Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

A severe form of acute INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS characterized by one or more areas of NECROSIS in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems. Massive pancreatic necrosis may lead to DIABETES MELLITUS, and malabsorption.

Also Known As:

Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Hemorrhagic Necrotic Pancreatitides; Necrosis, Pancreatic; Necrotic Pancreatitis, Hemorrhagic; Pancreatic Necroses; Pancreatitis Necrotisings; Pancreatitis Necrotizings; Pancreatitis, Hemorrhagic Necrotic; Hemorrhagic Necrotic Pancreatitis; Necrotizing Pancreatitis, Acute; Pancreatic Necrosis; Pancreatitis Necrotising; Pancreatitis Necrotizing

Networked: 1537 relevant articles (86 outcomes, 204 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Digestive System Diseases: 1042
- Pancreatic Diseases: 1635
  - Pancreatitis: 23128
    - Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis: 1537

Related Diseases

1.	Pancreatitis
2.	Infections
3.	Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
4.	Abscess
5.	Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Experts

1.	Papachristou, Georgios I: 21 articles (01/2022 - 06/2007)
2.	Gupta, Rajesh: 19 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
3.	Li, Weiqin: 15 articles (01/2022 - 04/2003)
4.	Baron, Todd H: 15 articles (01/2021 - 08/2003)
5.	Xia, Qing: 13 articles (06/2021 - 02/2000)
6.	Tong, Zhihui: 12 articles (01/2022 - 03/2012)
7.	Comert, Bilgin: 12 articles (05/2012 - 11/2002)
8.	Ke, Lu: 11 articles (01/2022 - 09/2010)
9.	Rana, Surinder Singh: 11 articles (01/2022 - 09/2013)
10.	Zhu, Yin: 11 articles (01/2022 - 01/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2023 - "In 1994, Claudio Bassi reported a case of medical treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN); then since 1996 numerous articles of case series were published with treatment only with antibiotics with good outcomes. " 09/01/2016 - "The present study aims at providing the rationale for the design of new research protocols evaluating the efficacy of local antibiotics for infected pancreatic necrosis. " 04/01/2015 - "Also, early prophylactic antibiotics use was associated with reduced incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis (antibiotics 16.3%, controls 25.1%; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92). " 01/01/2006 - "Efficacy of antibiotic penetration into pancreatic necrosis." 04/01/2015 - "A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prophylactic antibiotics for acute necrotizing pancreatitis was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina. "
2.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 09/01/2010 - "Various studies have been performed to find out novel treatment strategies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). " 09/01/2022 - "Aim - to estimate the efficacy of the algorithmic step-up approach of interventional treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).; We performed a prospective observational cohort study of the efficacy of the developed approach of surgical treatment of 317 patients with different morphological forms of ANP. " 03/01/2021 - "The main purpose of this study was to review the trends in management of patients presenting with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) over the last seven years and its effect on morbidity and mortality. " 10/01/2020 - "This study is aimed to compare the clinical outcome of the current standard approach with early on-demand PCD in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) patients with ANC and POF. " 01/01/2020 - "The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of site and size of EPN on the clinical outcomes in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). "
3.	MetalsIBA 02/01/2018 - "Same-session placement of multiple lumen-apposing metal stents to provide effective drainage of extensive walled-off pancreatic necrosis." 12/01/2017 - " Bi-flanged metal stents (BFMS) have shown promise in the drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON), but their placement requires multiple steps and the use of other devices. " 03/01/2021 - "This retrospective two-center study evaluated direct endoscopic necrosectomy using lumen apposing metal stents in case of proven or suspected infected pancreatic necrosis in an early stage of the disease. " 01/01/2021 - "International, multicenter retrospective trial comparing the efficacy and safety of bi-flanged versus lumen-apposing metal stents for endoscopic drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis." 11/01/2020 - "Background and study aims Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are increasingly used for drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON). "
4.	MelatoninIBA 05/01/2012 - "Melatonin ameliorates acute necrotizing pancreatitis by the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis." 09/01/2004 - "Effects of melatonin on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats." 11/01/2010 - "[The expression of melatonin MT1 receptor in acute necrotizing pancreatitis rats and the protective effects of melatonin]." 12/01/2016 - "at 1 h intervals were administered in l-arginine control, COE and melatonin-treated groups to produce acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 06/01/2014 - "Melatonin reduces inflammation and recovers endogenous ghrelin in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats."
5.	CalciumIBA 05/01/1981 - "This indicates that serum total and ionized calcium is helpful in making the diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 07/29/2019 - "PHPT-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed on the basis of her serum calcium, parathyroid levels and imaging results. " 11/01/2017 - "The patient developed, however, an acute, necrotizing pancreatitis, probably related to iatrogenic high calcium levels. " 02/01/1967 - "[Behavior of total serum calcium and its fractions in the course of experimentally induced acute pancreatic necrosis]." 05/01/2017 - "We describe a case of a 35-year-old male presenting with complaints of pain abdomen, clinically diagnosed as acute necrotizing pancreatitis, with raised serum calcium. "
6.	Imipenem FDA Link 03/01/2001 - "This single-center randomized study was designed to compare early vs. delayed imipenem treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 05/01/1993 - "Therefore, the authors recommend prophylactic use of imipenem in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis." 05/01/1993 - "A randomized multicenter clinical trial of antibiotic prophylaxis of septic complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis with imipenem." 03/01/2009 - "to evaluate the capacity of Imipenem as a prophylactic treatment for decreasing the number of infected necrosis and surgeries, as well as for diminishing septic complications and the mortality rate among patients with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 03/01/2009 - "12.5% of the patients that received Imipenem developed pancreatic necrosis infection, while said infection only appeared in 6% of the patients in the group that did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis; nevertheless, none of the comparisons reached statistical significance. "
7.	Erythropoietin FDA Link 12/14/2007 - "Protective effects of erythropoietin against acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis." 07/01/2009 - "Erythropoietin (EPO) elicits protective effects in lung ischemia-reperfusion, hyperoxia, acute necrotizing pancreatitis, and some other tissues. " 01/01/2009 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin on the severity of taurocolic acid-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 01/01/2009 - "Erythropoietin: a possible cytoprotective cytokine in acute necrotizing pancreatitis."
8.	Amylases FDA Link 08/01/2009 - "Serum amylase levels were exponentially reduced and normalized within 72 h in all patients; no pancreatic necrosis or any other late complications were observed. " 04/01/1994 - "Furthermore, maximal CRP levels > or = 10 times the upper limit of normal within 72 hours in all patients and amylase admission levels of > or = 3 times the upper limit of normal in alcoholics were significantly indicative of pancreatic necroses. " 07/01/1992 - "Eight of 27 (30%) patients with a serum amylase activity less than 1000 iu/l had pancreatic necrosis compared with 12 of the remaining 390 (3.1%) patients (p less than 0.001); the mortality was also significantly different (44% v 5.6% respectively, p less than 0.001). " 09/01/1991 - "The condition was associated with an increase in the serum amylase levels as well as progressive pancreatic necrosis resulting in 100% mortality before 36 hours. " 02/01/1978 - "[Mechanism of decrease of the level of urinary amylase in pancreatic necrosis]."
9.	Lipase (Acid Lipase)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "C7 alone increased plasma lipase activity and the pancreatic necrosis score compared with saline treatment alone, whereas the other antagonists were without effect. " 10/01/1971 - "[Ultrastructure of the acinar cells of the pigeon's pancreas and the pancreatic lipase activity in acute pancreatic necrosis]." 02/01/1992 - "The primary pancreatic insult seemed to be unaffected by the treatment, because neither the rise in plasma lipase nor the development of ascites or the extension of the pancreatic necrosis were diminished. " 07/15/2000 - "The only laboratory test that appeared to be helpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities in abdominal fluid and serum." 12/01/2012 - "The levels of serum amylase and lipase and histologic scores of pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly higher at 3 hours in stat3(Δ/Δ) mice than in stat3(flox/flox) mice. "
10.	ethyl pyruvateIBA 01/01/2019 - "Ethyl pyruvate treatment ameliorates pancreatic damage: evidence from a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis." 07/01/2004 - "Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Debridement 09/01/2002 - "Laparoscopic transgastric pancreatic necrosectomy appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive approach for the debridement and internal drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis in the selected patient. " 11/01/2007 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic debridement of organized pancreatic necrosis and to identify procedural aspects that may improve outcome. " 03/01/1998 - "Patients with limited pancreatic necrosis required a single operative debridement and drainage, and this was associated with improved outcomes. " 03/01/1995 - "Improved survival in acute necrotizing pancreatitis despite limiting the indications for surgical debridement." 03/01/1992 - "Three patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (no surgery) were not cured by the interventional procedure and all required surgical debridement. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2004 - "We suggest that adding the HBO therapy as an adjunctive to the treatment protocol of acute necrotizing pancreatitis may yield improvement in the morbidity and mortality of the disease." 01/01/2015 - "The study was able to adapt and improve the two-tier immunocorretion in pancreatic necrosis in a multidisciplinary surgical hospital that along with the other constituents of intensive therapy has allowed a whole to reduce the amount of intra-abdominal and extraabdominal complications--sterile pancreatic necrosis phase--from 23.6% to 14.6 and 31 6% to 15.0% respectively, total lethality--from 17.6% to 7.2% lethality in patients with non-operated group--from 15.6% to 2.2% lethality in the group of patients operated--18.4% to 10.9%. " 01/01/2014 - "Studies using ETN as a primary mode of therapy to treat organized pancreatic necrosis were selected. " 04/01/2000 - "The aim of this study is to define the actual role of surgical therapy in severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 01/01/1997 - "This is exemplified by various animal experimental studies on the therapy of infectious complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis that were performed preliminary or supplementary to clinical studies. "
3.	Stents 02/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrosis with these stents. " 07/06/2022 - "The study group comprised 52 patients (36 men and 16 women; mean age, 50.87 (13-75) years) with walled-off pancreatic necrosis, in whom PEN using a self-expandable esophageal stent had been performed. " 05/01/2019 - "Direct endoscopic necrosectomy at the time of transmural stent placement results in earlier resolution of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis: Results from a large multicenter United States trial." 01/01/2022 - "Endoscopic transpapillary drainage for walled-off pancreatic necrosis with complete main pancreatic duct disruption by metallic stent placement: A retrospective study." 01/01/2022 - "Delayed duodenal perforation by placement of transmural double-pigtail stents after successful drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis."
4.	Catheters 12/01/2016 - "Percutaneous catheter drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis is a technique that has been demonstrated to be potentially useful in the treatment of this group of patients. " 04/01/1998 - "Percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and effective technique for treating infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 08/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous catheter drainage for infected pancreatic necrosis. " 04/01/1998 - "The objective of this paper was to assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage for initial treatment of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 12/01/2022 - "Further studies are required to explore these predictive factors in a larger sample size to predict the success of catheter drainage in infected pancreatic necrosis."
5.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 02/01/2005 - "We suggested that antibiotic prophylaxis with proven efficacy in necrotic pancreatic tissues should be given to all patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 05/01/2009 - "This study addresses whether antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 03/01/2015 - "Several studies have yielded conflicting results on the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in improving outcomes in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. " 09/01/2009 - "To review studies of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute necrotizing pancreatitis published in the last decade and update recommendations. " 04/01/2004 - "This study detected no benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to the risk of developing infected pancreatic necrosis."