Central Nervous System Fungal Infections

MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).

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Networked: 24 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Central Nervous System Infections (Central Nervous System Infection)
2.	Infections
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Meningitis
5.	Leukemia

Experts

1.	Bailly, Éric: 1 article (01/2021)
2.	Bernard, Louis: 1 article (01/2021)
3.	Carvalho-Schneider, Claudia: 1 article (01/2021)
4.	Cottier, Jean-Philippe: 1 article (01/2021)
5.	Desoubeaux, Guillaume: 1 article (01/2021)
6.	Destrieux, Christophe: 1 article (01/2021)
7.	Garot, Denis: 1 article (01/2021)
8.	Hobson, Claire A: 1 article (01/2021)
9.	Le Brun, Cécile: 1 article (01/2021)
10.	Lemaignen, Adrien: 1 article (01/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Central Nervous System Fungal Infections:

1.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1992 - "CNS fungal infections can be treated effectively with IVT amphotericin B but with a high risk of significant toxicity. " 02/01/1986 - "Amphotericin B remains the drug of choice for most CNS fungal infections." 04/01/1995 - "For > 3 decades, the standard antifungal agent for the treatment of CNS fungal infections has been amphotericin B. " 03/01/2006 - "Parenteral Amphotericin B, followed by prolonged itraconazole therapy, remains the "gold standard" modality for central nervous system fungal infections in adjunct to aggressive surgical debridement."
2.	Voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2011 - "Voriconazole shows encouraging efficacy against various CNS fungal infections. " 01/01/2019 - "Pre-operative Voriconazole in patients undergoing surgery for Central Nervous System fungal infections: Special Report." 08/18/2020 - "Invasive CNS aspergillosis is an important cause of CNS fungal infection that is often diagnosed late and requires long-term voriconazole-based therapy."
3.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2006 - "Parenteral Amphotericin B, followed by prolonged itraconazole therapy, remains the "gold standard" modality for central nervous system fungal infections in adjunct to aggressive surgical debridement."
4.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2019 - "Newer diagnostic techniques focused on antigen detection or molecular amplification of fungal pathogens offer promise in the expediated diagnosis and treatment of CNS fungal infections. "
5.	Antifungal AgentsIBA 11/01/2005 - "As a consequence of the overall increase in the incidence of such infections over time, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections is also increasing and, despite improvements in diagnostic techniques and the introduction of novel antifungal agents, therapy for CNS infections is still associated with discouragingly poor results. " 04/01/1995 - "For > 3 decades, the standard antifungal agent for the treatment of CNS fungal infections has been amphotericin B. "
6.	ChemokinesIBA 07/01/2007 - "However, activation of brain resident cells combined with relative expression of immunoenhancing and immunosuppressing cytokines and chemokines may play a determinant role and partially explain immunopathogenesis of CNS fungal infections."
7.	CytokinesIBA 07/01/2007 - "However, activation of brain resident cells combined with relative expression of immunoenhancing and immunosuppressing cytokines and chemokines may play a determinant role and partially explain immunopathogenesis of CNS fungal infections."
8.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 05/31/2014 - "The 2012 outbreak of central nervous system fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone produced by a United States compounding pharmacy has led to 750 infections (151 with meningitis and paraspinal infections and 325 cases with paraspinal infections without meningitis) and 64 deaths as of October 23, 2013. "
9.	MannansIBA 01/04/2021 - "Mannan and (1→3)ß-D-glucan (BDG) testing were retrospectively performed in CSF samples from three patients with proven chronic CNS fungal infection (excluding Cryptococcus), and subsequently compared to 16 controls. "
10.	ibrutinibIBA 01/01/2017 - "Central nervous system mycoses should be considered as a potential complication of ibrutinib."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 06/01/2015 - "Prolonged antifungal therapy is an important option for treating invasive CNS fungal infections when surgery is not feasible." 01/01/2014 - "The major advances in CNS fungal infections are in the pathobiology, new diagnostic tools, and new therapies. " 06/01/2010 - "The outcome of CNS fungal infections is poor despite vigorous antifungal therapy." 04/01/1995 - "The successful treatment of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections is highly dependent on the underlying immune status of the host, as well as on the prompt initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. " 08/01/1991 - "This model can be useful for evaluation of the pathogenesis and therapy of central nervous system fungal infections."
2.	Liver Transplantation 03/01/2015 - "Central nervous system (CNS) infections after liver transplantation may be fungal in aetiology, with involvement from either common organisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus spp. as well as less common organisms, such as the Mucorales and Scedosporium spp. Although the mortality of CNS fungal infections was nearly 100% in early series, more recent data has suggested that good outcomes can be achieved. "
3.	Debridement 03/01/2006 - "Parenteral Amphotericin B, followed by prolonged itraconazole therapy, remains the "gold standard" modality for central nervous system fungal infections in adjunct to aggressive surgical debridement."
4.	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 07/01/2008 - "Central nervous system fungal infections (FI) are important complications and a cause of mortality in patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). " 11/01/2022 - "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Children With Leukemia and Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Multicenter Study."
5.	Stem Cell Transplantation 01/01/2020 - "Central nervous system fungal infections in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. "