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Intracranial Hypertension

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Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.

Also Known As:

Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure); Elevated Intracranial Pressure; ICP (Intracranial Pressure) Elevation; ICP (Intracranial Pressure) Increase; Intracranial Pressure Increase; Hypertension, Intracranial; ICP, Elevated (Intracranial Pressure); Intracranial Pressure, Elevated; Pressure Increase, Intracranial; Pressure, Elevated Intracranial

Networked: 1043 relevant articles (65 outcomes, 90 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3635
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 1026
  - Brain Diseases: 1224
    - Intracranial Hypertension: 1043

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
2.	Stroke (Strokes)
3.	Craniocerebral Trauma (Head Injury)
4.	Brain Edema (Cerebral Edema)
5.	Hypothermia

Experts

1.	Jalan, Rajiv: 7 articles (07/2009 - 10/2002)
2.	Lin, Mao-Tsun: 7 articles (02/2008 - 05/2004)
3.	Larsen, Fin Stolze: 5 articles (07/2009 - 07/2004)
4.	Citerio, G: 5 articles (09/2008 - 03/2000)
5.	Chang, Ching-Ping: 5 articles (12/2007 - 05/2004)
6.	Engelhard, Kristin: 4 articles (02/2010 - 10/2004)
7.	Sahuquillo, J: 4 articles (09/2008 - 06/2004)
8.	Pahl, Heike L: 4 articles (04/2008 - 05/2002)
9.	Loop, Torsten: 4 articles (04/2008 - 05/2002)
10.	Humar, Matjaz: 4 articles (04/2008 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Intracranial Hypertension:

1.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2000 - "Clinically both mannitol and hypertonic saline (HTS) have been used successfully to treat elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), although which therapy is superior is yet unclear. " 06/01/2000 - "Mannitol is effective in reducing ICP, and its use is recommended as a guideline in the management of traumatic intracranial hypertension. " 07/01/1995 - "In this study, the fluid regimen was compared with hypertonic mannitol to investigate their therapeutic efficacy in intracranial hypertension. " 08/01/2009 - "Both mannitol and varied concentrations of hypertonic saline (HTS) have been shown to be effective at reducing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). " 05/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: Hypertonic saline, in both 3 and 23.4% concentrations, is as effective as mannitol in the treatment of intracranial hypertension observed in association with ICH. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	barbituric acid (barbiturate)IBA 01/01/1983 - "Barbiturate administration has been beneficial in some cases of sustained, uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. " 10/01/1999 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in cerebral hemodynamics of head-injured patients undergoing barbiturate treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension. " 06/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of barbiturate therapy as an adjunctive treatment for control of intracranial hypertension when conventional methods failed. " 11/01/2008 - "Barbiturate infusion for intractable intracranial hypertension and its effect on brain oxygenation." 01/01/2008 - "Hyperflow along with intracranial hypertension, variably responsive to barbiturate therapy, was observed in all the patients by means of TCD and CEO2. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	BarbituratesIBA 04/01/1983 - "Our experience suggests that barbiturates can be effective in lowering intracranial pressure in patients with otherwise unresponsive intracranial hypertension, and, by doing so, may decrease the mortality in a group of patients considered untreatable by the usual therapeutic modalities." 01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of barbiturates in the treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension in severely head-injured children." 01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of barbiturates in the treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension in severely head-injured children." 11/01/2008 - "Larger studies are needed to examine the relationship between barbiturates and cerebral oxygenation in brain-injured patients with refractory intracranial hypertension and to determine whether PbtO2 responses can help guide therapy." 06/01/1987 - "In this study, the mechanism of action of barbiturates was examined in dogs with intracranial hypertension induced by injecting autogenous incubated blood into the chiasmatic cistern. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Glycerol (Glycerine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1982 - "Glycerol was found to be effective and safe when employed in this protocol and proved to be a valuable adjunct to the standard methods available for control of intracranial hypertension." 01/01/2004 - "Our study indicates that besides the measurement of serum osmolality and serum glycerol level, microdialysis may be an additional valuable tool to control glycerol therapy in patients with cerebral oedema and elevated intracranial pressure." 03/01/1983 - "Continuous measurement of pressure during intravenous administration of glycerol demonstrated that a significant fall of pressure preceded the regression of clinical signs of intracranial hypertension." 03/01/1982 - "Oral glycerol for the treatment of traumatic intracranial hypertension." 10/05/1966 - "[Use of glycerol per os in the fundamental treatment of intracranial hypertension]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Hetastarch (Pentastarch)FDA Link 10/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: 7.2% saline in 6% hydroxyethyl starch is an effective and safe therapy for intracranial hypertension after SAH. " 01/01/1997 - "The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of administration of HS (7.5%) combined with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (molecular weight 200.000/0.60-0.66; HHES) for the treatment of therapy-resistant intracranial hypertension in patients with severe TBI. " 01/01/1997 - "The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of administration of HS (7.5%) combined with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (molecular weight 200,000/0.60-0.66; HHES) for the treatment of intracranial hypertension refractory to standard therapy in patients with severe TBI. " 10/01/2004 - "Predictable reduction of intracranial hypertension with hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch: a prospective clinical trial in critically ill patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage." 03/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection (HSH) in treatment of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock in dogs, and explore the mechanism of the effects of HSH. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/01/1991 - "Episodic exacerbations were accompanied by intracranial hypertension and were relieved by the administration of corticosteroids. " 04/13/1996 - "Corticosteroids were used to treat intracranial hypertension in 19 units. " 06/01/1981 - "The elevated intracranial pressure was apparently consequent to an abrupt reduction in circulating corticosteroids. " 03/24/1962 - "[Intracranial hypertension caused by corticosteroids.]" 08/01/2001 - "After the placement of external ventricular drainage, symptoms of intracranial hypertension promptly improved, and other clinical and radiological abnormalities gradually resolved following intravenous injection of corticosteroids. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1985 - "The patient had received dexamethasone because of elevated intracranial pressure, and he was supervised via computerised tomography. " 04/01/1967 - "[Effect of dexamethasone on ventricular fluid pressure in cases of intracranial hypertension]" 05/02/1996 - " Patients with numerous cysts and those in whom neurologic symptoms or intracranial hypertension develops after therapy against cysticerci should receive adjunctive therapy with dexamethasone. " 06/01/1989 - "In spite of starving because of invasive diagnostic procedures, high-dose dexamethasone therapy of peritumoral edema, and changes in food intake because of psychical alterations and repeated vomiting resulting from elevated intracranial pressure no abnormalities were found in the data measured. " 12/01/1989 - "Dexamethasone therapy was associated with a significantly increased incidence of hyperglycemia (89% vs 8%) but did not influence the incidence of hypertension, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or retinopathy of prematurity. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	3- (2- carboxypiperazin- 4- yl)propyl- 1- phosphonic acid (CPP)IBA 07/01/2009 - "The ICP was higher while CPP and compliance were lower whenever the basal cisterns were effaced in cases of cerebral oedema with Marshall III and IV. In comparison, the study revealed lower ICP, higher mean CPP and better mean cerebral compliance if the basal cisterns were opened or the post operative CT brain scan showed Marshall I and II. These findings suggested the surgical evacuation of clots to reduce the mass volume and restoration of brain anatomy may reduce vascular engorgement and cerebral oedema, therefore preventing intracranial hypertension, and improving cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebral compliance. " 01/01/2000 - "Some authors have suggested that CPP is more important in influencing outcome than is intracranial hypertension, a hypothesis that this study was designed to investigate. " 07/01/2008 - "However, this approach to predicting intracranial hypertension and CPP needs to be further refined and developed before clinical application is feasible." 01/01/2008 - "In contrast, vascular resistance increased significantly during intractable intracranial hypertension and was directly related to CPP, indicating impaired cerebrovascular regulation. " 06/01/2006 - "METHODS: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was reduced stepwise in 6 pigs by inducing intracranial hypertension with consequently cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) reduction: CBF 100%, 50-60 % of baseline, 20-30% of baseline. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Hypertonic Saline SolutionIBA 09/01/2002 - "Hypertonic saline solution (HSS) has been investigated in the treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH) in a limited number of studies, usually after failure of conventional treatment. " 09/01/2009 - "Hypertonic saline solutions are effective at reducing intracranial pressure in conditions causing acute intracranial hypertension. " 10/01/2007 - "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide an update on recent knowledge gained on hypertonic saline solutions for the treatment of intracranial hypertension. " 10/01/2007 - "Hypertonic saline solutions for treatment of intracranial hypertension." 06/01/2003 - "The mean number (6.9 +/- 5.6 vs. 13.3 +/- 14.6 episodes) of intracranial hypertension episodes per day and the daily duration (67 +/- 85 vs. 131 +/- 123 min) of intracranial hypertension episodes were significantly lower in the hypertonic saline solution group (p <.01). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Ketamine FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1997 - "Studies in spontaneously ventilating pigs with and without intracranial hypertension have shown that racemic ketamine (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) produces increases in PaCO2 and ICP. " 07/01/2009 - "In Group 2, when ketamine was administered to lower persistent intracranial hypertension, ICP decreased by 33% (from 26.0 +/- 9.1 to 17.5 +/- 9.1 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001) following ketamine administration. " 07/01/2009 - "Effectiveness of ketamine in decreasing intracranial pressure in children with intracranial hypertension." 09/01/2008 - "Racemic, S(+)- and R(-)-ketamine do not increase elevated intracranial pressure." 03/01/1998 - "In patients with intracranial abnormalities ketamine can increase intracranial hypertension and disorder the cerebral perfusion. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompressive Craniectomy 01/01/2009 - "OBJECT: In this study, the authors investigated the clinical efficacy of decompressive craniectomy treatments for nontraumatic intracranial hypertension in children. " 01/01/2002 - "In nine patients, who underwent decompressive craniectomy for treatment of life-threatening intracranial hypertension, when the clinical conditions improved, just before cranioplasty, the blood flow velocities at middle cerebral artery (MCA) and at superior sagittal sinus (SSS) level were simultaneously recorded. " 10/01/2008 - "METHODS: In this study, a retrospective review was done on 23 patients undergoing the cranioplasty and VP shunt operation after the decompressive craniectomy for a refractory intracranial hypertension from 2002 to 2005. " 11/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of decompressive craniectomy in patients with intractable posttraumatic intracranial hypertension and to evaluate the patient selection criteria for this management protocol. " 12/01/2001 - "We conclude that this study provides pathophysiological evidence that bifrontal decompressive craniectomy significantly reduces posttraumatic intracranial hypertension and improves pressure dynamics. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Decompression 02/01/2004 - "External decompression can be an effective treatment for acute intracranial hypertension, but the cranial defect must be repaired. " 03/01/1984 - "External decompression is an effective treatment for acute intracranial hypertension, but the repair of cranial defect by cranioplasty is necessary sooner or later. " 03/01/2009 - "We compared these tissues with 12 histologically normal temporal neocortex from intracranial hypertension patients who had decompression procedures. " 03/01/2008 - "Optic nerve sheath decompression for visual loss in intracranial hypertension: report from a tertiary care center in South India." 09/20/2007 - "We compared these tissues with nine histologically normal anterior temporal lobes from intracranial hypertension patients who had decompression procedures. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 08/01/1995 - "A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt relieved the symptoms of intracranial hypertension. " 11/16/2009 - "Nevertheless, because of the persistence of the symptoms of intracranial hypertension, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt had to be performed in this patient. " 04/01/2009 - "We present a case of a 66 year old woman with a double ventriculo-peritoneal shunt that was admitted to the emergency service with an intracranial hypertension syndrome. " 02/27/2008 - "Intracranial hypertension should be excluded especially in children with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, since shunt dysfunction can be fatal. " 06/01/2006 - "A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Codman Hakim Programmable Valve) was placed for management of intracranial hypertension and intrathecal chemotheray. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 11/01/2005 - "Such indications include postoperative anxiety and agitation, airway management and mechanical ventilation, protection against myocardial ischaemia and intracranial hypertension control. " 07/01/2008 - "Under cover of mechanical ventilation, sedation is the first line treatment of intracranial hypertension, a common pathway of various acute brain diseases of traumatic, vascular or other origin. " 08/01/1995 - "Sedative and neuromuscular blocking (NMB) drugs are used to facilitate care of head trauma patients requiring mechanical ventilation or therapy of intracranial hypertension. " 06/01/1987 - "The effects of spontaneous respiration and mechanical ventilation were examined by investigating the interaction between elevated intracranial pressure and alcohol intoxication. " 12/01/1995 - "All patients required controlled mechanical ventilation and deep sedation (Ramsay Score 5-6) for 7 days or more due to acute respiratory failure or elevated intracranial pressure. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Liver Transplantation 04/01/2003 - "The management of brain oedema and intracranial hypertension requires a multidisciplinar approach in a center where liver transplantation is available, as this option is the only treatment modality that provides improvement in outcome. " 12/01/2002 - "Studies in patients with ALF and increased intracranial hypertension have shown that temperatures as low as 32 degrees C are safe and effectively reduce increased intracranial pressure unresponsive to other medical therapies, and can be used as a successful bridge to liver transplantation. " 03/07/1998 - "Treatment guided by monitoring of intracranial pressure can lead to the reversal of intracranial hypertension, but in most patients cerebral oedema contributes to death or places them at too high a risk for liver transplantation." 05/01/1993 - "Factors associated with severe intracranial hypertension in candidates for emergency liver transplantation." 07/01/1992 - "All but one patient undergoing liver transplantation had transient intraoperative intracranial hypertension develop, requiring medical treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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