Female Circumcision (Infibulation)

A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitoridectomy, and infibulation. It is associated with severe health risks and has been declared illegal in many places, but continues to be widely practiced in a number of countries, particularly in Africa.

Also Known As:

Networked: 105 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Abdulcadir, Jasmine: 6 articles (10/2021 - 04/2012)
2.	Boulvain, Michel: 2 articles (05/2020 - 10/2016)
3.	Studd, John: 2 articles (06/2009 - 12/2007)
4.	Johansen, R Elise B: 2 articles (09/2002 - 04/2002)
5.	Aerts, Leen: 1 article (10/2021)
6.	Bazzoun, Yara: 1 article (10/2021)
7.	Bellizzi, Saverio: 1 article (05/2020)
8.	Rashidian, Arash: 1 article (05/2020)
9.	Say, Lale: 1 article (05/2020)
10.	Earp, Brian D: 1 article (01/2020)

Related Diseases

1.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection) 04/15/2014 - "In the regions of Africa where female circumcision (FC) is practiced, it is often regarded as a protective against HIV infection because it is believed to help women resist "illicit" sexual acts. " 11/01/2007 - "Regarding "male and female circumcision associated with prevalent HIV infection in virgins and adolescents in Kenya, Lesotho, and Tanzania"." 11/01/2007 - "Comments on Brewer et al., "Male and female circumcision associated with prevalent HIV infection in virgins and adolescents in Kenya, Lesotho, and Tanzania"." 03/01/2007 - "We assessed the relation between male and female circumcision (genital cutting) and prevalent HIV infection in Kenyan, Lesothoan, and Tanzanian virgins and adolescents. " 03/01/2007 - "Male and female circumcision associated with prevalent HIV infection in virgins and adolescents in Kenya, Lesotho, and Tanzania."
2.	Infertility (Sterility) 07/01/2002 - "This study explores the association between type of female circumcision and infertility and fertility in Sudan using the 1989-90 Demographic and Health Survey. " 08/01/2000 - "This study explores the association between female circumcision and infertility and fertility, using information from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). " 06/01/2004 - "To present a case report of a patient with primary infertility from female circumcision, the management of the patient, and a review of the literature. " 06/01/2004 - "Infertility from female circumcision." 07/01/2002 - "The effects of type of female circumcision on infertility and fertility in Sudan."
3.	Hemorrhage 10/01/2016 - "One woman who attended the clinic only once during her first pregnancy consulted the emergency ward of the study center 3years later because of postcoital bleeding following infibulation performed in her home country a few months after her second delivery in Switzerland. " 01/01/1978 - " The disadvantages of female circumcision mentioned by the nurses were decrease of libido (21.5%), hemorrhage (20.7%), and disfigurement (1.5%). " 04/01/1986 - "Palliative surgical procedures such as hemorrhoidectomy, clitoridectomy, and excision of bleeding vascular nevi were performed. " 01/01/1966 - " The defibulation operation can cause heavy bleeding and infections, especially genital infections, which can multiply quickly and unnoticed in the tissues created by the infibulation. " 01/01/1993 - " Immediate complications of female circumcision are bleeding, shock, wound infection, and swelling. "
4.	Eclampsia 05/20/2020 - "The present study suggests a possible association between infibulation and eclampsia. " 05/20/2020 - "Compared with the absence of female genital mutilation and adjusted for covariates, infibulation was associated with eclampsia (aOR 2.5; 95% CI:1.4-4.6), while the association was not significant in women with other categories of FGM. " 01/01/1984 - " Warning signs and emergency treatment for eclampsia and preeclampsia, anemia, malaria, and other dangers are reviewed, including placenta previa, female circumcision, and sexually transmitted diseases. "
5.	XX Disorders of Sex Development 46 (Female Pseudohermaphroditism) 05/01/1958 - "Psychologic studies before and after clitoridectomy in female pseudohermaphroditism caused by congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Suspensions
2.	Plastics
3.	Ointments (Pastes)
4.	Contraceptive Agents (Contraceptives)
5.	Antigens

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Anesthesia
2.	Female Circumcision (Infibulation)
3.	Episiotomy
4.	Blood Transfusion (Blood Transfusions)
5.	Hemorrhoidectomy