Cystic Lymphangioma (Hygroma)

A cystic growth originating from lymphatic tissue. It is usually found in the neck, axilla, or groin.

Also Known As:

Hygroma; Cystic Hygroma; Lymphangioma, Cystic; Cystic Hygroma Colli; Colli, Cystic Hygroma; Cystic Hygromas; Cystic Lymphangiomas; Hygroma Colli, Cystic; Hygromas; Hygromas, Cystic; Lymphangiomas, Cystic; Hygroma, Cystic

Networked: 359 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Neoplasms: 1324753
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type: 2
  - Lymphatic Vessel Tumors: 9
    - Lymphangioma: 667
      - Cystic Lymphangioma: 359
        familial Nuchal bleb: 15
        Abdominal cystic lymphangioma: 11

Related Diseases

1.	Cysts
2.	Lymphangioma (Cavernous Lymphangioma)
3.	Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Arnold-Chiari Syndrome)
4.	Rupture
5.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)

Experts

1.	D'Alton, Mary E: 2 articles (04/2021 - 09/2007)
2.	Malone, Fergal D: 2 articles (04/2021 - 09/2007)
3.	Kumar, Basant: 2 articles (10/2020 - 01/2009)
4.	Akins, Paul T: 2 articles (01/2020 - 10/2019)
5.	Guppy, Kern H: 2 articles (01/2020 - 10/2019)
6.	Mariani, Luigi: 2 articles (01/2018 - 01/2017)
7.	Soleman, Jehuda: 2 articles (01/2018 - 01/2017)
8.	Wilkins-Haug, Louise: 2 articles (01/2018 - 05/2017)
9.	Magdum, Shailendra A: 2 articles (06/2016 - 06/2014)
10.	Pereira, Erlick A C: 2 articles (06/2016 - 06/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cystic Lymphangioma:

1.	PicibanilIBA 12/01/2016 - "Intralesional OK-432 injection is an effective and safe alternative in treating cystic hygroma." 11/01/2008 - "Treatment with OK-432 is useful in the management of cystic lymphangiomas in adults and should be considered as first line treatment." 01/01/2017 - "For an appropriate application of OK-432, a detailed knowledge about the structure and composition of the congenital cystic lymphangioma is essential. " 11/01/2008 - "A case report and review of the literature concerning the use of OK-432 to treat cystic lymphangioma is presented. " 11/01/2008 - "We report an adult case of cystic lymphangioma treated with OK-432 (Picibanil). "
2.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2010 - "Intralesional bleomycin injection is useful for the treatment of cystic hygroma. " 05/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to review the results after cystic hygroma treatment using intralesional bleomycin injection over a 16-year period at a tertiary hospital for pediatric patients in Thailand. " 07/01/2023 - "In this report, we presented a case of multiple giant cystic lymphangiomas in an infant treated with stepwise surgeries combined with intralesional bleomycin injection. " 07/01/2023 - "Management of prenatally diagnosed multiple giant cystic lymphangioma with combination of surgery and intralesional bleomycin injection: A case report." 10/01/2022 - "Intralesional bleomycin is a safe, simple, relatively cheaper and effective nonsurgical treatment method for cystic hygroma of head and neck region. "
3.	Sclerosing Solutions (Sclerosing Agents)IBA 08/01/2014 - "The results of this study indicate that most patients with cystic lymphangiomas do not show complete resolution after the initial therapy, regardless of whether the therapy is surgical or involves the use of sclerosing agents. " 10/01/1976 - "Sclerosing agents and radiation therapy was not effective treatment of cystic hygromas. " 04/29/1998 - "Large cystic lymphangiomas of the neck (hygroma colli) have traditionally been treated surgically or by local injection of various sclerosing agents. " 04/01/2023 - "In this case report, ethanol ablation was used as a sclerosing agent and was successful in treating the patient's cystic hygroma. " 03/01/2000 - "OK-432, a lyophilised incubation mixture of group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin, was used as a sclerosant for the involution of a giant cervical cystic hygroma in a newborn. "
4.	Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (Fibrin Sealant)IBA 08/01/1999 - "The authors present 19 cases of cystic lymphangioma, treated with fibrin sealant injected into the lesion, during the 1991 to 1997 period. " 08/01/1999 - "Long-term follow-up of nineteen cystic lymphangiomas treated with fibrin sealant." 01/01/1996 - "[Cystic lymphangioma: treatment with adhesive fibrin tissue. " 04/01/1993 - "[Fibrin adhesive: a new therapeutic alternative in the treatment of cystic lymphangioma]." 08/01/1999 - "These results support the fact that the puncture, aspiration, followed by injection of Tissucol, is a choice in the surgical treatment of cystic lymphangioma."
5.	Dexmedetomidine FDA Link 10/01/2016 - "[Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine for Awake Bronchoscopy in a 3-month Infant with Severe Subglottic Stenosis and Pneumothorax due to Cervical Cystic Lymphangioma]."
6.	Hemostatics (Antihemorrhagics)IBA 12/01/2009 - "Tissue fibrin glue is adhesive and hemostatic and highly useful in the treatment of orbital cystic lymphangioma."
7.	Doxycycline (Periostat)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "This case report presents an 18-month-old patient with a large cervical cystic hygroma that was effectively treated with exclusive doxycycline sclerotherapy." 01/01/2020 - "Doxycycline Sclerotherapy of a Cervical Cystic Hygroma: A Caribbean Institution Experience."
8.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "A lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma) of the neck of a newborn girl as the first sign of diffuse lymphangiomatosis and treatment of the latter condition with sirolimus are presented. " 12/01/2017 - "The use of sirolimus in the treatment of giant cystic lymphangioma: Four case reports and update of medical therapy." 07/01/2016 - "Treatment of cystic hygroma in a young infant through multidisciplinary approach involving sirolimus, sclerotherapy, and debulking surgery." 08/01/2022 - "A systematic search of the literature regarding studies on sirolimus treatment of children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to July 2021 with the search terms "lymphatic malformation", "lymphangioma", "cystic hygroma", "low-flow malformation", "sirolimus", "rapamycin", "mTOR inhibitor" and "children". " 01/01/2018 - "Search items included "lymphatic malformation," "lymphangioma," "cystic hygroma," "vascular malformation," "low-flow malformation," "sirolimus," "rapamycin," and "mTOR inhibitor." Twenty studies, including 71 patients receiving sirolimus, were included into this review. "
9.	alpha-Fetoproteins (alpha-Fetoprotein)IBA 04/01/1998 - "In complete mole alpha-fetoprotein molecules were of the yolk sac type, whereas they were of the liver type in nuchal and hygroma fluid. " 04/01/1998 - "The vesicular fluid from the partial mole, fetal serum, and nuchal and hygroma fluid contained extremely high alpha-fetoprotein concentrations, which were significantly higher that those found in amniotic fluid. " 01/01/1997 - "These include karyotype, alpha-fetoprotein levels, sonographic findings in the fetus and within the hygroma itself, and natural history. " 10/01/1989 - "It is clear from our cases that maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein will not necessarily be elevated and will not serve as a screening mechanism for cystic hygromas." 10/01/1989 - "Elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels in 'amniotic fluid' noted previously in the literature may have resulted because of inadvertent tapping of the cystic hygroma. "
10.	Dihydrotachysterol (AT 10)IBA 01/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to determine the course of pregnancy and the neonatal outcome of fetuses with cystic hygroma diagnosed at 10-14 weeks' gestation. " 10/01/2005 - "A prospective study of pregnancy outcome in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency above the 95th centile (group NT) or cystic hygroma (group CH) at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation was performed. " 01/01/2003 - "Thirty cases of septated cystic hygromas were diagnosed at 10-15 weeks gestation by transabdominal ultrasound and followed through pregnancy. " 01/01/1994 - "With the increasing use of chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation, trisomy 21 may be a common finding in fetuses with cystic hygromas." 02/01/2009 - "In case 1, sonographic evaluation revealed ectopia cordis, omphalocele, and cystic hygroma at 10 weeks' gestation. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sclerotherapy 05/01/2022 - "Several treatment options, including sclerotherapy and surgical excision, are available for the management of cystic lymphangioma. " 01/01/2021 - "The mass was misdiagnosed as cystic hygroma and the patient underwent 2 sessions of sclerotherapy with no improvement. " 12/01/2016 - "Experience with the first case, which was initially diagnosed and treated as cystic hygroma by injection sclerotherapy, led to early suspicion and surgery in the second case. " 03/01/2015 - "Treatment of cystic lymphangioma by transcatheter lymphatic sclerotherapy and embolization." 05/01/2014 - "Regression of cervical cystic hygroma with a single session of sclerotherapy."
2.	Splenectomy 10/01/2007 - "Laparoscopic splenectomy is the best treatment for patients with suspected cystic lymphangioma. " 01/01/2010 - ".Histologic study after splenectomy confirmed the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma of the spleen." 01/25/2017 - "Splenectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed it to be a cystic lymphangioma of spleen. " 03/01/2014 - "Laparoscopic splenectomy is a preferred treatment for patients with suspected cystic lymphangioma. " 11/01/1990 - "The diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma was made at the pathological examination of the specimen after splenectomy. "
3.	Decompression 01/01/2021 - "We experienced a rare case of transdural herniation of cauda equina caused by increased pressure with spinal subdural extra-arachnoid hygroma (SSEH) following lumbar microsurgical decompression. " 01/01/2021 - "A Case of Dural Herniation of the Cauda Equina Caused by Enlarged Spinal Subdural Extra-arachnoid Hygroma Following Lumbar Microsurgical Decompression: Case Report." 04/17/2017 - "Iatrogenic Spinal Subdural Extra-Arachnoid Hygroma Following Uncomplicated Lumbar Decompression." 01/01/2016 - "Comment on: recurrent subdural hygromas after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari type-1 malformation." 01/01/2016 - "Comment on: recurrent subdural hygromas after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari type I malformation."
4.	Punctures 12/01/2002 - "Several punctures through the open anterior fontanelle relieved the hygromas but increasing head circumference required ventriculoperitoneal shunting 12 months later. " 06/01/2012 - "Surgical re-exploration confirmed a tension subdural extra-arachnoid hygroma due to one-way flow of CSF through a pinhole puncture in the arachnoid. " 05/01/2011 - "On the other side, procedures are more painful when they are long lasting, considered difficult by the medical team, when needles used are large, the number of needle insertions increases, puncture is performed along a side of the uterus, patients are anxious, and then procedure indication is an hygroma. " 04/01/2004 - "Only symptomatic hygromas need be treated, but the treatment of choice remains to be established, since puncture, fenestration, or resection of the sac do not seem to be adequate." 03/01/1996 - "Multiple punctures and fluid tapping from cystic hygromas under sonographic guidance proved to be easy procedures and not deleterious to the fetuses. "
5.	Therapeutics 07/01/2012 - "In the current study, we performed a new combination therapy on 5 cases of cystic lymphangioma of the face and neck. " 04/01/1990 - "We established the diagnosis of an omentum cystic lymphangioma and revised the international literature, emphasizing on the different of clinical presentations, study protocol, differential diagnosis and therapy." 07/01/2017 - "Incidental finding of 131I uptake in mesenteric cystic lymphangioma on post-therapy 131I SPECT/CT imaging." 10/10/2010 - "Surgical resection is an effective therapy in treating giant cystic lymphangioma." 07/01/2006 - "We present two cases of cystic lymphangioma, their clinical, diagnosis, therapy and development, and we review the actual literature. "