% of patients develop novel autoimmunity post-treatment. "
4.	Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)FDA Link 09/20/2012 - "In patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, BG-12 (at both doses) and glatiramer acetate significantly reduced relapse rates and improved neuroradiologic outcomes relative to placebo. " 05/01/2007 - "Glatiramer acetate (GA) is effective in reducing clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 02/27/2009 - "The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory drug approved for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, in preventing the death of C57Bl/6J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. " 03/20/2007 - "To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of glatiramer acetate (GA) 40 mg daily vs the approved 20-mg formulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2018 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a brand-generic glatiramer acetate product in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over a 12-month period. "
5.	Interferon-betaIBA 10/01/2001 - "Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) has been used successfully to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). " 07/01/2011 - "In the absence of a better alternative, subcutaneous interferon beta is the standard first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 06/01/2009 - "Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with interferon beta is only partly effective, and new more effective and safe strategies are needed. " 01/01/1996 - "The results of two phase III clinical trials have recently shown that interferon-beta (IFNbeta) is effective in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 05/15/2011 - "Interferon beta is widely used as first-line treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). "
6.	Interferon beta-1a FDA Link 01/01/2005 - "Subcutaneous recombinant interferon-beta-1a (Rebif) 22 or 44 microg three times weekly is a valuable option in the first-line treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2005 - "Subcutaneous recombinant interferon-beta-1a (Rebif) 22 or 44 microg three times weekly is a valuable option in the first-line treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 12/01/1998 - "Recombinant interferon-beta-1a: a review of its therapeutic efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." 01/01/2020 - "This study evaluated efficacy of subcutaneous (sc) interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) 44 µg 3 × weekly (tiw) in patients appearing to transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). " 10/01/1999 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of interferon beta-1a (IFN-beta-1a) and beta-1b (IFN-beta-1b) in clinical practice for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS). "
7.	InterferonsIBA 11/27/2017 - "It has been proved more effective than interferon (IFN) 1a for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 01/01/2002 - "Beta-interferons (beta-IFN) are effective treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). " 09/01/2000 - "Interferon (IFN)-beta treatment is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) via an as yet unidentified mechanism. " 07/01/2010 - "This study evaluated the efficacy of a new formulation of subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN)-beta1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 10/15/2005 - "The efficacy of interferon (IFN) beta has been shown in several placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). "
8.	Dimethyl FumarateIBA 01/07/2019 - "Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has demonstrated efficacy and a favorable benefit-risk profile in phase 2 and 3 studies that enrolled predominantly white patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 01/01/2023 - "Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line drug for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), has been shown to be effective against various inflammatory diseases. " 12/01/2022 - "Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective treatment for relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its mechanisms of action encompass immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects. " 12/01/2019 - "Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes." 02/01/2020 - "Dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) was effective and safe in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in randomized clinical trials. "
9.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 11/15/2018 - "The contribution of B cells to the pathogenesis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is currently of great interest due to the positive outcomes of treatment with B cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies. " 12/01/2021 - "The comparative efficacy and safety of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A network meta-analysis." 07/01/2021 - "Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have demonstrated their drastic efficacy in the treatment of active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). " 10/01/2018 - "Several monoclonal antibodies have been licensed for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 01/01/2017 - "Monoclonal antibodies are a potent therapeutic approach for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. "
10.	Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)FDA Link 07/01/1998 - "Interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta-1b) is effective in reducing the frequency of exacerbations in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 04/01/1993 - "Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 04/01/1993 - "Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 07/01/2013 - "To investigate the relationship between the efficacy of interferon beta-1b (INF-β-1b) on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and the Th17 cells in peripheral blood. " 09/01/2008 - "We aimed to evaluate the safety and MRI efficacy of interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta-1b) 375 microg (subcutaneously [sc] every other day [eod]) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with a suboptimal response to IFNbeta-1b 250 microg, i.e., with MRI activity or relapses. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/2023 - "B cell depletion therapy is highly effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). " 10/01/2009 - "Therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are only partially effective, and, in most patients receiving such treatment, clinical activity persists. " 03/01/2017 - "The safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has been established; however, it is not clear which provides optimal value, given benefit-risk profiles and costs. " 01/01/2020 - "Reduced disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis can partly be ascribed to more efficacious new disease-modifying therapies but decrease in disease activity has also be seen in placebo-treated patients in clinical trials. " 10/01/2010 - "Long-term adherence to disease-modifying therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is associated with improved patient outcomes, including a reduced risk of relapse and a better preserved quality of life. "
2.	Injections 01/01/2022 - "Treatment response scoring systems to assess long-term prognosis in self-injectable DMTs relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients." 01/01/2022 - "Correction to: Treatment response scoring systems to assess long-term prognosis in self-injectable DMTs relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients." 10/01/2018 - "The introduction of oral disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in addition to the available, injectable, ones for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) could be expected to improve medication persistence due to a greater acceptability of the route of administration. " 05/01/2018 - "In this independent, multicenter, retrospective study, we investigated the short-term persistence to treatment with first-line self-injectable or oral disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. " 11/01/2014 - "Characteristics of Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Taking Injectable and Oral Disease Modifying Treatments in the United States."
3.	Immunomodulation 04/01/2000 - "Recent phase III clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have shown significant benefits of active treatment on relapse related end points, but effects on disability outcomes have been inconsistent. " 04/01/2008 - "Switching treatment may be beneficial in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who respond inadequately to first-line immunomodulatory therapy. " 01/01/2021 - "Conclusion: It was found that the level of adherence to therapeutic recommendations in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with immunomodulation in the study group remained high. " 06/01/2006 - "The aim of the present study was to provide data on the use of immunomodulatory therapies in a population comprising all treated patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Denmark. " 12/01/2001 - "We previously reported results of a 12 month prospective, non-randomized, open-label treatment trial of immunomodulatory therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). "
4.	Stem Cell Transplantation 10/01/2013 - "Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is a potentially curative treatment, which can give rise to long-term disease remission. " 03/01/2009 - "Autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase I/II study." 09/25/2023 - "A growing evidence base supports the use of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but it has not yet been integrated into most national clinical guidelines. " 09/25/2023 - "Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Sweden: an observational cohort study." 01/01/2023 - "Forty-five patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and underwent lumbar puncture at baseline and then at follow-up visits made at 1-, 2- and 5 years. "
5.	Cognitive Training 01/01/2017 - "Efficacy of a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial." 06/30/2020 - "In this explorative study, forty-seven patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were randomized to a custom 6-week cognitive rehabilitation intervention (n = 23) using the BrainHQTM web-based platform and to a control group condition (n = 24). " 01/01/2020 - "This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of computer-based, manual-based, and combined cognitive rehabilitation to improve cognitive functions among patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). " 01/01/2015 - "Computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation improves cognitive performances and induces brain functional connectivity changes in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients: an exploratory study." 06/01/2021 - "This exploratory case-control study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a hypothesis-based cognitive training designed to target multiple domains by promoting the synchronous co-activation of different brain areas and thereby improve cognition and induce changes in functional connectivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. "