Anisakiasis

Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM.

Also Known As:

Networked: 154 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Abscess
2.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
3.	Infections
4.	Parasitic Diseases (Parasitic Disease)
5.	Trichuriasis

Experts

1.	Cuéllar, C: 9 articles (02/2014 - 05/2001)
2.	Daschner, A: 7 articles (02/2014 - 03/2000)
3.	Rodero, M: 7 articles (02/2014 - 05/2001)
4.	Daschner, Alvaro: 6 articles (10/2017 - 05/2002)
5.	Ubeira, F M: 6 articles (02/2014 - 04/2000)
6.	Cuéllar, Carmen: 5 articles (10/2017 - 05/2002)
7.	Valero, Adela: 4 articles (01/2021 - 02/2011)
8.	Ubeira, Florencio M: 4 articles (10/2020 - 06/2011)
9.	Mladineo, Ivona: 4 articles (01/2019 - 02/2014)
10.	Anadón, A M: 4 articles (05/2012 - 02/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anisakiasis:

1.	AllergensIBA 10/01/2017 - "Recombinant allergens are currently the best option for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis in terms of sensitivity and specificity. " 06/01/2009 - "In this study we used this allergen as a model to investigate how ES allergens are recognized during Anisakis infections, and the usefulness of a recombinant fragment of Ani s 7 allergen (t-Ani s 7) as a marker of true Anisakis infections. " 07/01/2021 - "Freezing is considered the most suitable technological treatment to avoid Anisakis infection from eating raw or undercooked fish but modifications of their cuticles upon freezing may reduce their resistance to gastric fluids, provoking a greater release of allergens. " 11/16/2020 - "pegreffii are the most common and important fish-borne zoonotic nematodes responsible for human anisakiasis, which occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish as well as cooked fish due to their heat-stable allergens. " 01/01/2016 - "In order to enhance and refine current diagnostic tools for anisakiasis, knowledge of the whole spectrum of parasite molecules transcribed and expressed by this parasite, including those acting as potential allergens, is necessary. "
2.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 12/01/2019 - "If suspicion for gastric or intestinal anisakiasis is high, treatment with endoscopic removal or albendazole may be initiated." 12/01/2014 - "Peppermint (Mentha piperita) and albendazole against anisakiasis in an animal model." 07/06/2002 - "Treatment of anisakiasis with albendazole." 12/15/2005 - "Albendazole for the treatment of anisakiasis ileus." 12/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of peppermint essential oil (EO) and its main components against the parasite in comparison to albendazole, a drug currently prescribed to treat anisakiasis. "
3.	Volatile Oils (Essential Oils)IBA 01/01/2014 - "The data obtained suggest that the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia may have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of human anisakiasis." 04/15/2012 - "Activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis." 12/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of peppermint essential oil (EO) and its main components against the parasite in comparison to albendazole, a drug currently prescribed to treat anisakiasis. "
4.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 04/01/2022 - "IgE-mediated gastroallergic anisakiasis with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a case report." 07/01/2017 - "IgE sensitization to Anisakis pegreffii in Italy: Comparison of two methods for the diagnosis of allergic anisakiasis." 02/01/2016 - "Anisakiasis has been only suspected in the country based on previously detected anti-Anisakis IgE seroprevalence in the healthy coastal population, as well as an acute case where pathohistological and serological findings suggested the diseases, but the migrating larva has not been retrieved. " 05/01/2014 - "Among patients presenting acute gastric anisakiasis-like symptoms, a diagnosis of gastroallergic anisakiasis may be strongly supported by a high Anisakis-specific IgE titer." 05/01/2014 - "Both the results of skin prick tests and elevated Anisakis-specific IgE titers (>17.5 kU/L) were found to be reliable indicators for the diagnosis of gastroallergic anisakiasis. "
5.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/2010 - "The different persistence of anti-Ani s 1 and anti-Ani s 7 antibodies in serum may help clinicians to distinguish between recent and old Anisakis infections." 08/01/2002 - "We review 23 cases of digestive anisakiasis registered between 1989 and 2001, and confirmed by the measurement of specific serum Ig E antibodies. " 11/01/1986 - "[Analysis of antigens defined by anti-anisakis larvae IG-G and IG-E antibodies in sera of patients with acute gastric anisakiasis]." 08/01/1999 - "Capture ELISA techniques were used to investigate the isotype profiles of antibodies specific for two defined Anisakis simplex antigens, in serum from Japanese patients with confirmed anisakiasis and from Spanish patients with allergy to Anisakis. " 04/01/2010 - "Our findings suggest that ELISA methods with Ani s 7 and Ani s 1 allergens as targets of IgE antibodies are currently the best option for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis, combining specificity and sensitivity. "
6.	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)IBA 06/01/2021 - "We experienced a case of intestinal anisakiasis diagnosed on the basis of the Anisakis-specific immunoglobulin A level from paired sera and treated successfully with conservative therapy, although ileum perforation was complicated by a 50-mm abscess. " 04/01/2020 - "All adult patients who were clinically diagnosed as anisakiasis based on Computed Tomography (CT) scan or endoscopy were included, and anti-Anisakis antibodies (IgG and IgA) were measured for serological validation of anisakiasis, strengthen the diagnosis. " 12/01/1990 - "In nine cases of gastric anisakiasis, three of them were positive for IgG response, five for IgE, and six for IgA, respectively. " 12/01/1990 - "Immunoblot analysis of serum IgG, IgA and IgE responses against larval excretory-secretory antigens of Anisakis simplex in patients with gastric anisakiasis." 12/01/1990 - "To increase our understanding of the immune response to Anisakis infection, antigen specific IgG, IgA and IgE responses were identified using an immunoblot technique after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of excretory-secretory products from the larval stage of Anisakis simplex. "
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "Intestinal Anisakiasis Treated Successfully with Prednisolone and Olopatadine Hydrochloride."
8.	Olopatadine Hydrochloride (Patanol)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "Intestinal Anisakiasis Treated Successfully with Prednisolone and Olopatadine Hydrochloride."
9.	AntigensIBA 02/01/2014 - "The main objective of the study was to determine the degree of sensitization to Anisakis spp. antigens in healthy coastal population of Dalmatia given the high thermally unprocessed fish intake rate present in this area, suggested as a significant risk factor for anisakiasis. " 07/01/2017 - "They could be considered as major antigens in the diagnosis of allergic anisakiasis caused by A. pegreffii." 01/01/2010 - "This short-term whole blood test can be useful for immune response characterization in Anisakis infection and showed that heated parasite antigens are still capable of inducing cellular immune response in sensitized patients." 08/01/2004 - "This antigen detection assay may have application in the diagnosis of anisakiasis." 01/01/2003 - "When the sera from persons diagnosed with anisakiasis by means of endoscopy were analyzed using indirect ELISA and Western blot, the sera was classified into four groups depending on specific antigen recognition patterns. "
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 10/01/1990 - "Judy Sakanari describes the biochemical and molecular studies on the proteins excreted and/or secreted by Anisakis larvae that are currently underway to help elucidate the role these proteins may play in the invasion process and the pathogenesis of anisakiasis." 04/14/2022 - "The identified tissue-specific proteins could serve as targets for new drugs against anisakiasis." 04/01/2020 - "Older males who were regular alcohol drinkers were associated with intestinal anisakiasis, and often heart rate, total protein, and CRP were elevated compared to those of patients with gastric anisakiasis." 02/05/2016 - "Thus, human health can be at risk, either by contracting anisakiasis through the consumption of raw or under-cooked fish, or by sensitisation to anisakid proteins in processed food. " 01/01/2012 - "Although no cases of human anisakiasis have been reported in Morocco to date, part of a randomly selected population in Northern Morocco shows sensitization to A simplex proteins."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Conservative Treatment 01/14/2014 - "A correct clinical history and imaging interpretation helped us diagnose intestinal anisakiasis correctly and thus treat the patients successfully with conservative therapy. " 01/14/2014 - "We experienced three cases of intestinal anisakiasis, which were diagnosed correctly and treated successfully with conservative therapy. " 01/14/2014 - "Intestinal anisakiasis treated successfully with conservative therapy: importance of clinical diagnosis." 01/01/2020 - "As the larvae cannot survive in the body, conservative treatment might be effective in intestinal anisakiasis and surgery is usually performed when complications are encountered. " 01/01/2009 - "Enteric anisakiasis which improved with conservative treatment."
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2019 - "Diagnosis and treatment of anisakiasis are made by a dietary history, direct visualization and endoscopic extraction of possible larvae, which is the only effective therapy. " 12/01/2014 - "Therapy against anisakiasis requires invasive techniques to extract L3 , and an effective drug against this nematode is needed. " 05/01/1981 - "[Gastric anisakiasis with acute symptoms--diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]." 12/01/2014 - "Although all patients had abdominal pain, the gastric anisakiasis group developed symptoms significantly earlier (peaking within 6 hours) than the small intestinal anisakiasis group (peaking within 48 hours), and fewer patients with gastric anisakiasis needed admission therapy (5% vs 57%, P<.01). " 04/01/2006 - "The purpose of this review is to update knowledge about the therapy of anisakiasis, cystic echinococcosis, fascioliasis, giardiasis, pinworm/tapeworm infections, strongyloidiasis, and toxoeariasis."
3.	Laparotomy 02/01/2013 - "Enteric anisakiasis is very rare, and its diagnosis is usually made after laparotomy. " 01/01/2003 - "Enteric anisakiasis is very rare, and its diagnosis is usually only made after laparotomy. " 07/01/2003 - "Anisakiasis is a misdiagnosed and underestimated cause of acute abdomen: most patients undergo laparotomy, and virtually no cases are diagnosed before surgery. " 09/08/1979 - "To the list of the well known parasitic diseases which are expressed by acute abdominal syndromes and which need laparotomy, we may now add the anisakiasis. " 03/01/1998 - "Patients who have acute abdomen after recent ingestion of seafood and in whom ascites, small bowel dilatation, and focal edema of Kerckring's folds are seen by sonography should be suspected of having small intestinal anisakiasis and should be treated conservatively without laparotomy."
4.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 08/01/2019 - "In all patients who underwent colonoscopy, the worms were removed with biopsy forceps, except in 1 case, and a definite diagnosis of anisakiasis was made. " 07/01/1989 - "Endoscopic examination with biopsy forceps has facilitated the diagnosis of gastric anisakiasis. " 02/15/1985 - "Because the larvae of Anisakis can always be observed by endoscopy and removed with biopsy forceps, early performance of endoscopy is highly recommended for patients in whom acute gastric anisakiasis is suspected and for those who have eaten raw fish within 12 hours before onset of the gastric symptoms. "
5.	Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique) 07/04/2023 - "Intestinal Obstruction for Anisakiasis: Surgical and Physical Therapy Treatment."