Parasystole

A cardiac arrhythmia that is caused by interaction of two independently initiated cardiac impulses of different rates from two separate foci. Generally one focus is the SINOATRIAL NODE, the normal pacemaker. The ectopic focus is usually in the HEART VENTRICLE but can be in the HEART ATRIUM or the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. Modulation of the parasystolic rhythm by the sinus rhythm depends on the completeness of entrance block surrounding the parasystolic focus.

Also Known As:

Networked: 31 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sick Sinus Syndrome
2.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
3.	Premature Cardiac Complexes (Extrasystoles)
4.	Atrioventricular Block
5.	Ventricular Premature Complexes (Premature Ventricular Contraction)

Experts

1.	Kimura, Koki: 1 article (01/2021)
2.	Minami, Kentaro: 1 article (01/2021)
3.	Naito, Shigeto: 1 article (01/2021)
4.	Nakamura, Kohki: 1 article (01/2021)
5.	Sasaki, Takehito: 1 article (01/2021)
6.	Sasaki, Wataru: 1 article (01/2021)
7.	Take, Yutaka: 1 article (01/2021)
8.	Fukamizu, Seiji: 1 article (08/2020)
9.	Hojo, Rintaro: 1 article (08/2020)
10.	Kawajiri, Kohei: 1 article (08/2020)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Parasystole:

1.	Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1985 - "Few studies have dealt with the effects of isoproterenol on ventricular parasystole. " 05/01/1985 - "In the patient without manifest parasystolic beats, isoproterenol unmasked the intermittent parasystole that previously had been intrinsically manifest. " 05/01/1985 - "Intravenous isoproterenol (2 to 4 micrograms/min) was administered to 11 nonmedicated patients with ventricular parasystole. " 05/01/1985 - "Concealment of manifest, and exposure of concealed, ventricular parasystole produced by isoproterenol."
2.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "[Use of kordaron in parasystole]." 10/01/1984 - "Atrial parasystole and amiodarone." 04/01/1980 - "Cordarone was used in the treatment of 15 patients with various forms of parasystole. " 04/01/1980 - "[Cordarone treatment of parasystole]." 09/29/1991 - "[Amidaron-induced dermatopathy resulting from unnecessary Cordarone therapy of ventricular parasystole]."
3.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "[The clinical efficacy of verapamil in ventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia and parasystole]." 04/01/1977 - "For the treatment of supraventricular parasystolic arrhythmias beta-adrenergic receptors blocking agents, Isoptine, cardiac glycosides were used; in ventricular parasystole the more effective drugs are Lidocain, Novocainamid, Ajmalin."
4.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1950 - "Observations in heart block; supernormality of A-V and intraventricular conduction and ventricular parasystole under the influence of epinephrine." 08/01/1994 - "There was an increased heart rate after both adrenaline and salbutamol and ventricular ectopic beats and a short run of parasystole were recorded on the ECG in one patient after adrenaline and in two patients after salbutamol. "
5.	AtropineFDA LinkGeneric 06/16/1962 - "[On an unusual effect of atropine in 2 cases of ventricular parasystole]." 04/01/1985 - "The use of functional tests employing exercise and atropine contributed to both the correct diagnosis of parasystole and extrasystole and a logical explanation of the mechanisms governing their development. "
6.	Adenosine (Adenocard)FDA LinkGeneric 11/30/1997 - "The diagnostic effect of adenosine can be used in sinus rhythm too if latent preexcitation or ventricular parasystole is suspected." 01/01/1996 - "The cases of two patients with ventricular parasystole revealed a new depressive effect of adenosine on ventricular parasystolic activity. " 01/01/1996 - "Effect of adenosine on ventricular parasystole." 11/30/1997 - "From the 9 patient suspected to have concealed WPW 2 pts had delta wave during the effect of adenosine, and in four pts parasystole was demonstrated among the pts had varying coupling interval PVC. " 11/30/1997 - "The authors investigated the effect of adenosine or ATP on narrow QRS tachycardia in 56 pts, 3 pts with wide QRS tachycardia 9 pts with suspected latent preexcitation and 10 pts with PVC suspected to be ventricular parasystole. "
7.	Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors (Diuretics, Thiazide)IBA 07/01/1989 - "Ventricular parasystole associated with ventricular bigeminy of bundle branch reentry, which was precipitated by hypokalemia during administration of a thiazide diuretic, was added for comparison (Case 2). "
8.	beta Adrenergic ReceptorsIBA 04/01/1977 - "For the treatment of supraventricular parasystolic arrhythmias beta-adrenergic receptors blocking agents, Isoptine, cardiac glycosides were used; in ventricular parasystole the more effective drugs are Lidocain, Novocainamid, Ajmalin."
9.	PrajmalineIBA 03/31/1996 - "Prajmaline is not a relatively well known and frequently used antiarrhythmic belonging to Class IA group of antiarrhythmics, which was administered to a young male with metoprolol for the treatment of parasystole. "
10.	Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)IBA 11/30/1997 - "From the 9 patient suspected to have concealed WPW 2 pts had delta wave during the effect of adenosine, and in four pts parasystole was demonstrated among the pts had varying coupling interval PVC. " 11/30/1997 - "The authors investigated the effect of adenosine or ATP on narrow QRS tachycardia in 56 pts, 3 pts with wide QRS tachycardia 9 pts with suspected latent preexcitation and 10 pts with PVC suspected to be ventricular parasystole. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 01/01/2023 - "This study sought to assess the prevalence of ventricular parasystole in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and ventricular parasystole's association with ventricular arrhythmias and conduction system abnormalities. "
2.	Arterial Switch Operation 11/01/1988 - "Concealed atrial parasystole following the Senning operation." 11/01/1988 - "A patient with sick sinus syndrome following the Senning operation was also found to have concealed atrial parasystole during intracardiac electrophysiological study. "
3.	Catheter Ablation 01/01/2021 - "Pseudo-Atrial Parasystoles After Open Heart Surgery and Catheter Ablation." 08/01/2020 - "We confirmed the earliest fascicular potential of the parasystole and performed catheter ablation with no complications. " 08/01/2020 - "Novel mapping algorithm during catheter ablation for ventricular parasystole originating from left anterior fascicle." 07/01/2010 - "Radiofrequency catheter ablation of parasystole originating from the inferior vena cava." 06/01/1996 - "Radiofrequency catheter ablation of an incessant supraventricular tachycardia initiated by a Hisian parasystole."
4.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 05/01/2018 - "Atrial parasystole (AP), defined as the presence of an additional dissociated atrial pacemaker on a surface electrocardiogram, has been described to be seen after heart transplantation using biatrial surgical technique. " 05/17/2001 - "Atrial parasystole after heart transplantation." 05/01/2018 - "Sinus node dysfunction masquerading as complete atrioventricular block in the setting of atrial parasystole after heart transplantation."
5.	Therapeutics 09/29/1991 - "[Amidaron-induced dermatopathy resulting from unnecessary Cordarone therapy of ventricular parasystole]."