Splenosis

The spontaneous transplantation of splenic tissue to unusual sites after open splenic trauma, e.g., after automobile accidents, gunshot or stab wounds. The splenic pulp implants appear as red-blue nodules on the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery, morphologically similar to multifocal pelvic endometriosis. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Also Known As:

Networked: 334 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Infections
3.	Cytopenia
4.	Rupture
5.	Splenic Rupture

Experts

1.	Gandhi, Darshan: 2 articles (09/2021 - 05/2020)
2.	Baldari, Giorgio: 2 articles (01/2020 - 06/2015)
3.	Ruffini, Livia: 2 articles (01/2020 - 06/2015)
4.	Wang, Yu: 2 articles (04/2019 - 11/2017)
5.	Imbriaco, Massimo: 2 articles (05/2018 - 03/2008)
6.	Van Hecke, Stijn: 2 articles (01/2018 - 05/2016)
7.	Lee, Moon Soo: 2 articles (03/2016 - 03/2011)
8.	Belmonte, Maddalena: 2 articles (12/2009 - 09/2009)
9.	Monfardini, Lorenzo: 2 articles (12/2009 - 09/2009)
10.	Rizzo, Stefania: 2 articles (12/2009 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Splenosis:

1.	Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur ColloidFDA Link 05/01/2023 - "Accessory spleen or splenosis can be diagnosed radiologically using Tc-99m-labeled heat-denatured red blood cells (HRBC) and Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans, but the gold standard is histopathological examination. " 09/01/2021 - "Post-traumatic intrathoracic splenosis and role of Tc-99m Sulfur colloid scintigraphy in confirmation." 03/01/2011 - "A diagnosis of diffuse metastatic disease was initially considered before a diagnosis of intraabdominal splenosis was ultimately made with the aid of Tc-99m sulfur colloid single-positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography imaging." 08/01/2006 - "Superior demonstration of splenosis by heat-denatured Tc-99m red blood cell scintigraphy compared with Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy." 01/01/1994 - "The diagnosis of splenosis was made by technetium sulfur colloid scans. "
2.	Technetium (Technetium 99m)IBA 08/01/2005 - "A subsequent (99m)technetium heat-damaged red cell scan helped make the diagnosis of splenosis and averted a biopsy procedure." 02/01/2015 - "Post-traumatic pelvic splenosis diagnosed with a combination of laparoscopy and technetium 99m red blood cell scintigraphy." 12/01/2001 - "Intrathoracic splenosis: superiority of technetium Tc 99m heat-damaged RBC imaging." 12/01/2001 - "We present a patient with intrathoracic splenosis diagnosed on the basis of a technetium Tc 99m heat-damaged RBC scan following false-negative technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid scan results." 08/01/2005 - "Alertness to the possibility of thoracic splenosis can lead to confirmation of the diagnosis with technetium Tc 99m-tagged red blood cell radionuclide scanning based on a previous history of traumatic splenectomy."
3.	CreatinineIBA 01/01/2010 - "Splenosis improved renal function after transplantation, as indicated by increased serum creatinine concentration (group 3, 6.2 mg/dL vs group 1, 12.9 mg/dL). "
4.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)IBA 11/27/2022 - "Moreover, appropriate use of diagnostic tools, including radionuclide imaging studies, is recommended to establish an accurate diagnosis of thoracic splenosis." 03/01/2013 - "Radionuclide imaging is a useful diagnostic tool for splenosis, which could avoid unnecessary invasive procedures." 02/01/2003 - "Radionuclide imaging in thoracic splenosis and a review of the literature." 03/01/1992 - "Radionuclide scintigraphy will help diagnose splenosis. " 12/01/1988 - "Radionuclide scanning detected splenic tissue in eight patients, including two cases of typical splenosis not identified by CT. "
5.	Somatostatin Receptors (Somatostatin Receptor)IBA 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study is to ascertain the high somatostatin receptor (SSTR) uptake in spleen and to compare the uptake in spleen and splenosis using SSTR PET/CT using( 68)Ga-DOTATOC. " 01/01/2013 - "Pancreatic splenosis was found most commonly in the tail, was round, hypoechoic, with homogeneous pattern, regular borders, and with scintigraphy negative for somatostatin receptors. " 08/01/1998 - "Visualization of intestinal splenosis by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy." 12/01/2017 - "Herein we report the case of a female patient with a right suprarenal mass, which was suspected to be an atypical pheochromocytoma based on a history of the classic triad and positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, but histopathology suggested a final diagnosis of right suprarenal splenosis."
6.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 05/01/2008 - "Both patients underwent technetium-99m Sn colloid scans and were diagnosed with splenosis successfully. " 09/01/2006 - "Splenosis: 99mTc-labelled colloids provide the diagnosis in splenectomised patients." 01/01/2001 - "Splenosis was proved by colloid liver-spleen scans. " 03/15/1990 - "Work-up, including CT scan, 99m Tc colloid scintigraphy and 99m Tc-labeled heat-denaturated erythrocyte scintigraphy revealed pelvic splenosis. " 01/01/1986 - "This case confirms that, for the diagnosis of splenosis, heat-damaged RBC scintigraphy must be used rather than either sulphur colloid scintigraphy or computed-tomography."
7.	Capsules (Microcapsules)IBA 12/01/2018 - "Splenosis of the Liver Capsule." 06/28/2013 - "Splenosis of Glisson's capsule." 02/01/2010 - "On permanent section, however, the mass was found to be composed of white pulp, red pulp, a thick capsule and trabeculae and was diagnosed as ectopic splenic tissue, or thoracic splenosis. " 12/01/1992 - "These findings are in contrast to previously published works which have described poorly-developed white pulp, capsule and trabeculae in splenosis. " 12/01/1992 - "Splenosis may exhibit red and white pulp that appears histologically and immunohistochemically normal by routine methods, and a well-developed capsule and trabeculae may form. "
8.	SulfurIBA 11/01/2019 - "The imaging of choice for pelvic splenosis, although conventional, is a sulfur colloid nuclear scintigraphy." 09/01/2015 - "However, the lesion was determined to represent intrarenal splenosis, confirmed by Technetium-99m (99mTc) sulfur colloid scan and percutaneous biopsy, which revealed splenic tissue. " 10/01/1999 - "The diagnosis of thoracic splenosis can be confirmed noninvasively, using 99mTc sulfur colloid nuclear scintigraphy." 05/01/1980 - "We have studied 13 patients with this technique, and have found it useful in the clarification of various questionable splenic abnormalities found on the sulfur colloid scan, as well as in the detection of splenosis." 04/01/2018 - "Imaging features alone do not provide a definitive diagnosis of splenosis but suggestive past history associated with imaging findings consistent with splenic tissue should lead to 99m technetium-sulfur colloid scanning or ferumoxid-enhanced MRI to avoid useless surgery."
9.	ferric oxide (iron oxide)IBA 03/01/2015 - "Technetium-99m-labeled heat denatured red-blood-cells scintigraphy or superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is now considered to be the optimal method of diagnosing splenosis.Hepatic" 02/01/2003 - "Reports on the radiographic features of intrahepatic splenosis are rare, and a combination of the findings of CT, MRI (including SPIO injection), and angiography might lead to the diagnosis of splenosis." 08/01/1992 - "Splenosis: superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging." 11/01/2009 - "Intrathoracic splenosis: evaluation by superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide scintigraphy." 04/01/2019 - "After review of the literature, the following diagnostic criteria for hepatic splenosis are proposed: (1) a history of splenic trauma or splenectomy; (2) lesion(s) with a surrounding rim, particularly near the liver capsule identified by CT scanning; (3) findings on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or technetium-99m heat-damaged red cell scanning; and (4) histopathological findings (needle biopsy or surgical pathology). "
10.	IronIBA 09/01/2021 - "We discuss common characteristics of hepatic splenosis on multiple modalities, the effect of iron deposition on the imaging characteristics of hepatic and splenic tissue and how that impacts the differential and diagnosis. " 02/01/2010 - "We present a case of thoracic splenosis in a 42-yr-old man with a medical history of abdominal surgery for a penetration injury with an iron bar of the left abdomen and back. " 01/01/2008 - "Intrahepatic splenosis with severe iron deposition presenting with atypical magnetic resonance images."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Splenectomy 09/01/2018 - "These findings along with history of splenectomy confirmed a diagnosis of intrahepatic and intraperitoneal splenosis and helped avoid biopsy. " 01/01/2004 - "In previous studies, experimental splenosis was produced in normal rodents and in animals following splenectomy. " 05/01/2023 - "Though a history of splenectomy suggested a diagnosis of splenosis, a well-encapsulated and preserved splenic architecture confirmed the diagnosis of accessory spleen. " 12/01/2022 - "After revealing traumatic splenectomy in the patient's history, the differential diagnosis of splenosis was considered and a 99m-techentium heat-damaged autologous red blood cells scintigraphy performed. " 05/01/2022 - "Subcutaneous splenosis is a rare consequence of post-traumatic splenectomy that can manifest itself up to three decades after. "
2.	Transplantation 05/01/2022 - "Splenosis is an acquired form of ectopic splenic tissue that is defined as an auto-transplantation of a viable splenic tissue. " 03/01/2022 - "Thoracic Splenosis (TS) is a rare medical condition, where there is auto-transplantation of the splenic tissue in the thoracic cavity, often leading to pleural based nodules. " 12/01/2018 - "Splenosis is a benign condition defined as heterotopic auto-transplantation of splenic tissue throughout different body areas. " 07/01/2018 - "Splenosis is the heterotopic auto-transplantation of the splenic tissues. " 04/17/2020 - "BACKGROUND Splenosis is a benign condition involving the auto-transplantation of splenic tissue at various locations, resulting from splenic injury or splenectomy. "
3.	Kidney Transplantation 01/01/2010 - "These results suggest that in this experimental model of renal transplantation, splenosis and splenectomy induce clinical tolerance, as indicated by improved renal function and prolonged recipient survival." 01/01/2010 - "Group 1 (control group) underwent renal transplantation only; group 2 underwent renal transplantation and splenectomy; group 3 underwent renal transplantation and splenosis; and group 4 underwent renal transplantation, splenectomy, and splenosis. " 01/01/2010 - "To evaluate in a canine model the induction of tolerance to renal transplantation after splenectomy and splenosis. "
4.	Laparotomy 09/01/1989 - "While it has been reported to cause a number of complications, splenosis is most commonly an incidental finding at laparotomy or on imaging studies. " 04/01/2019 - "Following laparotomy, the liver lesions were resected and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of hepatic splenosis. " 03/01/2016 - "According to the literature in this case the splenic extraction was performed by specimen fragmentation in the abdominal cavity (risk of splenosis) or by a laparotomy. " 03/01/2015 - "Finally, after a mini-incision laparotomy, the lesion was resected and the diagnosis confirmed it as hepatic splenosis. " 01/01/2015 - "Splenosis is usually found incidentally at laparoscopy, laparotomy or on radiological examination and is mostly asymptomatic. "
5.	Therapeutics 12/01/2014 - "Splenosis is a common disease, patients with splenosis are generally asymptomatic and therapy is not indicated. " 01/01/2013 - "Splenosis is usually found incidentally and, unless symptomatic, surgical therapy is not indicated. " 01/01/2011 - "Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of splenosis are discussed in the context of a review of the relevant literature." 06/01/2007 - "Splenosis is usually found incidentally and unless symptomatic, therapy is not indicated. " 01/01/1985 - "Definition, diagnosis, and therapy of splenosis are demonstrated by presenting a case report. "