Soft Tissue Infections

Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)

Also Known As:

Networked: 2930 relevant articles (194 outcomes, 337 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
3.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection)
4.	Respiratory Tract Infections (Respiratory Tract Infection)
5.	Endocarditis

Experts

1.	Hyldegaard, Ole: 17 articles (01/2022 - 05/2015)
2.	Jones, Ronald N: 16 articles (09/2016 - 08/2002)
3.	Bassetti, Matteo: 15 articles (01/2019 - 01/2008)
4.	Sader, Helio S: 13 articles (12/2021 - 08/2004)
5.	Eckmann, Christian: 13 articles (11/2021 - 11/2010)
6.	Dryden, Matthew: 11 articles (02/2022 - 02/2004)
7.	Joukhadar, Christian: 11 articles (06/2010 - 05/2003)
8.	Zeitlinger, Markus: 10 articles (04/2020 - 05/2003)
9.	Montravers, Philippe: 9 articles (01/2022 - 07/2008)
10.	Nicolau, David P: 9 articles (05/2021 - 05/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Soft Tissue Infections:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 05/01/2004 - "While efficacy and toxicity can be important discriminators in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, patient compliance with antibiotic medication is a key component to successful therapy. " 08/03/1979 - "We found it effective in treating 14 of 17 patients with mild to moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic pleuropulmonary of soft-tissue infections when adjunctive measures (eg, drainage, débridement, and the use of additional antibiotics to treat important aerobic pathogens) were employed. " 06/01/2006 - "cMRSA skin and soft tissue infections can be successfully treated with orally administered antibiotics to which the organism has demonstrable in vitro susceptibility." 06/01/2012 - "The antibiotic levels in peripheral lymph are a more accurate reflection of the efficacy of antibiotic penetration into the tissues of patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. " 01/01/2020 - "Reduction of Inappropriate Antibiotic Use and Improved Outcomes by Implementation of an Algorithm-Based Clinical Guideline for Nonpurulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections."
2.	DaptomycinFDA Link 10/01/2013 - "Safety and efficacy of daptomycin as first-line treatment for complicated skin and soft tissue infections in elderly patients: an open-label, multicentre, randomized phase IIIb trial." 01/01/2016 - "Efficacy and safety of daptomycin for skin and soft tissue infections: a systematic review with trial sequential analysis." 09/01/2015 - "Correlation between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices and clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with skin and soft tissue infections treated with daptomycin: analysis of a phase III study." 06/01/2013 - "This study investigates the efficacy and safety of daptomycin in Japanese patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for regulatory filing in Japan. " 04/01/2013 - "Effectiveness and safety of daptomycin in complicated skin and soft-tissue infections and bacteraemia in clinical practice: results of a large non-interventional study."
3.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1990 - "It is concluded that clindamycin is a safe and effective agent in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections." 01/01/2023 - "Simple skin and soft tissue infection prescriptions for clindamycin went from 44.4% pre-intervention to 26.5% (p = 0.2) post-intervention. " 02/01/2022 - "Association between adjunct clindamycin and in-hospital mortality in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection due to group A Streptococcus: a nationwide cohort study." 12/06/2021 - "Outcomes of β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Necrotizing Skin and Soft-tissue Infections and the Impact of Clindamycin Resistance." 05/01/2016 - "Clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus strains in Israel: implications for empirical treatment of skin and soft tissue infections."
4.	Linezolid (Zyvox)FDA Link 05/01/2009 - "Linezolid may be considered as a cost-effective treatment for patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections suspected to be MRSA related in France." 01/01/2018 - "Linezolid with other treatments for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has been evaluated in several studies. " 07/01/2015 - "Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated that TDZ 200 mg daily for 6 days is noninferior to linezolid 600 mg twice daily for 10 days in the treatment of adults with skin and soft tissue infections caused or suspected to be caused by gram-positive organisms. " 04/01/2003 - "A severity score for complicated skin and soft tissue infections derived from phase III studies of linezolid." 01/01/2003 - "Results from this randomized trial show that linezolid can significantly reduce LOS for patients with complicated skin and soft tissue infections from suspected or confirmed methicillin-resistant staphylococci."
5.	VancomycinFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2022 - "This case describes a patient being treated for a soft tissue infection with vancomycin and TZP. " 12/06/2021 - "Vancomycin Area Under the Curve to Predict Timely Clinical Response in the Treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections." 01/01/2018 - "Is there still a role for vancomycin in skin and soft-tissue infections?" 11/01/2017 - "Vancomycin treatment on POD-0 suppressed HO formation by 86% and prevented bone marrow and soft tissue infections. " 07/01/2015 - "Vancomycin has been considered the standard of care for treatment of Gram-positive skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). "
6.	Cefaclor (Ceclor)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1985 - "A double-blind comparative study of S6472 and cefaclor (CCL) was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. " 01/01/1979 - "In clinical studies of patients with skin and soft tissue infections, cefaclor proved effective. " 01/01/1979 - "Clinical and laboratory studies with cefaclor: efficacy in skin and soft tissue infections." 03/01/1985 - "S6472 was orally administered to 33 patients with skin and soft tissue infections in 2 divided doses. " 01/01/1981 - "Efficacy of cefaclor has been demonstrated in urinary tract, upper and lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue infections in adults and children as well as in pediatric otitis media. "
7.	TeicoplaninIBA 09/01/1991 - "In this study, teicoplanin appeared to be safe, efficacious, and convenient for both hospital staff and patients, and potentially cost-effective for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections. " 09/01/1994 - "In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin for parenteral treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. " 09/01/1991 - "To study the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin for skin and soft-tissue infections, 75 patients received teicoplanin intravenously (38) or intramuscularly (37, of which 16 were outpatients). " 05/01/1991 - "Teicoplanin in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: results of a multicentre study." 03/01/1999 - "Once-daily dosing with teicoplanin may allow physicians to treat skin and soft tissue infections on a totally outpatient basis."
8.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1995 - "Azithromycin given once daily for 3 days has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of respiratory tract and skin and soft tissue infections in children. " 01/01/2003 - "The efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in adults and children is well established. " 07/01/2007 - "Directly observed therapy with azithromycin for skin and soft tissue infections in injection drug users." 04/15/2004 - "Two regimens of azithromycin prophylaxis against community-acquired respiratory and skin/soft-tissue infections among military trainees." 08/01/1998 - "Azithromycin is an effective and well tolerated alternative to first-line agents in the treatment of respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue infections in children, offerring the convenience of a short, once-daily regimen."
9.	Tigecycline (Tygacil)FDA Link 07/01/2013 - "Efficacy of tigecycline for the treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections in real-life clinical practice from five European observational studies." 09/01/2020 - "Thus, this study assessed the in vitro activity of tigecycline against clinical VRE isolates to determine its optimal regimens for complicated intra-abdominal (cIAIs) and complicated skin/soft tissue infections (cSSTIs). " 01/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to determine tigecycline susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients with skin and soft tissue infections. " 01/01/2022 - "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Autographiviridae Phage and Its Combined Effect with Tigecycline in Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections." 06/01/2021 - "Tigecycline could be preferred for intrabdominal and skin-soft tissue infections. "
10.	sultamicillin (ampicillin-sulbactam)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "Ampicillin-sulbactam may be used for treatment of intraabdominal, gynecologic, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections." 04/01/1987 - "Sultamicillin in the treatment of superficial skin and soft tissue infections in children." 09/01/2009 - "In clinical trials, sultamicillin has proved clinically and bacteriologically effective in adults and children against a variety of frequently encountered infections, including mild upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, diabetic foot and skin and soft tissue infections. " 01/01/2007 - "In comparative clinical trials, ampicillin/sulbactam has proved to be a significant drug in the therapeutic armamentarium for lower respiratory tract infections and aspiration pneumonia, gynaecological/obstetrical infections, intra-abdominal infections, paediatric infections such as acute epiglottitis and periorbital cellulitis, diabetic foot infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. " 08/01/2000 - "Ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin were equally effective for the empirical treatment of cutaneous or other soft-tissue infections in injection drug abusers and patients who did not inject drugs."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2011 - "The mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections appears to be decreasing, possibly due to improved recognition and earlier delivery of more effective therapy. " 07/01/2009 - "The present multiple-dose investigation of TEL is in line with a previous single-dose study confirming that TEL 800 mg/day may not be optimally effective in the therapy of soft tissue infections." 05/01/2004 - "The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of HBO therapy on the bout of treatment for soft tissue infections. " 04/15/2010 - "One trial stratified results on the basis of operative intervention, less than half reported patient comorbidities, and only 53% provided a specific definition for "cure." Our meta-analysis of current trials evaluating antimicrobial therapy for skin and soft tissue infections revealed substantial shortcomings in the design of most of these trials. " 04/15/2010 - "Meta-analysis of trials evaluating parenteral antimicrobial therapy for skin and soft tissue infections."
2.	Debridement 10/25/2023 - "Patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection undergo an average of 4-5 debridements per hospital admission. " 10/25/2023 - "Assessing Second Debridement Timing and Mortality in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections." 10/21/2023 - "Necrotizing soft-tissue infection was suspected, and emergency debridement of the swollen forearm was performed 4 hours after the admission. " 10/01/2023 - "The patient underwent surgical debridement on POD 21 to rule out necrotising soft tissue infection. " 01/01/2023 - "Time to definitive surgical debridement has been recognized as a predictor for morbidity and mortality in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI). "
3.	Surgical Amputation (Amputations) 11/29/2023 - "Background: Because mortality and amputation rates are declining for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), this study aimed to assesses the self-reported one-year quality of life (QoL) of severely ill patients with NSTI who survived beyond the intensive care unit (ICU). " 07/01/2023 - "The majority of patients (8/10) were correctly diagnosed with PG prior to amputation, whereas two patients were misdiagnosed with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). " 01/01/2023 - "Risk Factors for Predicting Mortality and Amputation of Patients with Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections: Retrospective Analysis of 111 Cases from a Single Medical Center." 01/01/2023 - "Rate ratios (RRs) for macrovascular complications, revascularization procedures, acute glycemic emergencies, skin/soft tissue infections, and amputation were calculated using generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution and robust SEs. " 04/22/2022 - "We included 28 patients who underwent above the knee amputation (AKA) or below the knee amputation (BKA) for severe soft tissue infection from July 2019 till December 2020. "
4.	Injections 01/01/2022 - "injections, as well as the diagnostic efficacy of point-of-care ultrasound in evaluating the extent and location of the soft tissue infection." 07/01/2013 - "It could be stimulated a new scientific debate because groin injections and their vascular complications increase over years; while soft tissue infections may hide vascular lesions' diagnosis. " 07/01/2012 - "We describe an outbreak of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica soft-tissue infections attributable to unlicensed cosmetic injections and the first report using multilocus sequence typing sequence data for determining Nocardia strain relatedness in an outbreak. " 06/01/2003 - "An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus joint and soft-tissue infections occurred after therapeutic injections in an outpatient setting. " 06/01/2003 - "Outbreak of joint and soft-tissue infections associated with injections from a multiple-dose medication vial."
5.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 09/01/2023 - "One of them, photodynamic therapy, is a recently developed therapeutic strategy that has shown promise in managing nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. " 11/15/2023 - "Corrigendum to 'Photodynamic therapy: a new approach to the treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections' [Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 43C (2023) 103645]." 09/01/2023 - "We also discussed the feasibility of photodynamic therapy for treating nontuberculous mycobacterial skin soft tissue infections and the related mechanisms, providing a potential new option for clinical treatment." 09/01/2023 - "Photodynamic therapy: a new approach to the treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections." 05/01/2004 - "Targeted photodynamic therapy of established soft-tissue infections in mice."