Acrospiroma

A rare cutaneous tumor of apocrine or eccrine SWEAT GLAND origin. It is most commonly found on the extremities and is usually benign. It appears as a solitary nodule or cyst and may be solid or produce a watery discharge. It is related to POROMA except in acrospiroma it does not involve the epidermis. There is no indication that heredity or external agents cause these tumors.

Also Known As:

Clear-Cell Hidradrenoma; Cystic Hidradenoma; Eccrine Acrospiroma; Nodular Hidradrenoma; Solid-Cystic Hidradenoma; Acrospiromas; Clear Cell Hidradrenoma; Clear-Cell Hidradrenomas; Cystic Hidradenomas; Eccrine Acrospiromas; Eccrine Spiradenomas; Hidradenoma, Cystic; Hidradenoma, Solid-Cystic; Hidradenomas; Hidradrenoma, Clear-Cell; Hidradrenoma, Nodular; Hidradrenomas, Nodular; Nodular Hidradrenomas; Solid Cystic Hidradenoma; Solid-Cystic Hidradenomas; Spiradenoma, Eccrine; Spiradenomas; Spiradenomas, Eccrine; Acrospiroma, Eccrine; Eccrine Spiradenoma; Hidradenoma; Spiradenoma

Networked: 101 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Neoplasms: 1324753
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type: 2
  - Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms: 439
    - Adenoma: 20724
      - Sweat Gland Adenoma: 5
        Acrospiroma: 101
        Poroid hidradenoma: 6
    - Adnexal and Skin Appendage Neoplasms
      - Sweat Gland Adenoma: 5
        Acrospiroma: 101
        Poroid hidradenoma: 6

Related Diseases

1.	Acrospiroma
2.	Poroma
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Cylindroma)
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)

Experts

1.	Brenn, Thomas: 3 articles (01/2020 - 10/2006)
2.	Hoang, Mai P: 3 articles (12/2010 - 04/2009)
3.	Ansai, Shin-Ichi: 2 articles (08/2021 - 01/2019)
4.	Prieto, Victor G: 2 articles (08/2019 - 04/2010)
5.	Mihm, Martin C: 2 articles (08/2010 - 04/2009)
6.	Piris, Adriano: 2 articles (08/2010 - 04/2009)
7.	Fang, Sheng: 1 article (09/2022)
8.	Li, Feng-Zeng: 1 article (09/2022)
9.	Ran, Li-Wei: 1 article (09/2022)
10.	Ye, Qian: 1 article (09/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acrospiroma:

1.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in a Case of Giant Spiradenoma."
2.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 12/01/1994 - "In the present study, eight specimens of eccrine spiradenoma were analysed by immunohistochemical techniques, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins. " 02/01/1991 - "In this study, 20 cases of eccrine spiradenoma have been examined using monoclonal antibodies to identify the nature of the epithelial, as well as the non-epithelial, cellular components of this tumour. " 01/01/1997 - "The expression of cytokeratins in 10 cases of clear cell hidradenoma, including 3 cases of solid cystic hidradenoma, were examined using 21 kinds of monoclonal antibodies. " 08/01/1992 - "The monoclonal antibody gave a positive result in 12 of 12 cases of cylindroma, 14 of 16 cases of spiradenoma, 2 of 2 cases of apocrine tubular adenoma (papillary eccrine adenoma), 5 of 5 cases of apocrine hidrocystoma, 5 of 5 cases of hidradenoma papilliferum, and in 10 of 10 cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum. " 06/01/1988 - "A total of 34 cases (eccrine poroma: 2, cylindroma: 2, eccrine spiradenoma: 4, syringocystadenoma papilliferum: 1, hydroadenoma papilliferum: 1, clear cell hydroadenoma: 7, mixed tumour: 16) of sweat gland tumours of the skin were described in terms of immunohistochemical distribution of keratins using polyclonal anti-keratin antiserum (TK, detecting 41-56 KDa keratins) and monoclonal antibodies (KL1, 55-57 KDa; PKK1, 40, 45, 52.5 KDa). "
3.	EnzymesIBA 11/01/1968 - "Solid-cystic hidradenoma: an enzyme histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study." 04/01/1982 - "While eccrine spiradenoma is of eccrine derivation, the origin of cylindroma is controversial because of variable histochemical and enzyme histochemical findings. " 07/01/1999 - "Ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical studies have shown nodular hidradenomas to be intermediate between eccrine poroma and eccrine spiradenoma. "
4.	Keratins (Keratin)IBA 01/01/1997 - "Histogenesis of clear cell hidradenoma: immunohistochemical study of keratin expression." 01/01/2007 - "Eccrine spiradenoma: co-expression of cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin suggesting differentiation toward myoepithelial cells." 12/01/1996 - "We studied the immunohistochemical phenotype in 13 cases of the nodular hidradenoma (NH), with special emphasis on the expression of different types of keratins (cytokeratins, 7, 10, 6/18, 8/18, and 10/17/18 and their distribution in normal sweat glands. " 12/01/1994 - "Cytokeratin expression in eccrine spiradenoma was compared with expression in normal eccrine glands. " 12/01/1994 - "Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression in eccrine spiradenoma: similarities to the transitional portions between secretory segments and coiled ducts of eccrine glands."
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 08/01/2010 - "Lack of correlation between the protein expression and polysomy/gene amplification suggests that molecular mechanisms other than gene amplification play a role in EGFR overexpression in malignant, atypical, and benign hidradenomas." 08/01/2010 - "We have previously reported EGFR protein overexpression in malignant, atypical, and benign hidradenomas and would like to further evaluate their gene status by fluorescence in situ hybridization. " 05/01/1996 - "This suggests that accumulation of p53 protein may be an important event in the malignant transformation of spiradenomas. " 05/01/1995 - "Thus, we conclude that the accumulation of p53 protein, which results from alterations in its turnover, accompanies the process of malignant transformation within long-standing spiradenomas." 05/01/1995 - "Nuclear staining was consistently negative in all benign tumours, whilst in the cases of malignant transformation within spiradenoma p53 protein was present in the carcinomatous component, but the immunostaining remained negative in the benign counterpart of the tumour. "
6.	ParaffinIBA 04/01/2000 - "Enzymatic cell separation specimens were prepared from paraffin-embedded tissues of 18 sweat gland carcinomas (14 porocarcinomas, one classic eccrine adenocarcinoma, two microcystic adnexal carcinomas and one mostly ductal apocrine carcinoma) and 47 benign sweat gland tumours (three syringocystadenomas, five spiradenomas, 14 cylindromas, three syringomas, seven nodular hidradenomas, 10 cutaneous mixed tumours, four poromas and one apocrine hidrocystoma). " 03/01/2015 - "Blood sample and paraffin embedded tissue biopsied from three cylindromas, one trichoepithelioma and one spiradenomas were collected after obtaining informed consent from our patient and genomic DNA was isolated. " 02/01/1993 - "We conclude that sebaceous carcinoma can be distinguished from eccrine porocarcinoma, malignant clear cell hidradenoma, extramammary Paget's disease, malignant trichilemmoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens." 01/01/1995 - "Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens surgically excised from 25 patients with eccrine sweat gland carcinoma (20 cases of eccrine porocarcinoma, four cases of ductal sweat gland carcinoma and one case of malignant clear cell hidradenoma) and 25 patients with eccrine acrospiroma (16 cases of eccrine poroma, four cases of poroid hidradenoma and five cases of clear cell hidradenoma) were used. " 12/01/2004 - "Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 228 previously classified CANs and 27 metastatic adenocarcinomas (17 breast, 4 colon, 2 prostate, 2 ovary, 1 lung, and 1 esophagus) were immunostained with anti-CK 5/6. Anti-CK 5/6 labeled 2 of 2 proliferating trichilemmal tumors, 6 of 6 poromas, 4 of 5 hydrocystomas, 10 of 10 cylindromas, 10 of 10 eccrine acrospiromas, 8 of 10 pilomatricoma, 10 of 10 nevus sebaceus, 9 of 9 desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas, 7 of 7 nevus sebaceus with basal cell carcinomas, 10 of 10 pilar cysts, 14 of 14 trichilemmomas, 10 of 10 syringomas, 6 of 7 chondroid syringomas, 10 of 10 hidradenoma papilliferum, 9 of 9 sebaceus adenomas, 3 of 3 microcystic adnexal carcinomas, 10 of 10 eccrine spiradenomas, 4 of 4 syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 3 of 5 ocular sebaceous carcinomas, 28 of 28 basal cell carcinomas, 16 of 16 trichoepitheliomas, and 33 of 33 trichoepitheliomas with basal cell features. "
7.	MucinsIBA 07/01/2017 - "The presence of mucinous change in hidradenomas, which consists of variable numbers of mucin-rich goblet cells, is occasionally observed in some adult clinical practices. " 06/01/1978 - "Previous reports have indicated the probable sweat gland origin of these tumours; one of our cases demonstrates a transition from a solid hidradenoma-like pattern to nests of tumour cells floating in mucin lakes, adding support for the sweat gland hypothesis. " 10/01/1952 - "Mucin-secreting tumours of the skin with special reference to the so-called mixed-salivary tumour of the skin and its relation to hidradenoma." 08/01/2006 - "[Case of clear cell hidradenoma with mucinous metaplasia in the forehead--immunohistochemical analysis of the mucin]." 05/01/2017 - "Expression of MYB appears limited to a small number of cutaneous adnexal tumors, including cylindromas, spiradenomas, ACCs, mucinous carcinoma, endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma and some cases of EMPD."
8.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 02/01/2020 - "The two cases represent different points on a histopathological spectrum with one case being extremely well differentiated with distinct spiradenoma-like histological features; distinct bilayering, duct formation with secretory material and very low proliferative activity and the other case displaying more primitive cytological features composed of a predominant uniform, (p63-positive; CK 7-negative) basaloid, abluminal cell type, high proliferative activity and only scattered true ducts composed of (CK7-positive, p63-negative) luminal cells." 01/01/1997 - "Therefore, we think that the luminal cells in solid cystic hidradenoma mainly differentiate toward the secretory cells, and that the M nests mainly differentiate toward the dermal duct. " 12/01/1994 - "Tubular structures observed in eccrine spiradenoma showed staining patterns similar to those of the luminal cells in the transitional portions. " 11/01/2016 - "Other sweat gland tumors, including hidrocystadenoma, spiradenoma, cylindroma and apocrine carcinoma, also expressed DOG1 focally with an apical-luminal pattern. " 12/01/1995 - "In both cylindromas and spiradenomas, zonal staining patterns were apparent: modified myoepithelial cells were positive for smooth-muscle-type actin, while the luminal cells mainly expressed ductal markers (CK 6 and CK 19) and, less prominently, secretory-coil markers including CK 7. Eccrine poromas exhibited a widespread reaction for CK 5/6 and EMA, analogous to peripheral dermal duct cells, but focal maturation toward inner-ductal and secretory-coil cells was also demonstrable. "
9.	S100 Proteins (S 100 Protein)IBA 01/01/2019 - "S-100 protein-positive cells in spiradenoma contained not only Langerhans cells, but also cells with myoepithelial differentiation." 01/01/2019 - "Spiradenomas also contain numerous cells positive for S-100 protein and the nature of these cells is still controversial. " 11/01/2013 - "Spiradenoma is unique with respect to the presence of a large number of non-epithelial cells, including S100 protein(+) cells, most of which are presumably Langerhans cells, in the parenchyma as shown in the published work. " 08/01/1999 - "S-100 protein in nodular hidradenoma." 11/01/2022 - "There was diffuse positivity for p63 and negativity for S100 protein, suggesting that this tumor was an acral hidradenoma with papillary structures."
10.	AntibodiesIBA 06/01/2021 - "AR staining is therefore highly sensitive for the diagnosis of sebaceous tumours, but it is non-specific and is best used in combination with other antibodies, notably anti-CK8 and PHLDA1, particularly to distinguish sebaceoma from hidradenoma or trichoblastoma." 02/01/2010 - "Slides and blocks of six cases of cylindroma and seven cases of nodular hidradenoma (clear cells) were analyzed by the technique of immunohistochemistry with CD15 and p63 antibodies. " 02/01/2010 - "To evaluate the eccrine and/or apocrine differentiation phenotype in cases of cylindroma and clear cell hidradenoma with CD15 and p63 antibodies. " 02/02/2023 - "We stained five microcystic adnexal carcinomas (MACs), three eccrine adenocarcinomas, two syringoid eccrine carcinomas, four hidradenocarcinomas, six porocarcinomas, one eccrine carcinoma-NOS, 11 hidradenomas, nine poromas, seven cylindromas, three spiradenomas, and 10 syringomas with TRPS1 antibodies. " 01/01/1995 - "Argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted and immunostaining using antibodies raised against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 was carried out on eccrine acrospiroma and eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, to determine the malignant potential and prognosis of these tumours. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Mohs Surgery (Mohs' Micrographic Surgery) 11/01/2013 - "Infiltrative recurrent eccrine spiradenoma of the anterior neck treated using Mohs micrographic surgery." 10/01/2013 - "Rapidly proliferating apocrine hidradenoma treated using Mohs micrographic surgery." 10/01/2011 - "Malignant nodular hidradenoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery." 02/01/2009 - "Hidradenomas and a hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp managed using Mohs micrographic surgery and a multidisciplinary approach: case reports and review of the literature." 07/01/2000 - "Two stages of Mohs micrographic surgery and subsequent repair successfully treated the recurrent clear cell hidradenoma. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/1980 - "The clinico-pathological and therapeutics features of two cases of nodular hidradenoma are reported. " 10/01/1986 - "Herein we report a case of the malignant eccrine acrospiroma type with lymph node metastasis, an approach to therapy, and guidelines for histologic criteria of malignancy."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2013 - "Malignant acrospiroma of chest and abdominal wall treated with chemotherapy." 09/01/2016 - "Malignant hidradenoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. "
4.	Free Tissue Flaps 10/01/1998 - "The patient had a malignant transformation within a nodular hidradenoma involving the right postauricular area, which was treated by mass removal and a right radical neck dissection with a free-flap covering. "
5.	Gas Lasers 04/01/2003 - "We report a case of familial eccrine spiradenoma in a mother and daughter and present successful treatment using surgical extirpation and CO2 laser ablation. "