Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.

Also Known As:

Networked: 511 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 47 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Liver Cell Adenoma (Hepatocellular Adenoma)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Cicatrix (Scar)

Experts

1.	Balabaud, Charles: 12 articles (01/2019 - 03/2003)
2.	Bioulac-Sage, Paulette: 12 articles (01/2019 - 03/2003)
3.	Luciani, Alain: 5 articles (10/2020 - 11/2015)
4.	Grazioli, Luigi: 5 articles (04/2018 - 05/2003)
5.	Bieze, Matthanja: 5 articles (01/2017 - 03/2011)
6.	van Gulik, Thomas M: 5 articles (01/2017 - 03/2011)
7.	Zucman-Rossi, Jessica: 5 articles (12/2010 - 05/2007)
8.	Calderaro, Julien: 4 articles (01/2022 - 11/2015)
9.	Kim, Myeong-Jin: 4 articles (09/2019 - 07/2011)
10.	Yeh, Matthew M: 4 articles (02/2019 - 05/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Focal Nodular Hyperplasia:

1.	Contrast MediaIBA 12/01/2013 - "Hepatobiliary-secreted MRI contrast agents have improved the ability to diagnose focal nodular hyperplasia and may also improve the detection and imaging diagnosis of HCC. " 05/01/2003 - "To compare the efficacy of two different MR contrast agents for the detection and diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). " 05/01/1997 - "To demonstrate the improved specificity of liver MRI in diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) using liver specific contrast agents. " 12/01/2002 - "The objective of our study was to describe the functional and differential uptake features of atypical focal nodular hyperplasia using different MR contrast agents and to evaluate their potential role in the diagnosis and characterization of focal nodular hyperplasia. " 08/01/2022 - "Initial cross-sectional imaging suggested focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) ruled out on contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using a hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent. "
2.	GadoliniumIBA 09/01/2002 - "This study aimed at presenting the three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography findings of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia with angiographic correlation. " 07/01/2012 - "We report a case of a patient who presented with the rare profile of multiple, confluent lesions that were diagnosed, using magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-dimeglumine, as focal nodular hyperplasia. " 04/01/2005 - "Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia syndrome: diagnosis with dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced MRI." 12/01/2002 - "Dynamic gadolinium chelate-enhanced MR imaging showed early and vigorous enhancement of focal nodular hyperplasia lesions with rapid washout in 88%. " 11/01/2002 - "We compared nonenhanced and dynamic gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) as depicted with breath-hold MR sequences and assessed the detectability of the individual MR sequences used. "
3.	ferric oxide (iron oxide)IBA 03/01/2006 - "[Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: imaging findings with emphasis on the findings of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging]." 03/01/2005 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: usefulness of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging." 11/01/2009 - "Perfusion study of liver lesions with superparamagnetic iron oxide: distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from focal nodular hyperplasia." 06/01/2020 - "Validation study of perfusion parameter in hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia using dynamic susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging with super-paramagnetic iron oxide: comparison with single level dynamic CT arteriography." 05/01/1998 - "Two cases are presented in which the MRI findings following superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhancement of hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are described. "
4.	gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPAFDA Link 08/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to assess the enhancement patterns of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI. " 06/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate enhancement characteristics of histopathologically confirmed focal nodular hyperplasia (FNHs) with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. " 09/05/2023 - "Objective: To investigate the application value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI based radiomics model in the differential diagnosis of iso-or hyperintensity HCC and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in hepatobiliary phase. " 09/05/2023 - "[The application value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI based radiomics in the differential diagnosis of iso-or hyperintensity HCC and focal nodular hyperplasia in hepatobiliary phase]." 09/01/2023 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or FNH-like lesions of the liver are benign lesions that can be mostly diagnosed by hepatobiliary phase gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). "
5.	contrast agent BR1IBA 01/01/2007 - "Sixteen patients (12 women and four men) with 27 benign hepatic tumors (17 hemangiomas, eight focal nodular hyperplasias, and two hepatocellular adenomas) arising in fatty liver underwent baseline and pulse inversion US after administration of SonoVue. " 03/01/2007 - "Real-time contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) using Sonovue and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) were performed on 109 patients with focal liver lesions, including 61 hepatocellular carcinomas, 15 liver metastases, 5 cholangiocellular carcinomas, 12 hemangiomas, 5 regenerative nodules, 3 adenomas, 3 focal nodular hyperplasias, 4 focal necroses, and 1 angiomyolipoma prior to surgery or percutaneous needle biopsy. " 05/01/2009 - "One hundred and thirty-five consecutive patients (71 women, 64 men) with 165 focal liver lesions (mean size: 3.1 cm)--89 benign (10 simple cysts, 26 haemangiomas, 29 focal nodular hyperplasia, 2 hepatocellular adenomas, 11 focal fatty sparing, 3 focal fatty areas, 5 regenerative nodules, 2 hydatid cysts, 1 abscess) and 76 malignant (47 metastases, 26 hepatocellular carcinomas and 3 peripheral cholangiocarcinomas)--underwent CEUS after the administration of SonoVue. " 10/01/2021 - "Comparison Between SonoVue and Sonazoid Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Characterization of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Smaller Than 3 cm." 05/01/2014 - "A total of 147 solid focal liver lesions (38 focal nodular hyperplasias, 1 area of focal steatosis, 3 regenerative nodules, 8 adenomas, 11 cholangiocarcinomas, 36 hepatocellular carcinomas and 49 metastases) were retrospectively evaluated in a multicentre study, both with CEUS, using sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue, Bracco, Milan, Italy) and CE-MR, performed with Gd-BOPTA (Multihance, Bracco, Milan, Italy). "
6.	SonazoidIBA 06/01/2018 - "Thirty-one patients with 31 focal nodular hyperplasia nodules who underwent CEUS using Sonazoid between July 2012 and February 2015 were included in this study. " 06/01/2018 - "Contrast-enhanced US using Sonazoid for focal nodular hyperplasia showed typical vascular patterns of central artery vascularity, stellate vascularity, and centrifugal enhancement. " 06/01/2018 - "Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonographic Features With Sonazoid." 06/01/2013 - "Arrival time parametric imaging using Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for the detection of spoke-wheel patterns of focal nodular hyperplasia smaller than 3 cm." 01/01/2016 - "Thirteen patients with 13 focal liver lesions (5 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with cirrhosis, 4 liver metastases, 2 hemangiomas, 1 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 1 focal nodular hyperplasia) received two bolus injections of Sonazoid (at 0.5 and 2.0 mL/s) using an automatic power injector. "
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 06/01/2000 - "To study the differential diagnosis between hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with negative alpha-feto protein. " 01/01/2019 - "In patients, lower NTCP protein expression was correlated well with higher levels of hepatocyte proliferation and less HBsAg expression in HBV-related focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) tissues. " 01/01/2014 - "Positive staining for serum amyloid-associated protein was seen in the majority of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (92.6%) and in the minority of focal nodular hyperplasia (17.5%). " 01/01/2017 - "mRNA levels of OCT1 paralleled protein levels and were significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), and, to a lesser extent, in focal nodular hyperplasia compared with matched nontumor tissues. " 06/01/2015 - "Suitable candidates were further tested for consistency in comparison to known protein-biomarkers in HCC (n=78), hepatocellular adenoma (n=25; HCA), focal nodular hyperplasia (n=28; FNH) and cirrhosis (n=28). "
8.	ferumoxides (Feridex)FDA Link 07/01/2000 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia shows significant decrease in signal intensity on ferumoxides-enhanced T2-weighted images, which may aid in the differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from other focal hepatic lesions. " 07/01/2000 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia showed significant signal intensity loss on ferumoxides-enhanced T2-weighted images (mean, -43%+/-6.7%, p < 0.01). " 01/01/1999 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver on ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging: features on conventional spin-echo, fast spin-echo and gradient-echo pulse sequences." 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a superparamagnetic iron oxide, ferumoxides, in the detection and characterization of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) on MR conventional spin-echo (SE), fast spin-echo (FSE) and gradient-echo (GRE) images. " 04/01/2007 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia: intraindividual comparison of dynamic gadobenate dimeglumine- and ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging."
9.	EmulsionsIBA 09/01/1989 - "A new iodinated lipid emulsion, Intraiodol, for which animal studies have indicated better tolerance than for other iodinated lipid emulsions, was tested in 15 patients with malignant lesions, and in one patient with focal nodular hyperplasia. " 10/01/2022 - "To compare the efficacy of transarterial embolization (TAE) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles alone and lipiodol-bleomycin emulsion (LBE) plus PVA particles for patients with unresectable large symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). " 01/01/2023 - "To evaluate the safety and the long-term outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) with lipiodol-bleomycin emulsion (LBE) plus N-Butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the treatment of children with large symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). " 10/01/2022 - "Long-term outcomes of transarterial embolization with lipiodol-bleomycin emulsion plus polyvinyl alcohol particles versus the particles alone for large symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia: a propensity score-matched analysis." 09/01/2011 - "Transarterial embolization using pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol for the treatment of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver."
10.	perfluorobutane (AI 700)IBA 06/01/2018 - "To investigate ultrasonographic features of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using Sonazoid (perflubutane; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway). " 05/07/2010 - "Two hundred and eighty two patients with focal liver lesions, including 168 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 63 metastases, 40 hemangiomas and 11 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), were examined by 3D US with perflubutane-based contrast agent. " 04/01/2009 - "One hundred thirty-nine patients with focal liver tumors-77 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 33 metastases, 23 hemangiomas, and six focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs)-who were examined at 3D US enhanced with a perflubutane microbubble contrast agent and at 3D contrast-enhanced multidetector CT were retrospectively identified. " 10/01/2021 - "This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), including SonoVue (SV; sulfur hexafluoride; Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy) and Sonazoid (SZ; perflubutane; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway), and explore the differences between them in the characterization of CEUS features in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) smaller than 3 cm. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2020 - "Diagnosis of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) after Liver Transplantation." 12/01/2019 - "The partial liver resection grafts with focal nodular hyperplasia could be applied to the patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation." 12/01/2019 - "We described 2 cases of adult-to-adult liver transplantation using right lobe grafts donated by 2 patients suffering from focal nodular hyperplasia, the volumes of which were 360 cm3 and 220 cm3. " 12/01/2019 - "Liver Transplantation Using Right Lobe Graft With Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: Report of 2 Cases." 04/01/2016 - "Case of a successful liver transplantation from a living donor with focal nodular hyperplasia."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/26/2010 - "The reports of focal nodular hyperplasia in children have recently increased in number, with many cases associated to drug intake, particularly to chemotherapy. " 01/12/2021 - "Post-chemotherapy focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions may be tricky, and their typical hyperintense rim in the hepatobiliary phase is very helpful for the differential diagnosis with metastases. " 01/01/2021 - "Appearance of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia after Chemotherapy in Two Patients during Follow-Up of Colon Carcinoma." 07/01/2020 - "Hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced MRI findings of focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules in the liver following chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients." 03/01/2015 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia presents typically in children with liver disease, have undergone chemotherapy, and adolescent females. "
3.	Hysterectomy 06/04/1979 - "A case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the right hepatic lobe was discovered during the hysterectomy operation of a 40 year old woman. " 01/01/1980 - "[Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver discovered and biopsied during hysterectomy for fibroids secondarily treated by paramendian bisectoriectomy with cure for more than one year (author's transl)]."
4.	Hepatectomy 09/01/2012 - "Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy of focal nodular hyperplasia." 04/01/2010 - "Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver is rare in children, and it is usually diagnosed through a biopsy of the liver or hepatectomy. " 12/01/2007 - "[Laparoscopic hepatectomy of a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver]." 11/01/2003 - "A 31-year-old woman underwent microwave-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy of the left lateral segment for focal nodular hyperplasia on January 14, 1998. " 01/01/1992 - "Total hepatectomy and liver transplant for hepatocellular adenomatosis and focal nodular hyperplasia."
5.	Microbubbles 05/01/2020 - "Liver contrast-enhanced sonography: computer-assisted differentiation between focal nodular hyperplasia and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma by reference to microbubble transport patterns." 05/01/1991 - "Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: specific findings at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with carbon dioxide microbubbles." 04/01/2004 - "Using a microbubble contrast agent we performed coded harmonic angio in 163 patients with 192 hepatic tumor nodules: 153 hepatocellular carcinomas, 13 metastases, 14 hemangiomas, eight dysplastic nodules, and four focal nodular hyperplasias. " 01/01/1992 - "Sonographic angiography (sonography performed during intraarterial infusion of carbon dioxide microbubbles) was performed in 184 patients with a total of 222 hepatic nodules: 139 hepatocellular carcinomas, nine adenomatous hyperplasias, seven regenerative nodules, 21 hemangiomas, 33 metastases, seven lymphomas, one granuloma, and five focal nodular hyperplasias. " 01/01/2013 - "We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Levovist, a microbubble contrast agent, to diagnose a case of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). "