Intracranial Vasospasm

Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).

Also Known As:

Vasospasm, Intracranial; Cerebral Angiospasm; Cerebral Artery Spasm; Cerebrovascular Spasm; Intracranial Angiospasm; Intracranial Vascular Spasm; Angiospasm, Cerebral; Angiospasms, Cerebral; Angiospasms, Intracranial; Artery Spasm, Cerebral; Artery Spasms, Cerebral; Cerebral Angiospasms; Cerebral Artery Spasms; Cerebral Vasospasms; Cerebrovascular Spasms; Intracranial Angiospasms; Intracranial Vascular Spasms; Intracranial Vasospasms; Spasm, Cerebral Artery; Spasm, Cerebrovascular; Spasm, Intracranial Vascular; Spasms, Cerebral Artery; Spasms, Cerebrovascular; Spasms, Intracranial Vascular; Vascular Spasm, Intracranial; Vascular Spasms, Intracranial; Vasospasm, Cerebral; Vasospasms, Cerebral; Vasospasms, Intracranial; Angiospasm, Intracranial; Cerebral Vasospasm

Networked: 2065 relevant articles (202 outcomes, 346 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Infarction (Infarctions)
4.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)
5.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)

Experts

1.	Seifert, Volker: 26 articles (01/2021 - 03/2003)
2.	Suzuki, Hidenori: 22 articles (01/2020 - 12/2003)
3.	Zhang, John H: 22 articles (01/2019 - 02/2002)
4.	Kwan, Aij-Lie: 17 articles (06/2022 - 08/2002)
5.	Lin, Chih-Lung: 17 articles (01/2020 - 08/2002)
6.	Vatter, Hartmut: 17 articles (11/2018 - 03/2003)
7.	Raabe, Andreas: 16 articles (12/2022 - 03/2003)
8.	Chen, Gang: 14 articles (01/2017 - 06/2008)
9.	Zhang, J H: 14 articles (01/2008 - 01/2000)
10.	Dumont, Aaron S: 13 articles (01/2014 - 12/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Intracranial Vasospasm:

1.	Nimodipine (Modus)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2013 - "Till date, nimodipine is the only drug with proven efficacy in preventing cerebral vasospasm. " 11/01/1987 - "In humans, a large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in subarachnoid haemorrhage showed that nimodipine significantly reduced the severity of neurological deficits associated with delayed cerebral vasospasm. " 01/01/2023 - "It is thought that this will be effective in cerebral vasospasm, and the effect will be compared and analyzed with oral nimodipine through an animal model of cerebral vasospasm. " 12/01/2015 - "Continuous intra-arterial nimodipine infusion is an effective treatment for patients with severe cerebral vasospasm who fail to respond to HHT and oral nimodipine alone. " 01/01/1982 - "These data suggest that nimodipine might be useful in the treatment of the cerebral vasospasm after SAH. "
2.	Nicardipine (Dagan)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2018 - "Although intrathecal nicardipine has shown potential to be effective in treating cerebral vasospasm, variance existed among those who received intrathecal nicardipine. " 12/01/2011 - "Intracisternal nicardipine prolonged release implants (NPRI) have been shown to be effective in the prophylaxis of cerebral vasospasm (VS). " 12/01/2000 - "These results suggested that nicardipine-prolonged release preparation is safe as well as effective for cerebral vasospasm." 09/01/2012 - "Intra-arterial nicardipine is an effective and safe treatment for cerebral vasospasm. " 01/01/1994 - "Intrathecal administration of nicardipine which is water soluble, may be useful in the treatment of chronic cerebral vasospasm in patients."
3.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA 08/01/2017 - "In this meta-analysis, the authors investigated whether statin treatment significantly reduced the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and delayed neurological deficits, promoting a better outcome after aneurysmal SAH. " 01/01/2008 - "Recent evidence shows that statins are also effective in ameliorating cerebral vasospasm, which occurs as sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study is the first to prove the definite, statin-induced amelioration of cerebral vasospasm on DSA. " 04/01/2013 - "The preliminary studies suggest that statins protect against cerebral vasospasm. " 05/01/2009 - "Although the results of 2 randomized clinical trials demonstrated that statin decreases the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aSAH, retrospective studies have failed to confirm this. "
4.	Milrinone (Primacor)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1997 - "Milrinone is effective in preventing chronic cerebral vasospasm in a canine model of experimental chronic cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/2011 - "Intra-arterial milrinone was a safe and effective treatment of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH." 01/01/2009 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial Milrinone in patients with symptomatic refractory cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/1997 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of milrinone on chronic experimental cerebral vasospasm. " 01/01/2022 - "Intravenous Milrinone for Cerebral Vasospasm: Here Comes the Sun?"
5.	Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase)FDA Link 01/01/2000 - "For a few years conducted experimental studies and clinical trials set one's hopes on the role of the fibrynolytic treatment using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in preventing cerebral vasospasm. " 11/01/1992 - "The results of preliminary clinical trial (a multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study) of intrathecal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm were reported. " 02/01/1994 - "Recently intrathecal thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) has been introduced as an innovative pharmacological method for the removal of subarachnoid blood accumulations, in order to prevent the development of cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/1994 - "Intrathecal fibrinolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for prevention of cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischaemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. " 09/01/1993 - "[Prevention of cerebral vasospasm with tissue plasminogen activator]."
6.	fasudil (AT 877)IBA 01/01/2023 - "The following day, he developed diffuse cerebral vasospasm in the right middle cerebral artery that improved immediately upon arterial infusion of fasudil hydrochloride. " 12/01/2016 - "In this study, fasudil - a drug used for cerebral vasospasm - has been found to be a selective opener of Kv 7.4/Kv 7.5 channels. " 03/01/2011 - "The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of continuous intravertebral artery (cIVA) injection of fasudil hydrochloride on delayed cerebral vasospasm (CVS). " 01/01/2014 - "Fasudil hydrochloride can rapidly relieve cerebral vasospasm, has no selective effect on cerebral vasculature, and little influence on blood pressure. " 01/01/2014 - "To evaluate fasudil hydrochloride for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in extra-cranial carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). "
7.	PapaverineIBA 01/01/1994 - "Between July 1992 and January 1993 a prospective pilot study of the efficacy of intra-arterial papaverine in the management of clinically significant angiographically confirmed cerebral vasospasm arising as a consequence of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was conducted. " 03/01/2004 - "Efficacy of multiple intraarterial papaverine infusions for improvement in cerebral circulation time in patients with recurrent cerebral vasospasm." 09/01/2002 - "The efficacy of papaverine administration by different routes for the treatment of experimental acute cerebral vasospasm." 07/01/2001 - "Efficacy of controlled-release papaverine pellets in preventing symptomatic cerebral vasospasm." 10/01/1983 - "[Topical application of papaverine for cerebral vasospasm using prolonged release pellet--experimental studies]."
8.	CalciumIBA 07/01/1994 - "The possible mechanisms by which calcium antagonists are effective in the management of cerebral vasospasm are discussed. " 01/01/2019 - "Most previous SAH studies have focused on improving cerebral blood flow, reducing cerebral vasospasm, reducing neuronal calcium overload, and other treatments. " 08/01/2008 - "Dysregulation of the intracellular calcium concentration is thought to play a key role in the so-called ischemic cascade, as well as for the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhaging (SAH). " 01/01/2001 - "CSF from SAH patients suffering from delayed ischaemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm can generate near maximal force in vitro and previous experiments have ascribed this generation of force to be a calcium mediated event. " 07/01/2000 - "Fluid management and calcium antagonist have a beneficial effect on cerebral vasospasm following SAH, but is not tolerated or is ineffective in some patients. "
9.	Endothelin Receptor AntagonistsIBA 09/12/2012 - "Therefore, endothelin receptor antagonists (ETAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm. " 06/01/2004 - "Endothelin receptor antagonists and cerebral vasospasm." 12/01/2002 - "THIS REVIEW UPDATES: the current status of endothelin receptor antagonists in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. " 12/01/2002 - "Endothelin receptor antagonists and cerebral vasospasm: an update." 06/23/2013 - "Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most treatable component of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which can be reduced by endothelin receptor antagonists. "
10.	Cilostazol (Pletal)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2018 - "Cilostazol is associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic vasospasm and may be clinically useful in the treatment of delayed cerebral vasospasm in patients with aSAH. " 01/01/2021 - "The objective of this article was to ascertain the effect of cilostazol on cerebral vasospasm after aSAH by performing meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. " 01/01/2016 - "The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the effectiveness of cilostazol on cerebral vasospasm. " 01/01/2013 - "A multicenter prospective randomized trial was conducted to investigate the effect of cilostazol on cerebral vasospasm. " 12/01/2004 - "The findings suggest that cilostazol is an interesting candidate for future clinical trials of delayed cerebral vasospasm."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2013 - "Demonstration of reduced cerebral vasospasm and improved neurological outcomes in larger prospective studies are needed for most pharmacologic therapy options prior to recommending their routine use." 06/01/1996 - "We conclude that the improvement in RBC aggregability induced by H-H therapy is effective for reversing progressive neurological deterioration due to cerebral vasospasm." 01/01/1987 - "As soon as the risk of rebleeding has been eliminated surgically an active therapy against the possible consequences of SAH--cerebral vasospasm and simultaneous disturbances of autoregulation--is started. " 04/01/2020 - "This study assessed the effect of IaN on rScO2 and systemic hemodynamic indices during IaN therapy for cerebral vasospasm after aSAH. " 01/01/2015 - "Despite clinical studies and research, the etiopathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is not understood exactly and there is not yet an effective therapy. "
2.	Intra-Arterial Infusions 01/01/1999 - "We analysed effects of intra-arterial infusion on angiographically evident cerebral vasospasm in 10 patients including 3 with symptoms of vasospasm. " 09/01/2012 - "Intraarterial infusion therapy for cerebral vasospasm: promising but preliminary." 02/01/2011 - "Studies attempting to establish the safety and efficacy of standard and high-dose intra-arterial infusions of calcium channel blockers for treatment of cerebral vasospasm have focused on hemodynamic changes during the angiographic procedure. " 10/01/2019 - "In this case, intra-arterial infusion of fasudil hydrochloride was effective against post-traumatic cerebral vasospasm." 01/01/2021 - "Duration of Vasodilatory Action After Intra-arterial Infusions of Calcium Channel Blockers in Animal Model of Cerebral Vasospasm."
3.	Hemodilution 07/01/2002 - "We conclude that hemodilution to hematocrit 0.28 is not beneficial for patients with cerebral vasospasm after SAH." 05/01/2011 - "We performed a literature review to identify the current state of support for hemodilution as a therapeutic modality in treatment of cerebral vasospasm. " 05/01/2011 - "The evolving role of hemodilution in treatment of cerebral vasospasm: a historical perspective." 09/01/1995 - "We monitored various hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters to assess the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution therapy in SAH patients with cerebral vasospasm. " 04/01/2010 - "Historically, the mainstay of treatment for cerebral vasospasm has been a combination of hypervolemia, hemodilution, and hypertension. "
4.	Counterpulsation (External Counterpulsation) 01/01/1998 - "We previously established the ability of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) to improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) significantly in a canine model of cerebral vasospasm. " 04/01/1995 - "We tested the effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a canine model of cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/2000 - "The use of intra-aortic counterpulsation balloon for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and edema." 04/01/1995 - "Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation augments cerebral blood flow in a canine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm." 08/01/2010 - "Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation pump (IABP) is used for hemodynamic support of patients in cardiogenic shock and its use in the setting of aSAH, cardiomyopathy, and cerebral vasospasm can be beneficial in preventing delayed ischemic deficits."
5.	Spinal Injections 06/01/1991 - "In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of postoperative intrathecal injections of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in preventing cerebral vasospasm in cases with a diffuse severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 03/01/1993 - "The authors have evaluated the efficacy of postoperative intrathecal injections of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in preventing cerebral vasospasm in patients with a diffuse thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 08/01/2004 - "A single intrathecal injection of liposomal fasudil can maintain a therapeutic the drug concentration in the CSF due to the sustained-release property of liposomes, significantly decreasing intact size of acute ischemia and decreasing vasoconstriction of the basilar artery in cerebral vasospasm. "