Central Sleep Apnea (Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome)

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261 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 30 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration. This condition may be idiopathic (primary) or associated with lower brain stem lesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE); HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; medication effect; and other conditions. Sleep maintenance is impaired, resulting in daytime hypersomnolence. Primary central sleep apnea is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnea. When both forms are present the condition is referred to as mixed sleep apnea (see SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395; Neurol Clin 1996;14(3):611-28)

Also Known As:

Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome; Sleep Apnea, Central; Apnea, Central; Central Sleep Apnea, Primary; Central Sleep Apnea, Secondary; Central Sleep Disordered Breathing; Newborn Primary Sleep Apneas; Primary Central Sleep Apnea; Primary Sleep Apneas of Newborn; Secondary Central Sleep Apnea; Sleep Apnea, Newborn, Primary; Alveolar Hypoventilation, Central; Alveolar Hypoventilations, Central; Apnea, Central Sleep; Apneas, Central; Apneas, Central Sleep; Breathing, Central Sleep-Disordered; Breathings, Central Sleep-Disordered; Central Alveolar Hypoventilation; Central Apnea; Central Apneas; Central Sleep Apneas; Central Sleep-Disordered Breathing; Central Sleep-Disordered Breathings; Hypoventilations, Central Alveolar; Sleep Apneas, Central; Sleep Disordered Breathing, Central; Sleep-Disordered Breathings, Central; Apnea, Sleep, Central; Hypoventilation, Central Alveolar; Ondine Syndrome; Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Central

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Respiratory Tract Diseases: 373

Respiration Disorders: 11

Apnea: 3244

Sleep Apnea Syndromes: 1654

Central Sleep Apnea: 261

Nervous System Diseases: 3414

Sleep Disorders: 653

Dyssomnias: 8

Intrinsic Sleep Disorders: 6

Sleep Apnea Syndromes: 1654

Central Sleep Apnea: 261

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure
2.	Apnea
3.	Hypoventilation
4.	Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Sleep Apnea)
5.	Central Sleep Apnea (Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome)

Experts

1.	CANPAP Investigators: 3 articles (06/2007 - 06/2001)
2.	Belenkie, Israel: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
3.	Tomlinson, George: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
4.	Morrison, Debra: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
5.	Floras, John S: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
6.	Ferguson, Kathleen: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
7.	Fleetham, John: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
8.	Bradley, T Douglas: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
9.	Smilovitch, Mark: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)
10.	Pfeifer, Michael: 2 articles (06/2007 - 11/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Central Sleep Apnea:

1.	OxygenIBA 10/01/1985 - "A post-surgery polysomnogram revealed marked improvement in the number of central apneas (74 events) and only mild decreases in oxygen saturation (to 94%)." 04/01/1998 - "The median number of central apneas with desaturation per study was 0.5 (0 to 49), the median oxygen saturation nadir was 91% (50% to 99%), and the median peak end-tidal pCO2 was 47 mm Hg (36 to 87 mm Hg)" 09/01/1996 - "An overnight study of oxygen saturation showed episodes of marked desaturation, and polysomnography revealed central sleep apnea" 11/01/1985 - "Interestingly, oxygen administration has been shown to reduce central apneas considerably in a number of studies, although the explanation for its success is unknown" 09/01/2008 - "Nocturnal oxygen should be used for patients whose central sleep apnea does not respond to positive pressure devices" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Theophylline (Theon)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2005 - "Theophylline is effective in the treatment of central apneas and periodic breathing" 04/01/2005 - "The role of oral theophylline may be in patients with predominately central apneas not eligible for ventilation therapy or severe cases." 01/01/2001 - "Theophylline reduces central apneas and periodic breathing in infants" 03/01/1998 - "Treatment of CSR-CSA by supplemental O2, theophylline, and CPAP can alleviate central apneas" 01/01/1989 - "Central apneas greater than 15 s did not vary significantly as a function of BPD, theophylline, or postconceptional age" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2001 - "Recently, low-dose acetazolamide was shown to reduce symptomatic central sleep apnea in adults" 08/01/2001 - "Acetazolamide treatment for infantile central sleep apnea." 04/01/1998 - "One month administration of acetazolamide (ACET) (at sea level) improves periodic breathing and decreases the number of central apneas (CA) (De Backer et al., 1995 Am. J" 04/01/1998 - "Central sleep apnea after interrupting longterm acetazolamide therapy." 01/01/1995 - "Central apnea index decreases after prolonged treatment with acetazolamide." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	SASIBA 08/01/2008 - "Complex SAS is defined as SAS that initially manifests as primarily obstructive SAS, but is characterized by the frequent central apneas after the removal of upper airway obstruction" 01/01/2008 - "The EF was 36.3 +/- 7.4%, and 36 patients were NYHA class II, 23 were class III, and one patient was class IV. A total of 38 patients had SAS (63%): 14 (36%) had central sleep apnea and 24 (64%) had obstructive sleep apnea" 06/01/2007 - "There are two types of SAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS)" 06/01/2000 - "The SAS consisted of three subtypes: central apnea (CA) in 56 patients, obstructive apnea (OA) in 124 and mixed apnea (MA) in eight" 05/01/1996 - "RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the central apnea group had SO, and 70% of the mixed apneas had MO, while only 15% of the obstructed apneas had MO. The percentage of patients with severe SAS (AI of 20% or higher) was 48% for the SO, and 70% for the MO. The lowest SaO2 value tended to be low in the mixed apnea in the case of PSG, and tended to be low in the MO at MR examination" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Carbon DioxideIBA 01/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of added carbon dioxide as adjunctive therapy to positive airway pressure-refractory mixed obstructive and central sleep-disordered breathing, using a prototype device-the positive airway pressure gas modulator" 01/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: Low concentrations of carbon dioxide added to conventional positive airway pressure effectively control severe treatment-resistant mixed obstructive and central sleep-disordered breathing." 09/23/1999 - "Although enhanced sensitivity to carbon dioxide helps maintain the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide within a narrow range during waking hours, in some persons a large hyperventilatory response during sleep may lower the value below the apneic threshold, thereby resulting in central apnea" 09/23/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced sensitivity to carbon dioxide may predispose some patients with heart failure to the development of central sleep apnea." 09/23/1999 - "I tested the hypothesis that enhanced sensitivity to carbon dioxide contributes to the development of central sleep apnea in some patients with heart failure" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "His left ventricular ejection fraction was 36%, diastolic left ventricular dimension was 71.4mm, and brain natriuretic peptide was 383.8 pg/ml. In this patient, central sleep disordered breathing was improved by biventricular pacing therapy after only 48 days." 05/01/2005 - "Brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure and central sleep apnea." 05/01/2005 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible relationship between Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) associated with central sleep apnea (CSA) syndrome and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in an outpatient population presenting with stable congestive heart failure (CHF)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	mirtazapine (Rexer)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1999 - "This study reports the effects of mirtazapine, an antidepressant with 5-HT(1) agonist as well as 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) antagonist effects, on sleep and respiration in an established animal model of central apnea" 12/01/1999 - "We conclude that mirtazapine, over a 50-fold dose range, significantly reduces central apnea expression during NREM and REM sleep in the rat" 09/01/2004 - "In an animal model of central apnea the use of mirtazapine produced a significant reduction of apneas" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Oxyhemoglobins (Oxyhemoglobin)IBA 12/15/1999 - "Treatment with O2 resulted in a significant reduction in AHI (49+/-19 vs 29+/-29, means+/-SD), central apnea index (28+/-23 vs 13+/-18 per hour), and the percent of total sleep time below an arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of 90% (23+/-21% vs 0.8+/-2.3%)" 07/01/2003 - "METHODS: SHHS methodologies have been previously reported and include performance of overnight, in-home polysomnography (PSG), which recorded variables reflecting sleep architecture and breathing, permitting identification of obstructive and central apneas, hypopneas, periodic breathing and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO(2))" 05/01/2002 - "Relative to the first-night PSG, on the second PSG, we observed the following: shorter latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P<0.001), increased sleep efficiency (P<0.01), decreased wake after sleep onset (WASO) time (P<0.01), decreased percentage of non-REM time with oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO(2))< or =90% (P<0.05), decreased number of central apneas per hour (P<0.05) and reduced respiratory rate in stage 2 sleep on night 2 (P<0.05)" 03/01/2006 - "Snoring-associated arousals accounted exclusively for this relationship; spontaneous arousals and those that were associated with central apnea and oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes (> or =4%) were not significantly correlated with MDI" 06/02/1998 - "Sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation were significantly more severe and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (22% versus 5%) and ventricular arrhythmias were greater in group 2 than in group 1. Forty percent of all patients had central sleep apnea, and 11% had obstructive sleep apnea" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 02/01/1990 - "These data, if replicated, imply that benzodiazepine use may be beneficial in patients with central sleep apnea." 03/01/1998 - "We conclude that both hypnotic and non-hypnotic doses of benzodiazepines may be associated with suppression of sleep-related central apnea" 03/02/1990 - "Although the benzodiazepines may reduce sleep fragmentation, their long-term use may also cause health problems, such as complete obstructive sleep apnea in heavy snorers or short repetitive central sleep apnea in patients with recent myocardial infarction" 05/01/2008 - "We found a direct relation between the central apnea index and the daily dosage of methadone (P = 0.008) and also with benzodiazepines (P = 0.004)" 03/01/2005 - "Conclusion: Prescribing benzodiazepines during an opiate withdrawal of the methadone type is not recommended when central apnea occurs." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 11/10/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: Although CPAP attenuated central sleep apnea, improved nocturnal oxygenation, increased the ejection fraction, lowered norepinephrine levels, and increased the distance walked in six minutes, it did not affect survival" 03/18/2003 - "BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with central sleep apnea (CHF-CSA) have elevated plasma norepinephrine (NE) compared with CHF patients without apnea (CHF-N)" 08/01/1995 - "We hypothesized that (1) patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) would have greater nocturnal urinary and daytime plasma norepinephrine concentrations (UNE and PNE, respectively) than those without CSR-CSA because of apneas, hypoxia and arousals from sleep and (2) attenuation of CSR-CSA by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) would reduce UNE and PNE concentrations" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 12/01/2007 - "Moving beyond empiric continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trials for central sleep apnea: a multi-modality titration study." 07/01/2007 - "The significance and outcome of continuous positive airway pressure-related central sleep apnea during split-night sleep studies." 08/01/2004 - "Mortality data is emerging also, and the first of a large scale mortality trial assessing the effect of attenuating central sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with moderate to severe CHF, is well underway" 09/01/1996 - "Recent medium-term trials involving small numbers of patients have demonstrated that nocturnally applied continuous positive airway pressure in patients with CHF and central sleep apnea alleviates central sleep apnea, improves left ventricular function, reduces sympathetic nervous system activity and improves symptoms of CHF" 02/01/2002 - "Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves idiopathic central sleep apnea (ICSA), but the mechanisms are not completely understood" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Tracheostomy 09/01/1992 - "In one patient with a tracheostomy, the stimulus applied to his isolated upper airway evoked respiratory efforts during central apnea in 13 of 15 trials" 11/01/2008 - "Five of 6 patients with a tracheostomy were decannulated; 1 patient had persistent central apnea that prevented decannulation" 08/01/2005 - "Excluded were 1 ) adults, 2 ) neonates without tracheostomy, and 3 ) patients with central apnea" 07/01/2003 - "One of these 15 patients required a tracheostomy for postoperative central apnea" 03/01/1994 - "We hyperventilated nine 11- to 30-day-old awake nonsedated lambs via a tracheostomy for 1 min to induce central apnea" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (PEEP) 07/01/1989 - "The central apneas were eliminated with home nocturnal positive-pressure ventilation via cuffed tracheostomy tube" 04/28/1997 - "CONCLUSION: Nasal positive pressure ventilation was effectively able to treat central apneas and hypoventilation, nocturnal hypoxemia and cardiac arrhythmias were no longer observed" 12/01/2000 - "For central apnea, methylxanthines and/or supplemental oxygen proved sufficient in 2 of 9 and 3 of 6, respectively, but noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was required in 7 children" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Exercise (Aerobic Exercise) 12/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Six-month, aerobic exercise training increased exercise capacity and improved central sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure from systolic dysfunction." 12/01/2007 - "Six-month aerobic exercise training ameliorates central sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 11/10/2005 - "BACKGROUND: The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure trial tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would improve the survival rate without heart transplantation of patients who have central sleep apnea and heart failure" 06/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVE: The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Trial for Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Central Sleep Apnea (CANPAP) is a multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that treating CSR-CSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will reduce the combined rate of all-cause mortality and cardiac transplantation in patients with CHF" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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