N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA)

An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.

Also Known As:

MDMA; Methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Ecstasy (Drug); N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride; Hydrochloride, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine; N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride; 1,3-Benzodioxole-5-ethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-

Networked: 1079 relevant articles (74 outcomes, 202 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Amines: 4871
  - Ethylamines: 5
    - Phenethylamines: 28
      - Amphetamines: 717
        N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: 1079
        6-(N-acetylcystein-S-yl)-2,4,5-trihydroxymethamphetamine
        dibutylone

Experts

1.	Doblin, Rick: 19 articles (01/2022 - 04/2002)
2.	Jerome, Lisa: 18 articles (01/2022 - 04/2011)
3.	Mithoefer, Michael C: 18 articles (03/2021 - 04/2011)
4.	Carvalho, Félix: 18 articles (01/2020 - 04/2002)
5.	Sprague, Jon E: 17 articles (01/2019 - 04/2003)
6.	Liechti, Matthias E: 16 articles (02/2021 - 02/2006)
7.	Yazar-Klosinski, Berra: 15 articles (01/2022 - 01/2013)
8.	Fernandes, Eduarda: 15 articles (01/2020 - 05/2004)
9.	Vorhees, Charles V: 14 articles (01/2014 - 04/2003)
10.	Williams, Michael T: 14 articles (01/2014 - 04/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) 01/01/2022 - "In completers (n = 82), there was a significant reduction in total EAT-26 scores in the total group of PTSD participants following MDMA-AT versus placebo (p = .03). " 10/01/2020 - "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy demonstrated a high rate of clinical response (RR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.70, 7.06), remission (RR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.37, 5.02), with a large effect size at reducing the symptoms of PTSD (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.94). " 04/01/2011 - "Decrease in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores from baseline was significantly greater for the group that received MDMA than for the placebo group at all three time points after baseline. " 12/01/2022 - "Recent clinical trials have demonstrated 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy as an effective novel treatment for PTSD. " 01/01/2017 - "3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in numerous clinical trials. "
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 01/01/2022 - "MDMA treatment was effective in attenuating stress behavioral responses only when paired with memory reactivation by a trauma-cue. " 03/01/2022 - "Incorporating 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy has shown promise in recent years for treating various mental health conditions, particularly those involving trauma. " 01/01/2020 - "In six double-blind phase 2 trials, MAP consisted of a mean of 2.5 90-minute trauma-focused psychotherapy sessions before two 8-hour sessions with MDMA (mean dose of 125 mg), followed by a mean of 3.5 integration sessions for each active session. " 04/01/2019 - "The current article provides a case study of one couple involved in the trial, chosen to provide a demographically representative example of the study participants and a case with a severe trauma history, to offer a detailed account of the methodology and choices made to integrate CBCT and MDMA, as well as an account of their experience through the treatment and their treatment gains. " 10/10/2023 - "Drawing on existing trauma-focused treatments, we suggest possible adaptations to MDMA-AP for use with adolescents, focusing on (1) reinforcing motivation, (2) the development of a strong therapeutic alliance, (3) additional emotion and behavior management techniques, (4) more directive exposure-based methods during MDMA sessions, (5) more support for concomitant challenges and integrating treatment benefits, and (6) involving family in treatment. "
3.	Hyperthermia 07/01/2010 - "The hyperthermia occurring in recreational users of MDMA can be fatal, but data reviewed here indicate that it is unlikely that any single pharmaceutical agent will be effective in reversing the hyperthermia, so careful body cooling remains the principal clinical approach. " 09/01/2010 - "All human trials and case reports of MDMA related hyperpyrexia were considered. " 05/20/2006 - "This study was therefore conducted to determine if racemic MDMA and its enantiomers induce hyperthermia and increase spontaneous locomotor activity in unrestrained rhesus monkeys. " 12/01/2005 - "Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) has been reported to cause fatal hyperthermia, few studies of the effects of MDMA on core body temperature in humans have been conducted demonstrating increased body temperature. " 09/01/2005 - "The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of p-CPA treatment on the capacity of racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its stereoisomers to induce the head twitch response, hyperthermia, and locomotor stimulation in mice. "
4.	Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder) 01/01/2022 - "This may be insufficient to fully explain the efficacy of MDMA in the treatment of psychiatric illness. " 03/01/2006 - "This study describes the lifetime prevalence, correlates, and age of onset of selected psychiatric disorders among a community sample of MDMA users (n = 402), aged 18 to 30, in Ohio. " 05/17/2021 - "The pharmacological profile of MDMA may provide direction for future drug developments to treat patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders." 01/01/2019 - "Understanding the behavioral and neurobiological processes underlying the distinctive social effects of MDMA is a key step to developing the drug for psychiatric disorders." 08/04/2014 - "The heteromeric nAChR up-regulation in certain areas could account, at least in part, for the reinforcing, sensitizing and psychiatric disorders observed after long-term consumption of MDMA."
5.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse) 03/01/2013 - "Narrative reports and data from early investigations found that some people reduced or eliminated their substance use after receiving MDMA, especially in a therapeutic setting. " 03/01/2013 - "Studies directly testing MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in people with active substance abuse disorder may be warranted. " 03/01/2013 - "Animal and human studies demonstrate moderate abuse liability for MDMA, and this effect may be of most concern to those treating substance abuse disorders. " 01/01/2010 - "The study examined the prevalence and correlates of substance use disorders and treatment utilization among lifetime MDMA users. " 06/01/2001 - "In an exploratory study we compared the hippocampal 1H-MRSI (magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging) spectra of five MDMA users with those of controls with no history of substance abuse. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Psilocybin (Psilocibin)
2.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA)
3.	Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)
4.	Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
5.	Ketamine
6.	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
7.	Paroxetine (Paxil)
8.	Dantrolene (Dantrium)
9.	Sertraline (Zoloft)
10.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy)
3.	Off-Label Use
4.	Terminal Care (Care, Terminal)
5.	Injections