Bacterial Meningitis

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1719 relevant articles (116 outcomes, 199 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots. The type of causative organism varies with age and clinical status (e.g., post-operative, immunodeficient, or post-traumatic states). Clinical manifestations include the acute onset of fever, stiff neck, altered mentation, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. Death may occur within 24 hours of disease onset. Pathologic features include a purulent exudate in the subarachnoid space, and diffuse inflammation of neural and vascular structures. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, pp1-5)

Also Known As:

Meningitis, Bacterial; Bacterial Meningitides; Meningitides, Bacterial

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses

Bacterial Infections: 6830

Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections: 3

Bacterial Meningitis: 1719

Meningeal Tuberculosis: 1426

Pneumococcal Meningitis: 558

Meningococcal Meningitis: 231

Listeria Meningitis: 70

Escherichia coli Meningitis: 51

Haemophilus Meningitis: 30

Nervous System Diseases: 3643

Central Nervous System Diseases: 1005

Central Nervous System Infections: 250

Meningitis: 5878

Bacterial Meningitis: 1719

Meningeal Tuberculosis: 1426

Pneumococcal Meningitis: 558

Meningococcal Meningitis: 231

Listeria Meningitis: 70

Escherichia coli Meningitis: 51

Haemophilus Meningitis: 30

Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections: 3

Bacterial Meningitis: 1719

Meningeal Tuberculosis: 1426

Pneumococcal Meningitis: 558

Meningococcal Meningitis: 231

Listeria Meningitis: 70

Escherichia coli Meningitis: 51

Haemophilus Meningitis: 30

Related Diseases

1.	Meningitis
2.	Infection
3.	Hearing Loss (Hearing Impairment)
4.	Viral Meningitis
5.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)

Experts

1.	van de Beek, Diederik: 7 articles (05/2008 - 11/2002)
2.	de Gans, Jan: 7 articles (05/2008 - 11/2002)
3.	Nau, Roland: 5 articles (09/2007 - 03/2003)
4.	Koedel, Uwe: 5 articles (01/2007 - 11/2002)
5.	Prasad, K: 4 articles (01/2007 - 01/2003)
6.	Gerber, Joachim: 4 articles (11/2006 - 03/2003)
7.	Leib, S L: 4 articles (06/2006 - 05/2001)
8.	Singhi, Sunit: 3 articles (10/2008 - 10/2002)
9.	Peltola, Heikki: 3 articles (10/2008 - 11/2007)
10.	Tunkel, Allan R: 3 articles (07/2008 - 09/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bacterial Meningitis:

1.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2002 - "It is concluded that dexamethasone may be beneficial in some aspects of bacterial meningitis, in adults. " 04/01/1997 - "So, the modulating effect of dexamethasone on both inflammatory and neuroendocrine response may be beneficial in bacterial meningitis and can probably be, achieved with sufficiently high dose of dexamethasone w has not yet been specified. " 12/01/2002 - "Apart from dexamethasone, these treatment strategies hold major promise for the adjunctive therapy of acute bacterial meningitis in clinical practice." 06/01/1997 - "Apart from dexamethasone these agents hold major promise for the adjunctive therapy of bacterial meningitis in clinical practice." 06/01/1993 - "Therapeutic trials with dexamethasone in addition to antibiotic treatment have yielded promising results in reducing morbidity and long-term neurologic sequelae in bacterial meningitis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "The third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone was found to be very safe and effective when administered intramuscularly once a day in the treatment of the different types of acute bacterial meningitis. " 06/28/1985 - "Seven days of ceftriaxone therapy is as effective as ten days' treatment for bacterial meningitis." 10/19/1984 - "The volume of distribution and the plasma clearance of ceftriaxone in pediatric patients were threefold greater than those in adults, and ceftriaxone penetrated the inflamed meninges of infants and children with bacterial meningitis. " 05/01/1988 - "Ceftriaxone is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial meningitis when administered once daily." 05/01/1986 - "Based on this preliminary experience, ceftriaxone, when given in a single daily dose, appears safe and effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in nonneonatal infants and children." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cefotaxime (Kendrick)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1984 - "The study demonstrates that cefotaxime is effective in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis." 09/01/1989 - "Based on this clinical study, cefotaxime is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis." 05/01/1995 - "Cefotaxime is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis." 07/01/1985 - "Cefotaxime was found to be as safe and effective as standard therapy for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children." 07/01/1986 - "We conclude that cefotaxime has similar efficacy when compared with conventional therapy for the management of bacterial meningitis in pediatric patients." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1989 - "Although the development of antibiotics was the main contributing factor in improving the prognosis for bacterial meningitis, it is suggested from our data that other factors such as improved general supportive care and carrying out of public health programs also played an important role in improving the overall prognosis for bacterial meningitis." 01/01/1986 - "Early administration of antibiotics proved particularly effective in preventing purulent bacterial meningitis of newborn; this disease did not occur with any of the infants observed during the study period. " 10/01/2007 - "She was diagnosed as bacterial meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid examinations, and her condition was immediately improved by antibiotics. " 12/01/1995 - "BACKGROUND: There is little evidence supporting the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing secondary cases of bacterial meningitis, and recent guidance extended the use of prophylactic antibiotics amongst children who attend pre-school groups. " 03/01/1992 - "The patient was found to have bacterial meningitis, which responded well to an intravenous antibiotics therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2007 - "INTRODUCTION: Outcomes following bacterial meningitis are significantly improved by adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids. " 01/01/2007 - "Corticosteroids were protective against short-term neurological sequelae in patients with bacterial meningitis high-income countries (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.84); in low-income countries this RR was 1.09 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.45). " 01/01/2003 - "REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of children with acute bacterial meningitis. " 07/01/2009 - "The use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in adults with bacterial meningitis was evaluated in eight studies, performed over 45 years. " 05/07/2008 - "CONTEXT: In adults, adjuvant corticosteroids significantly reduce mortality associated with bacterial meningitis; however, in children, studies reveal conflicting results. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Cefuroxime (Zinacef)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1982 - "We conclude that cefuroxime is effective and safe for the treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis caused by any of these common organisms." 01/01/1983 - "The efficacy of cefuroxime in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in infants and children." 09/01/1984 - "An extended experience with cefuroxime therapy of childhood bacterial meningitis." 02/01/1984 - "Cefuroxime treatment of bacterial meningitis in infants and children." 01/01/1983 - "Forty-eight infants and children with bacterial meningitis received daily dosages of cefuroxime ranging from 90 to 300 mg/kg during the first two to four days of treatment and 45 to 149 mg/kg during the subsequent six to eight days of treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Anti-Infective Agents (Microbicides)IBA 12/01/2002 - "Genetic targeting and/or pharmacologic blockade of the implicated pathways may be a future strategy for therapeutic adjunctive measures to improve outcome and may hold substantial promise, in concert with antimicrobial agents, in humans with acute bacterial meningitis." 12/01/1997 - "Safe and effective agents with demonstrated efficacy as adjuvants to bactericidal antimicrobial agents in the therapy for bacterial meningitis in humans may improve the prognosis of this disease." 11/01/1993 - "The judicious use of safe and effective agents with demonstrated efficacy as adjuncts to bactericidal antimicrobial agents in the therapy for bacterial meningitis in humans may improve the prognosis of this disease." 10/01/1996 - "The purpose of this study was to develop a model of bacterial meningitis in young adult rats for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. " 04/01/2005 - "These findings suggest that combination therapy with MEPM and various antimicrobial agents tested in this study are useful in treating bacterial meningitis caused by BLNAR and PRSP." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)FDA Link 07/01/1979 - "Chloramphenicol has proven highly efficacious in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by those organisms against which it is bactericidal at low concentrations. " 10/24/1980 - "Oral chloramphenicol for bacterial meningitis: effective and safe." 06/01/2003 - "Chloramphenicol is standard treatment for bacterial meningitis in Papua New Guinea. " 06/01/1996 - "Chloramphenicol-resistant bacterial meningitis in Malawi." 01/01/1993 - "Long-acting chloramphenicol for bacterial meningitis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	VaccinesIBA 07/01/2009 - "Several vaccines are available (including the Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide conjugate vaccine) that have proven effective in reducing the incidence of bacterial meningitis. " 06/01/2000 - "New vaccines are under study to further control bacterial meningitis." 07/01/2009 - "Bacterial meningitis vaccines: not just for kids." 06/01/2008 - "Bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality and neurodisability in childhood, particularly in the developing world where effective vaccines against the usual pathogens responsible for the disease are not in routine use. " 03/01/2006 - "The outcome of bacterial meningitis in British and Malawian children before the introduction of these vaccines was compared. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Lactic Acid FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1981 - "Is the CSF lactate measurement useful in the management of children with suspected bacterial meningitis?" 09/01/1981 - "Use of CSF lactate measurement for monitoring the efficacy of treatment is illustrated in a case of bacterial meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. " 05/01/1979 - "The study suggests, however, that measurements of lactate levels in CSF, when combined with clinical and conventional laboratory observations, can increase the reliability of rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis." 08/01/2009 - "Furthermore, CSF lactate level can also differentiate bacterial meningitis from viral one in a quick and better way." 08/01/2009 - "The mean CSF lactate level in bacterial meningitis cases amounted to 16.51 +/- 6.14 mmol/l, whereas it was significantly lower in viral group 2.36 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, p < .0001. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/1981 - "The present study, in which 59 of 97 children received chemotherapy for presumptive bacterial meningitis and of whom only 40 were subsequently proved to have a bacterial aetiology, reflects this. " 09/01/1953 - "A study of intrathecal chemotherapy in bacterial meningitis." 07/01/2009 - "The available data supports the recommendation that hospital investigation of a patient with presumed bacterial meningitis should be conducted in such a way that efficient antimicrobial chemotherapy will be initiated within one hour after arrival." 07/01/2009 - "This review of pediatric bacterial meningitis was presented in the 17th French Consensus Conference of antimicrobial chemotherapy. " 07/01/2007 - "Bacterial meningitis: a review of effective pharmacotherapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 12/01/1988 - "The range of pretreatment LZM levels in bacterial meningitis was 7.2 to 65 mg/l and above 3 mg/l in all cases 48 h after treatment. " 06/01/1991 - "After treatment, one patient developed bacterial meningitis, and two developed MTX-induced interstitial pneumonitis, which was cured by steroid therapy. " 06/01/2008 - "We report an 11-day-old full-term male neonate with persistent positive CRP after treatment of bacterial meningitis, and who developed hydrocephaly at follow-up. " 11/13/2001 - "Low cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid 42 in patients with acute bacterial meningitis and normalization after treatment." 02/01/1990 - "A case of mixed bacterial meningitis with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae is reported in a 26-year-old woman without demonstrable predisposing conditions, who recovered after treatment with ampicillin, without sequelae." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Intramuscular Injections 09/28/1985 - "In children with bacterial meningitis chloramphenicol alone given by intramuscular injection is as effective as chloramphenicol plus penicillin given intravenously." 08/01/1994 - "Ceftriaxone therapy of bacterial meningitis: cerebrospinal fluid concentrations and bactericidal activity after intramuscular injection in children treated with dexamethasone." 09/28/1985 - "367 children with cerebrospinal-fluid findings suggestive of bacterial meningitis were randomised to receive either chloramphenicol alone by intramuscular injection, or chloramphenicol plus penicillin by intravenous injection. " 03/01/1980 - "One explanation for the failure of cephalothin to cure patients with bacterial meningitis is that desacetylcephalothin, as in vivo metabolite that has less antibacterial activity than the parent drug, penetrates more efficiently into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); In experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits, the peak levels of cephalothin and desacetylcephalothin in CSF after an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of cephalothin/kg were, respectively, 1.43 +/- 4.9 microgram/ml (2.8% of peak serum level) and 1.69 +/- 0.57 microgram/ml (2.2% of peak serum level). " 05/30/1981 - "Fifty children with bacterial meningitis were treated with intramuscular injections of benzyl penicillin, probenecid given orally and chloramphenicol palmitate suspension given orally, and the outcome was evaluated prospectively. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 10/01/2007 - "The aim of this 4-year, observational, single-center study was to identify prognostic factors and evaluate the need for intensive care in cases of bacterial meningitis. " 04/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVE: Despite progress in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a devastating disease. " 01/01/2005 - "Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency and is optimally managed in an intensive care environment. " 06/01/2004 - "The objective of this retrospective, descriptive analysis was to identify the clinical indicators for intensive care in children with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). " 06/01/2004 - "Intensive care needs of children with acute bacterial meningitis: a developing country perspective." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Intravenous Infusions 05/01/1988 - "Antibody was administered by single intravenous infusion of 1 to 4 h duration at doses ranging from 0.1 to 15 mg/kg. Five patients had positive blood cultures for gram-negative bacteria, one patient had Torulopsis septicemia, one patient had gram-negative bacterial meningitis, and two patients were culture negative. " 11/01/1980 - "The recommended dosage is as follows: 50 mg/kg given intravenously 6 times daily for bacterial meningitis and 20 approximately 25 mg/kg intravenously or by a drip infusion 2 to 3 times daily for other infections." 02/01/1983 - "The therapeutic efficacy and attainable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of moxalactam, administered by intravenous drip in a dose of 2 g every 4 to 8 h, were evaluated in seven adult patients with bacterial meningitis. " 05/01/1985 - "We treated 10 patients with bacterial meningitis by 150 mg/kg/day cefmenoxime divided into six intravenous infusions. " 12/01/1982 - "A total of 38 patients with bacterial meningitis received either 50 or 75 mg of cefuroxime per kg of body weight given as a 15-min intravenous infusion during the first to third days of therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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