Superantigens

Microbial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a specific variable region. Superantigens cross-link the variable region with class II MHC proteins regardless of the peptide binding in the T-cell receptor's pocket. The result is a transient expansion and subsequent death and anergy of the T-cells with the appropriate variable regions.

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Networked: 1701 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 140 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Schlievert, Patrick M: 39 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)
2.	McCormick, John K: 24 articles (01/2022 - 12/2002)
3.	Rajagopalan, Govindarajan: 19 articles (01/2020 - 11/2004)
4.	David, Chella S: 15 articles (10/2017 - 11/2004)
5.	Leung, Donald Y M: 14 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)
6.	Bachert, Claus: 12 articles (12/2020 - 05/2002)
7.	Peterson, Marnie L: 12 articles (01/2020 - 04/2005)
8.	Patel, Robin: 12 articles (08/2019 - 02/2006)
9.	Kaempfer, Raymond: 12 articles (01/2019 - 06/2002)
10.	Sriskandan, Shiranee: 12 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/01/1996 - "In recent studies, we demonstrated that the systemic adoptive transfer of tumor-draining lymph node (LN) cells, activated ex vivo with anti-CD3 mAb or bacterial superantigens, was effective for treatment of tumors in the brain, an immunologically privileged site. " 11/01/1998 - "Mls(a) superantigen-reactive vbeta6 donor T cells were not eliminated or tolerized by in vivo priming with the tumor cells and were present in active proliferation in liver infiltrates. " 04/01/2016 - "Tumor-targeted superantigens (TTSs) have been used to treat a variety of tumors in preclinical studies. " 02/01/2004 - "This study thus demonstrated a novel strategy for anchoring superantigen SEA onto the surfaces of tumor cells without any genetic manipulation." 02/01/2002 - "In the present study, we have shown that the T-cell superantigen SEA and B-cell superantigen PA induce immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activity which is strongly protentiated by PA + SEA co-administration. "
2.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome) 10/01/2004 - "To study the consequences of the interaction of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with dendritic cells in vitro, we established a model of the primary immune response using dendritic cells, autologous naive T cells and the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST 1). " 04/15/1996 - "Previous studies have suggested a central role for superantigen-induced immune responses in the pathogenesis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. " 01/01/2023 - "Superantigens are the known causes of toxic shock syndrome. " 10/28/2022 - "Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 is one of the most studied superantigens whose role in toxic shock syndrome and some particular disorders have been demonstrated. " 01/01/2022 - "In addition, MIS-C shares striking clinical similarities with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which is triggered by bacterial superantigens (SAgs). "
3.	Infections 09/01/2003 - "Despite this initially inefficient protection from infection, superantigen-specific B- and T-cell responses and systemic viral spread are abolished, leading to complete clearance of the retroviral infection and hence interruption of the viral life cycle. " 01/01/1994 - "The phenomenon of superantigen activation of TCR has improved our understanding of certain disorders associated with infections in humans. " 01/01/2016 - "This chapter describes an acute nasopharyngeal infection model in mice that is utilized in our laboratory to study the role of superantigen toxins in the biology of S. " 01/01/2007 - "Studies using humanized HLA class II transgenic mice and isogenic streptococcal strains have characterised the in vivo responses to superantigens produced in the context of live infection. " 04/01/2005 - "Reemergence of emm1 and a changed superantigen profile for group A streptococci causing invasive infections: results from a nationwide study."
4.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 10/01/2020 - "Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival." 03/01/2001 - "This characteristic of superantigens can be exploited in diseases where strong immunologic responses are required, such as in the B16F10 animal model of melanoma. " 06/01/1997 - "Superantigen-induced lysis of melanoma cells." 04/01/2001 - "Intratumoral IL-18 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of antibody-targeted superantigen in established murine melanoma." 11/01/2008 - "Polyethylenimine-mediated in vivo gene transfer of a transmembrane superantigen fusion construct inhibits B16 murine melanoma growth."
5.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema) 12/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of the skin staphylococcal community from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and superantigen (SAg) detection from Staphylococcus aureus isolates. " 05/01/2003 - "The present study was aimed at identifying a possible correlation between disease severity and colonization with superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains in patients with atopic eczema. " 11/01/1998 - "This study suggested that staphylococcal superantigen and its corresponding T cell subsets may act as causative or pathogenic factors in a subgroup of atopic dermatitis." 12/03/2022 - "Staphylococcus aureus superantigens (SAgs) have been reported to aggravate atopic dermatitis. " 08/01/2020 - "Bacterial superantigens can trigger atopic dermatitis (AD). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cytokines
2.	Antigens
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
4.	Staphylococcal enterotoxin A
5.	Antibodies
6.	Staphylococcal enterotoxin F
7.	Monoclonal Antibodies
8.	Glucocorticoids
9.	Calcineurin Inhibitors
10.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Cranial Irradiation
3.	Hemoperfusion
4.	Injections
5.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)