Ventricular Premature Complexes (Premature Ventricular Contraction)

A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature contractions of the HEART VENTRICLES. It is characterized by the premature QRS complex on ECG that is of abnormal shape and great duration (generally >129 msec). It is the most common form of all cardiac arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes have no clinical significance except in concurrence with heart diseases.

Also Known As:

Premature Ventricular Contraction; Ventricular Extrasystoles; Premature Ventricular Complex; Ventricular Premature Complex; Ectopic Beat, Ventricular; Ectopic Beats, Ventricular; Premature Ventricular Beat; Ventricular Beat, Premature; Ventricular Beats, Premature; Ventricular Complex, Premature; Ventricular Contraction, Premature; Ventricular Contractions, Premature; Ventricular Ectopic Beat; Ventricular Extrasystole; Extrasystole, Ventricular; Premature Ventricular Beats; Premature Ventricular Contractions; Ventricular Ectopic Beats

Networked: 2269 relevant articles (165 outcomes, 204 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ventricular Tachycardia
2.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)
3.	Myocardial Infarction
4.	Ventricular Fibrillation
5.	Cardiomyopathies (Cardiomyopathy)

Experts

1.	Nogami, Akihiko: 12 articles (11/2021 - 08/2004)
2.	Hasdemir, Can: 10 articles (04/2021 - 10/2008)
3.	Zhang, Shu: 10 articles (01/2020 - 10/2007)
4.	Shivkumar, Kalyanam: 8 articles (01/2022 - 08/2011)
5.	Di Biase, Luigi: 8 articles (12/2021 - 08/2011)
6.	Yamada, Takumi: 8 articles (10/2021 - 09/2007)
7.	Ellenbogen, Kenneth A: 8 articles (05/2021 - 10/2015)
8.	Huizar, Jose F: 8 articles (05/2021 - 10/2015)
9.	Santangeli, Pasquale: 8 articles (02/2021 - 08/2011)
10.	Tandri, Harikrishna: 7 articles (05/2022 - 09/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ventricular Premature Complexes:

1.	Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)IBA 06/01/2019 - "Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a well-established approach to treat premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and is associated with good outcomes. " 01/01/1991 - "Compared with the control group, these patients showed a significant reduction in the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) at rest, as well as an increased tolerance during ergometric cycle exercise as demonstrated by an increased maximal cardiac frequency, increased maximal systolic arterial blood pressure and therefore also increased double cardiac product and reduced ST-segment depression during maximal effort. " 03/01/2022 - "Premature ventricular complex (PVC) ablation has been shown to improve left ventricle (LV) diastolic function and left atrial (LA) reverse modeling, especially in the short term. " 11/01/2007 - "RF ablation of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC) has recently been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function and dimensions in a few patients, however mainly when they originated from the right ventricular outflow tract. " 10/27/2023 - "The study employed substrate modification (including endocardial and epicardial approaches) and VF-triggering premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablation strategies. "
2.	Mexiletine (Mexitil)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1989 - "Mexiletine treatment resulted in a highly significant reduction in the mean number of premature ventricular beats from 163 to 28 and 30/24 h, respectively (p less than 0.01). " 05/01/1984 - "Our results show that: Propafenon is better tolerated; Propafenon has caused a statistically significant reduction of the total number of ventricular ectopic beats/24 hours; the efficacy of Propafenon has been greater than that of Mexiletine (66% and 25% respectively); with both drugs, in 2 cases, there was an increase of the total number of ventricular ectopic beats/24 hours; Propafenon has induced clear-cut electrocardiogram changes (statistically significant lengthening of P-Q and Q-T intervals)." 06/19/1978 - "Treatment for 1 week with mexiletine 600 mg daily resulted in a statistically significant reduction in ventricular ectopic beats, particularly during and after exercise; there were virtually no side-effects. " 04/01/1986 - "Mexiletine is as effective as traditional antiarrhythmics in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions. " 01/01/1981 - "The efficacy of Mexiletine was assessed with use of both the arrhythmic modified classification of Lown and Wolf and count of premature ventricular beats (PVB) from 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings. "
3.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1993 - "There was a significant reduction in the number of ventricular ectopic beats over 24 hours (baseline: 15,541 +/- 17,599 vs verapamil treatment: 8892 +/- 15,582, p < 0.01). " 07/01/2001 - "Verapamil could suppress frequent ventricular premature complexes with a short coupling interval, which lead to Tdp. " 02/01/1994 - "In patients monitored twice, a significant increase of average ventricular premature complexes (VPC) per hour from before to 1 month (p = 0.0007) and 16 months (p = 0.02) after was demonstrated in the placebo group, and from before to 1 months (p = 0.01) after in the verapamil group. " 12/01/1990 - "The chronic effect on ventricular extrasystoles of the degrees of severity mostly II-IV were investigated in the open experiment on 17 patients as well as on 3 patients with supraventricular dysrhythmias and on 30 patients with ventricular extrasystoles Lown III-IV in the single blind cross-over experiments to verapamil retard. " 01/01/1988 - "Observed off verapamil over several months, the patient remained in normal sinus rhythm but continued to have numerous premature ventricular beats (PVB's). "
4.	Disopyramide (Norpace)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1989 - "Ritmilen is highly effective in ventricular extrasystole in the presence of slow sinus rhythm." 01/01/1986 - "Disopyramide gave a marked and significant reduction of ventricular ectopic beats both at rest and during and after exercise. " 12/01/1985 - "Low-dose (7 mg/kg per day) disopyramide administration to arrhythmic chagasic patients decreased the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in 4 of 17 patients (24%) and suppressed most complex ventricular arrhythmias in 12 of 15 patients (80%). " 10/01/1984 - "i. d.) compared to disopyramide (D) (200 mg t.i.d.) was thus investigated using a double-blind crossover placebo-controlled protocol in 12 patients, aged 13 to 67 years, with chronic stable high frequency premature ventricular beats (PVB), defined as greater than 100 PVB/h during 48-72-h control Holter monitoring. " 09/01/1983 - "We tested the safety of multiple bolus loading for intravenous disopyramide in 10 patients with frequent premature ventricular beats. "
5.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1985 - "Amiodarone (200 mg) given on a single blind, placebo-controlled basis to 9 of these patients reduced the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in 6 of 9 patients (67%) and suppressed complex ventricular ectopy in 6 of 7 patients (85%). " 10/01/1993 - "Although amiodarone can suppress ventricular ectopic beats, no trial yet conducted has detected an effect on mortality. " 01/01/1991 - "The efficacy (70 to 90%) of amiodarone in ventricular extrasystoles has been shown in open studies. " 06/27/2021 - "In the past year, he had been taking amiodarone for a history of ventricular ectopic beats. " 12/01/2011 - "Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were found initially following the cardiac insult that was controlled with oral amiodarone, and disappeared during follow-up. "
6.	Propafenone (Rythmol)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1987 - "At a dosage of 600 mg per day, propafenone is therefore effective in the treatment of ventricular extrasystoles in elderly patients and its tolerance is good. " 04/01/1987 - "The tolerance and efficacy of propafenone were studied in cases of chronic ventricular extrasystoles of the elderly (age greater than 70 years). " 05/01/1993 - "The efficacy of propafenone by oral route in the treatment of chronic ventricular extrasystoles (VES) was investigated in 14 subjects in the context of a multicenter evaluation carried out double blind and using a crossover sequence. " 04/01/1993 - "In conclusion, propafenone was found to have a valid antiarrhythmic effect, especially at the 900 mg/day dosage without interfering with left ventricular function which was even found to improve under chronic treatment, probably as a result of improved compliance thanks to the reduction of ventricular ectopic beats." 06/01/1998 - "[Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effects of slow release and immediate release forms of propafenone in patients ventricular extrasystole symptoms]."
7.	Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsIBA 08/01/1986 - "[Spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmias and evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy--studies evaluating the correlation between ventricular ectopic beat frequency and heart rate]." 04/01/1986 - "To be included in the study, patients with benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias were required to have an average of at least 30 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) per hour on 48-hour Holter monitoring after a 48-hour washout period without antiarrhythmic drug treatment. " 01/01/2018 - "Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs (IC-AADs) can effectively suppress premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). " 02/01/2000 - "The routine prophylactic use of antiarrhythmic drugs to suppress ventricular ectopic beats should be avoided. " 09/01/1996 - "We report here an 88-year-old male who had been treated with antiarrhythmic drugs because of occasional premature ventricular contraction. "
8.	Flecainide (Tambocor)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2018 - "The number of premature ventricular contractions was dramatically reduced with flecainide and the VT attacks completely disappeared. " 04/01/1989 - "This multicenter study in pts. with greater than 2400 ventricular ectopic beats/day confirms that flecainide is effective in the treatment of hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias including complex ones and that it is well tolerated in patients in a good NYHA functional class. " 04/01/1989 - "In the remaining 164 patients considered in the final evaluation, flecainide proved to be effective in 122 patients (74%) with a greater than 80% reduction of ventricular ectopic beats. " 04/01/1989 - "The aim of this multicentre study, carried out by the Italian Study Group on the Electrophysiology of Arrhythmias (GISEA) in 60 Italian Cardiology Centres on 260 patients, was to assess the efficacy and the safety of flecainide in the treatment of stable hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias (greater than 100 ventricular ectopic beats/hour per day). " 01/01/1985 - "In several open and a few controlled therapeutic trials, orally administered flecainide has brought about a greater than 90% suppression of ventricular ectopic beats in about 80% of patients. "
9.	Metoprolol (Toprol-XL)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1988 - "After one month's treatment with 200 mg metoprolol per day, a significant reduction in heart rate from 75 to 67 bpm was observed (p less than 0.05); however, antiarrhythmic efficacy with regard to the number of premature ventricular contractions and couplets was insignificant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 01/01/2022 - "A total of 11 RCTs of WXKL combined with metoprolol tartrate in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions were included in this study. " 12/01/1999 - "This study indicates that treatment with metoprolol succinate for a 6-month period is safe and well tolerated and is associated with an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction and a decrease in ventricular ectopic beats." 04/28/2022 - "Tongmai Yangxin Pill combined with metoprolol or metoprolol alone for the treatment of symptomatic premature ventricular complex: a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical study." 11/01/1988 - "Under a daily dose of 400 mg metoprolol, plasma levels increased from 235 +/- 326 (under 200 mg) to 841 +/- 613 mumol/l (p less than 0.001), and mean heart rate decreased from 75 to 63 bpm (p less than 0.001), the average number of ventricular extrasystoles decreased from 1,722 to 480/24 h (p less than 0.05) and the number of couplets from 38 to 7/24 h (p less than 0.05) when compared to the placebo period. "
10.	Sotalol (Sotalol Hydrochloride)FDA LinkGeneric 08/25/1979 - "The efficacy of sotalol in suppressing ventricular ectopic beats." 07/01/2000 - "The Holter electrocardiographic analysis (24 hours) demonstrated that sotalol (32 versus 92; p = 0.031) decreased the median number of ventricular events, mostly isolated premature ventricular beats. " 09/15/1995 - "A total of 233 patients presenting with > or = 30 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per hour during drug-free Holter monitoring randomly received placebo or d-sotalol at dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg BID. " 06/01/1995 - "The data obtained suggest that d-sotalol was moderately effective as an antiarrhythmic agent, in particular with respect to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and coupled and repetitive PVCs. " 03/01/1991 - "The efficacy and safety of 2 doses of sotalol (320 and 640 mg/day, divided in 2 doses) were compared to placebo in a 6-week randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of 114 patients with chronic ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) at frequencies of greater than or equal to 30/hour. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheter Ablation 01/01/2022 - "The objectives of this study are to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in patients with outflow tract (OT) ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and to explore the electrocardiographic (ECG) features of initially successful procedures. " 03/01/1997 - "Frequent ventricular ectopic beats were successfully eliminated by catheter ablation in all patients. " 09/01/2013 - "Catheter ablation of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) improves clinical status and systolic performance of the left ventricle (LV) in a certain subset of patients; however, whether or not VPC ablation is equally effective in younger (<=65 years) and older (>65 years) patients remains unclear. " 04/01/2021 - "Efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation for premature ventricular contractions in children." 01/01/2018 - "Premature ventricular contraction eliminated by radiofrequency catheter ablation from the pulmonary sinus cusp using the ventricular potentials in the summit communicating vein as a guide for mapping."
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/1992 - "The BB therapy effectively suppressed ventricular extrasystoles (VEs) in 85% of patients, as evidenced by improvement in Lown's grade or a reduction in the number of the highest grade VEs greater than 50%. " 10/01/1991 - "Anti-ischemic therapy proved rather effective in relation to to controlling ventricular extrasystole. " 01/01/2023 - "Therapy Efficacy of Idiopathic Ventricular Extrasystoles: A Real Life Study." 12/01/2018 - "Beta-blocker therapy was initiated as a first-line treatment for bidirectional VT and frequent polymorphic premature ventricular contractions. " 12/01/1983 - "The plasma P concentration, measured either at the time of electrophysiologic studies of when therapy was discontinued, was 753 +/- 428 ng/ml. P suppressed ventricular ectopic beats in 33% and increased them in 1 patient. "
3.	Catheters 10/01/1995 - "Frequent ventricular ectopic beats were successfully eliminated by catheter-delivered radiofrequency energy in all 10 patients. " 12/01/2023 - "Contact force (CF)-sensing catheters have not proved superior to standard catheters in the ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) from the right and left ventricular outflow tract (RVOT, LVOT). " 11/01/2023 - "Use of a QDOT MICRO catheter to identify a premature ventricular contraction origin in the right ventricular anterior papillary muscle in a repaired truncus arteriosus." 01/01/2023 - "A premature ventricular contraction was induced by intentional catheter contact with the myocardium within the left ventricle. " 07/01/2022 - "Selective angiography through radiofrequency catheter during ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from aortic cusp: A single-centre experience."
4.	Ligation 10/01/2017 - "Dogs exhibiting rate-related ventricular ectopic beats (coupling interval, 390 ± 54 milliseconds) during sinus rhythm or atrial pacing were studied 4-5 days (N = 63) or 25 days (N = 16) following anterior descending coronary artery ligation. " 06/01/1998 - "During the first 10 minutes following coronary ligation, activation delays were largest in ischemic subepicardium, with continuous electrical activity in ischemic epicardium linking a ventricular extrasystole to the preceding beat. " 01/01/1992 - "In ten anaesthetized open chest cats the ligation of left descending coronary artery (LLDCA) resulted in 80 percent of mortality with survival time of 40.9 +/- 8.6 min. The death of animals was preceded by premature ventricular contractions which occurred with frequency 7.3 +/- 0.6/min after 2.1 +/- 0.3 min following LLDCA. " 04/29/1986 - "Furthermore, the (+)-enantiomer significantly increased whilst the (--)-enantiomer reduced the number of ventricular ectopic beats occurring during coronary ligation. " 02/01/1982 - "Only the highest dose of drug also significantly reduced the number of ventricular ectopic beats following ligation. "
5.	Radiofrequency Ablation 12/01/2017 - "Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from aortic sinus cusps is not infrequent and can be eliminated effectively by radiofrequency ablation with rare complications. " 10/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate whether frequent premature ventricular contractions originating from the right ventricular outflow tract remodel the cardiac structure and function in patients with a "seemingly normal heart" and whether radiofrequency ablation can reverse this remodeling. " 08/01/2023 - "Clinical observation of radiofrequency ablation for premature ventricular contractions originating from uncommon His-Purkinje sites." 05/01/2023 - "Radiofrequency ablation of premature ventricular contractions guided by robotic magnetic navigation combined with pattern matching filter." 11/01/2022 - "A total of 851 patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of premature ventricular beats from January 2015 to March 2022 were enrolled. "