Polymyositis

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1132 relevant articles (56 outcomes, 69 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)

Also Known As:

Polymyositis Ossificans; Polymyositis, Idiopathic; Idiopathic Polymyositides; Idiopathic Polymyositis; Multiple Myositis; Myositides, Multiple; Ossificans, Polymyositis; Polymyositides; Polymyositides, Idiopathic; Myositis, Multiple

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Musculoskeletal Diseases: 83

Muscular Diseases: 4140

Myositis: 1283

Polymyositis: 1132

Dermatomyositis: 1442

Nervous System Diseases: 3422

Neuromuscular Diseases: 744

Muscular Diseases: 4140

Myositis: 1283

Polymyositis: 1132

Dermatomyositis: 1442

Related Diseases

1.	Dermatomyositis (Dermatopolymyositis)
2.	Muscular Diseases (Myopathy)
3.	Inclusion Body Myositis
4.	Myasthenia Gravis
5.	Myositis (Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies)

Experts

1.	Lundberg, Ingrid E: 3 articles (10/2008 - 04/2002)
2.	Hengstman, G J D: 3 articles (01/2008 - 01/2003)
3.	van Engelen, B G M: 3 articles (01/2008 - 01/2003)
4.	van den Hoogen, F H J: 3 articles (01/2008 - 01/2003)
5.	Hohlfeld, Reinhard: 3 articles (07/2004 - 07/2002)
6.	Dornmair, Klaus: 3 articles (07/2004 - 07/2002)
7.	Liang, Y: 3 articles (11/2000 - 03/2000)
8.	Inukai, A: 3 articles (11/2000 - 03/2000)
9.	Sobue, G: 3 articles (11/2000 - 03/2000)
10.	Kuru, S: 3 articles (11/2000 - 03/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Polymyositis:

1.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2002 - "She achieved a second remission of polymyositis with cyclosporine, and has remained in remission for 4 years" 04/01/2002 - "She was diagnosed with polymyositis, and the dose of cyclosporine was increased" 11/01/1991 - "Three patients with polymyositis refractory to conventional steroid and immunosuppressive treatment, but responsive to cyclosporin A, are described" 01/01/1990 - "Polymyositis and cyclosporin A." 06/01/1988 - "Cyclosporine therapy in chronic slowly progressive polymyositis--preliminary report of clinical results in three patients." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 08/01/1996 - "HTLV-1-associated polymyositis can be successfully treated with corticosteroids." 02/01/2000 - "Four patients were initially considered as having polymyositis; corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs were always inefficient" 01/01/1999 - "Four years after presentation, he developed polymyositis which was completely controlled with short courses of corticosteroids" 06/01/1995 - "A 55-year-old woman had received corticosteroids for the treatment of polymyositis for six years" 11/01/1990 - "The main treatment for polymyositis is high-dose corticosteroids" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/2008 - "Successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of polymyositis." 02/01/2002 - "Results and long-term followup of intravenous immunoglobulin infusions in chronic, refractory polymyositis: an open study with thirty-five adult patients." 11/01/2003 - "He was then diagnosed Polymyositis and received Immunoglobulin" 06/01/2001 - "METHODS: In a patient with longstanding refractory polymyositis, intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin treatment was introduced at a standard dose (2 g/kg monthly)" 06/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVES: To test lower dose immunoglobulins as a maintenance treatment in a patient with refractory polymyositis" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 02/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: IVIG is an interesting therapy for the treatment of polymyositis, with results showing that the condition of approximately 70% of the patients tested improved" 02/01/2002 - "We carried out an open, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG in subjects with polymyositis that was refractory to traditional treatments, and we evaluated the benefits of this therapy over a long-term period of followup" 05/01/1996 - "In some patients with polymyositis, IVIG is reported to be of benefit but controlled studies have not yet been completed" 01/01/2008 - "We therefore conclude that IVIg therapy may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute complications of polymyositis, especially in cases in whom other therapeutic strategies are ineffective or harmful (Ref" 06/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Lower dose IV immunoglobulins as a maintenance treatment were used with excellent results in a case of refractory polymyositis allowing considerable reduction in treatment costs" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	SteroidsIBA 06/01/1994 - "Endomycardial, bone marrow and skeletal muscle biopsies and the pericardial fluid showed a marked eosinophilic infiltration or polymyositis, respectively, which could be treated successfully with steroids and azathioprin" 05/01/1994 - "The patient was given the diagnosis of orbital polymyositis and her condition improved clinically and radiographically while taking parenteral steroids" 01/01/2006 - "However, it is not only under diagnosed but frequently misdiagnosed as polymyositis and hence wrongly treated with steroids" 03/01/2005 - "A 60-year-old woman has been on steroids under the diagnosis of polymyositis for 25 years" 07/01/2000 - "Our second patient had histopathological evidence for polymyositis; there was a favourable response to steroids" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2005 - "The polymyositis improved promptly after the administration of prednisolone and remains in remission with a current maintenance program of prednisolone 5 mg/day." 01/01/2008 - "She was diagnosed with polymyositis (PM) on the basis of the histological findings of muscle biopsy and treated with prednisolone" 01/01/2007 - "A 53-year-old man was diagnosed with polymyositis (PM) in 1997 and treated with prednisolone" 11/01/2005 - "Prednisolone 50 mg/day as an initial dose was started for the polymyositis following which the prednisolone dose was gradually tapered off" 12/01/2002 - "A simple process is developed to enable a clinician to determine readily the optimum prednisolone intake to give the minimum average steroid levels within the patient with an effective reduction in the muscle damage arising from the polymyositis" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Zidovudine (Retrovir)FDA LinkGeneric 03/17/1988 - "Severe polymyositis-like syndrome associated with zidovudine therapy of AIDS and ARC." 04/19/1990 - "We conclude that long-term therapy with zidovudine can cause a toxic mitochondrial myopathy, which coexists with a T-cell-mediated inflammatory myopathy that is restricted to MHC-I antigen, and is indistinguishable from the myopathy associated with primary HIV infection or polymyositis in HIV-seronegative patients." 06/01/1994 - "We usually classify muscle involvement in HIV-infected patients in one of the following categories: (1) HIV-associated myopathy, a myopathy that meets the criteria for polymyositis in a majority of patients, and those for acquired nemaline myopathy in some; (2) zidovudine myopathy, a reversible mitochondrial myopathy; (3) the HIV-wasting syndrome and other AIDS-associated cachexias; (4) opportunistic infections and tumoral infiltrations of skeletal muscle; (5) vasculitic processes and iron pigment deposits" 11/01/1995 - "We usually classify muscle involvement in HIV-infected patients in one of the following categories: (1) HIV-associated myopathy, a myopathy that meets the criteria for polymyositis in a majority of patients, and those for acquired nemaline myopathy in some; (2) zidovudine myopathy, a reversible mitochondrial myopathy; (3) the HIV-wasting syndrome and other AIDS-associated cachexias; (4) opportunistic infections and tumoral infiltrations of the skeletal muscle; (5) vasculitic processes and iron pigment deposits; (6) HIV-associated myasthenia gravis and (7) rhabdomyolysis" 01/01/1997 - "We usually classify muscle involvement in HIV-infected patients in one of the following categories: HIV-associated myopathy, a myopathy that meets the criteria for polymyositis in a majority of patients, and those for acquired nemaline myopathy in some cases (1); zidovudine myopathy, a reversible mitochondrial myopathy (2); HIV-wasting syndrome and other AIDS-associated cachexias (3); opportunistic infections and tumor infiltrations of the skeletal muscle (4); vasculitic processes and iron pigment deposits (5); HIV-associated myasthenia gravis (6) and rhabdomyolysis (7)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	I-antigenIBA 07/01/2008 - "Results: Polymyositis and sIBM showed MHC class I antigen positivity along sarcolemma of single and small groups of muscle fibers" 10/01/1992 - "Muscle fibers strongly expressed the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (2/2) as in polymyositis" 07/01/2008 - "Materials and Methods: Forty muscle biopsies including seven dermatomyositis (DM), six polymyositis (PM), two sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), 20 dystrophies (one Duchenne, three Becker's, four alpha, one gamma sarcoglycanopathy, nine limb girdle, one myotonic and one fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy) and five controls were stained with antibody for MHC Class I antigen (Novocastra clone W6/32 HL 1:100 dilution)" 01/01/1988 - "The amino acid sequence of histidyl-tRNA synthetase, the Jo-I antigen of polymyositis, has been compared with that of the polyprotein of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), an agent shown recently to produce polymyositis symptoms in mice" 02/01/1986 - "The very similar tissue distribution of alpha, beta and gamma interferons in the polymyositis biopsies supports the hypothesis that interferons are released by the inflammatory infiltrate and induce the class I antigen expression" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1980 - "A controlled, prospective, double-blind, therapeutic trial of azathioprine was conducted in the initial therapy of polymyositis" 09/01/1994 - "Therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia following immunosuppression with azathioprine for polymyositis." 01/10/1975 - "Azathioprine (150 mg daily) was given to 14 patients with polymyositis" 10/01/1973 - "Azathioprine therapy in polymyositis." 10/01/2003 - "A brief trial of azathioprine in polymyositis and eight studies using various treatments in inclusion body myositis did not show benefit" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Creatine Kinase (Creatine Phosphokinase)IBA 08/01/2006 - "These two cases emphasize the importance of systematic cardiac evaluation when the diagnosis of polymyositis is initially made and the necessity of re-evaluating cardiac function, even in the presence of clinical remission and normalization of creatine phosphokinase with treatment." 09/01/2000 - "After surgery, the weakness improved and the serum creatine kinase level normalized without medical treatment for the polymyositis" 02/01/2007 - "A patient with polymyositis and normal serum creatine kinase level." 09/01/2000 - "The clinical course, a raised level of serum creatine kinase and electromyographic findings suggested polymyositis, and the pathological findings on muscle biopsy were compatible with this diagnosis" 04/01/2000 - "RESULTS: The initial diagnosis of polymyositis was supported in both cases by muscle biopsies showing inflammatory infiltrates and elevations of creatine phosphokinase and by classic electromyography" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: The characteristic findings of pulmonary involvement in polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) and the change in findings before and after treatment were evaluated with sequential high-resolution CT studies" 04/01/1988 - "Polymyositis, however, has never been reported immediately after treatment for active hyperthyroidism" 08/29/1992 - "Moreover, the fact that the abnormalities observed disappeared after treatment suggests that phosphorus NMR spectroscopy could be used as a non-invasive method in the follow-up of polymyositis, but this must be confirmed by further studies." 01/01/1993 - "We report one case of dermatomyositis and one case of polymyositis and scleroderma in which the patients' condition improved after treatment with cyclosporine (cyclosporine A)" 05/01/1979 - "After treatment of the polymyositis with corticosteroids, proteinuria and urine sediment changes disappeared within 4 to 8 wk along with an improvement in the muscle disease" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Plasma Exchange 01/01/1982 - "The role of plasma exchange in treatment of idiopathic polymyositis." 05/21/1992 - "Controlled trial of plasma exchange and leukapheresis in polymyositis and dermatomyositis." 03/01/1995 - "Plasma exchange in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a multicenter study of 57 cases." 10/01/1992 - "Plasma exchange in polymyositis and dermatomyositis." 01/01/1989 - "Plasma exchange in dermatomyositis and polymyositis" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Immunotherapy 03/14/2000 - "We also found enhanced alphaBC in abnormal fibers in other diseases; X fibers, however, were extremely sparse or absent, except in two atypical cases of polymyositis refractory to immunotherapy" 11/01/1991 - "The above data indicate considerable improvement of the prospects of these diseases, whereby the more than treble prolongation of survival of patients as compared with the previous period is due to effective, although not causal immunotherapy, in particular in systemic lupus erythematosus and dermato- and polymyositis." 02/15/2002 - "OX40+ mononuclear cells with specific distributions in muscles may be involved in the pathomechanism of polymyositis and granulomatous myopathy, and can be a candidate molecule of selective immunotherapy in these diseases." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation) 08/01/2000 - "Effective treatment of Jo-1-associated polymyositis with T-cell-depleted autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation." 02/01/2005 - "A 27-year-old man developed polymyositis as a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after non-myeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Occupational Therapy (Therapy, Occupational) 06/01/1994 - "Occupational therapy management of a patient with severe polymyositis." 06/01/1994 - "The purpose of this article is to illustrate with a case study the process through which a patient with polymyositis taking part in an occupational therapy program achieved functional improvement in spite of persistent muscle weakness" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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