Alphavirus Infections

Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.

Also Known As:

Alpha Virus Infections; Barmah Forest Virus Infection; Infections, Alphavirus; Mayaro Virus Infection; O'nyong-nyong Virus Infection; Alpha Virus Infection; Alphavirus Infection; Fever, Sindbis; Infection, Alphavirus; Infection, Getah Virus; Infection, Mayaro Virus; Infection, O'nyong-nyong Virus; Infection, Sagiyama Virus; Infection, Sindbis Virus; O'nyong nyong Virus Infection; O'nyong-nyong Virus Infections; Sindbis Fevers; Sindbis Virus Infections; Virus Infection, Alpha; Virus Infection, Getah; Virus Infection, Mayaro; Virus Infection, O'nyong-nyong; Virus Infection, Sagiyama; Virus Infection, Sindbis; Getah Virus Infection; Sagiyama Virus Infection; Semliki Forest Virus Infection; Sindbis Fever; Sindbis Virus Infection

Networked: 249 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Virus Diseases: 41777
  - RNA Virus Infections: 303
    - Togaviridae Infections: 5
      - Alphavirus Infections: 249
        Chikungunya Fever: 203
        Equine Encephalomyelitis: 83
        Ross River Virus Infection: 20
- Vector Borne Diseases: 374
  - Mosquito-Borne Diseases: 229
    - Alphavirus Infections: 249
  - Arbovirus Infections: 98
    - Alphavirus Infections: 249

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases)
3.	Disease Progression
4.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations)

Experts

1.	Morrison, Thomas E: 8 articles (11/2021 - 10/2009)
2.	Griffin, Diane E: 8 articles (01/2021 - 11/2002)
3.	Frolov, Ilya: 7 articles (01/2019 - 11/2002)
4.	Frolova, Elena I: 7 articles (01/2019 - 11/2002)
5.	Kielian, Margaret: 6 articles (01/2021 - 01/2013)
6.	Ng, Lisa F P: 5 articles (04/2021 - 10/2013)
7.	Diamond, Michael S: 5 articles (01/2021 - 01/2018)
8.	Klimstra, William B: 5 articles (11/2020 - 01/2002)
9.	Betenbaugh, Michael J: 5 articles (01/2012 - 03/2002)
10.	Weaver, Scott C: 4 articles (01/2022 - 11/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Alphavirus Infections:

1.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Alphavirus infection triggers antiviral RNAi immunity in mammals." 10/27/2020 - "Thus, DDX56 is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral factor that controls alphavirus infection." 11/01/2017 - "Despite the importance of alphaviruses as human pathogens, there is currently no targeted antiviral treatment available for alphavirus infection. " 11/01/2016 - "Alphavirus Infection: Host Cell Shut-Off and Inhibition of Antiviral Responses." 10/01/2015 - "Myeloid Cell Arg1 Inhibits Control of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Infection by Suppressing Antiviral T Cells."
2.	VaccinesIBA 10/26/2023 - "FHL1 promotes chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong virus infection and pathogenesis with implications for alphavirus vaccine design." 04/22/2021 - "Here, we review the role of antibody-mediated immunity upon arthritogenic and neurotropic alphavirus infections, and the current research efforts for the development of vaccines as a tool to control future alphavirus outbreaks." 01/01/2019 - "Manipulating molecular processes that govern CHIKV replication could lead to plausible vaccine candidates against alphavirus infection." 12/01/2018 - "Mechanistic understanding of CPE might lead to development of new prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic means against alphavirus infections. " 01/01/2015 - "To date, no efficient and safe vaccines have been developed against any alphavirus infection. "
3.	DNA VaccinesIBA 01/01/2018 - "Taken together, the results from these studies demonstrate that the individual VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV DNA vaccines and the 3-EEV DNA vaccine delivered by IM EP provide an effective means of eliciting protection against lethal encephalitic alphavirus infections in a murine model and represent viable next-generation vaccine candidates that warrant further development." 06/06/2012 - "Superior protection conferred by inactivated whole virus vaccine over subunit and DNA vaccines against salmonid alphavirus infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)." 06/06/2012 - "This is the first report comparing the immunogenicity and protection against mortality for IWV vaccines and spike protein subunit and DNA vaccines against salmonid alphavirus infection in Atlantic salmon. "
4.	Interferon-gamma (Interferon, gamma)IBA 04/01/2009 - "Noncytolytic clearance of sindbis virus infection from neurons by gamma interferon is dependent on Jak/STAT signaling." 05/01/2005 - "Gamma interferon-dependent, noncytolytic clearance of sindbis virus infection from neurons in vitro." 11/25/2007 - "The role of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in antiviral innate immune responses during acute alphavirus infection is not well defined. " 12/01/2003 - "Role of interferon-gamma and nitric oxide in the neuropathogenesis of avirulent Semliki Forest virus infection."
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 04/01/2009 - "The inclusion of anti-apoptotic genes permitted higher production of heterologous GFP protein following Sindbis virus infection, and the combination of the TE-P726S virus and the CHO-Bcl-2Delta cell line showed the greatest improvement in cell survival. " 01/01/2015 - "This study will aid future investigations in identifying host proteins as potential broad spectrum therapeutic targets for treating alphavirus infections. " 06/01/2014 - "While the function of nsP2 has yet to be characterized, our studies suggest that the protein might play a critical role in viral replication, and further, may represent an innovative opportunity to develop therapeutic interventions for alphavirus infection. " 01/01/2022 - "The administration of a VLDLR LBD-Fc fusion protein has protective activity against rapidly fatal Semliki forest virus infection in mouse neonates. " 03/01/2018 - "Human Antibody Responses to Emerging Mayaro Virus and Cocirculating Alphavirus Infections Examined by Using Structural Proteins from Nine New and Old World Lineages."
6.	Neutralizing AntibodiesIBA 10/29/2022 - "Several studies have demonstrated neutralizing antibodies to be highly effective against alphavirus infection in animal models, both prophylactically and remedially. "
7.	InterferonsIBA 03/01/1976 - "Neither extracted cells nor C-M extract alone induced interferon or afforded protection against Semliki forest virus infection in mice. " 11/01/2020 - "Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells are an effective model to characterise interferon (IFN) and IFN-induced gene expression following salmonid alphavirus infection." 05/01/2012 - "In particular, there was evidence of rapid induction of interferon-mediated responses similar to those seen during mammalian alphavirus infections, and also early involvement of an adaptive immune response. " 04/01/2000 - "Control of Sindbis virus infection by antibody in interferon-deficient mice." 01/01/1995 - "These data show that when combined, specific antibody and an interferon inducer can interact synergistically to protect mice from alphavirus infections of the central nervous system even when given after the virus is replicating in the target organ."
8.	Interferon-betaIBA 04/01/2000 - "Alpha/beta interferon protects adult mice from fatal Sindbis virus infection and is an important determinant of cell and tissue tropism." 03/01/1991 - "Varying role of alpha/beta interferon in the antiviral efficacy of synthetic immunomodulators against Semliki Forest virus infection."
9.	Immunologic Factors (Immunomodulators)IBA 08/10/2022 - "Thus, these data may provide a convincing perspective of research for the use of alkaloids as immunomodulators against arthritogenic alphavirus infection and induced inflammation." 03/01/1991 - "Varying role of alpha/beta interferon in the antiviral efficacy of synthetic immunomodulators against Semliki Forest virus infection."
10.	Mitochondrial Proteins (Mitochondrial Protein)IBA 11/01/2001 - "At least some of these increases may be beneficial for the host, as evidenced by the demonstration that enforced expression of the antiapoptotic mitochondrial protein peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) protects neonatal mice against lethal Sindbis virus infection. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2020 - "As treatment following alphavirus infection is currently limited to supportive care, understanding the contribution of the immune system to the disease process is critical to developing safe and effective therapies." 10/01/2013 - "Currently, there are no licensed therapeutics for treating alphavirus infections. " 08/08/2013 - "Understanding the inherent features of Mayaro virus infection and how the virus interacts with its host are essential for optimal patient care and therapy." 08/01/2015 - "PPS is a promising new therapy for alphavirus-induced arthritis, acting to preserve the cartilage matrix, which is damaged during alphavirus infection. " 01/01/2021 - "These studies identified a class of compounds with antiviral activity against VEEV and other alphaviruses and provide further evidence that therapeutics targeting nsP2 may be useful against alphavirus infection."
2.	Immunomodulation 11/01/2002 - "Semliki Forest virus infection is enhanced in Th1-prone SJL mice but not in Th2-prone BALB/c mice during Linomide-induced immunomodulation."
3.	Bioreactors (Bioreactor) 03/20/2004 - "Cells were exposed to several model insults that simulate severe bioreactor environments, including serum deprivation, spent medium, and Sindbis virus infection, as well as staurosporine, a known chemical inducer of apoptosis. "
4.	Synchrotrons 03/02/2023 - "Characterization of Systemic Disease Development and Paw Inflammation in a Susceptible Mouse Model of Mayaro Virus Infection and Validation Using X-ray Synchrotron Microtomography."
5.	Ligation 05/19/1998 - "Because Bcl-2 protein was recently found to be cleaved during apoptosis induced by Fas ligation, IL-3 withdrawal, and alphavirus infection, we assessed whether Bcl-2 protein was also cleaved during the anticancer drug (VP-16)-induced apoptotic cell death in U937 cells. "