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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Also Known As:
Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Cerebral Cryptococcosis; Cerebral Cryptococcoses; Cerebral Cryptococcoses, Granulomous; Cerebral Cryptococcosis, Granulomous; Cryptococcal Meningitides; Cryptococcoses, Cerebral; Cryptococcoses, Granulomous Cerebral; Cryptococcosis, Cerebral; Cryptococcosis, Granulomous Cerebral; Granulomous Cerebral Cryptococcoses; Meningitides, Cryptococcal; Torulomas; Granulomous Cerebral Cryptococcosis; Toruloma
Networked: 1240 relevant articles (111 outcomes, 140 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
2. Infections
3. Mycoses (Diseases, Fungus)
4. Cryptococcosis
5. Candidiasis (Moniliasis)

Experts

1. Boulware, David R: 79 articles (09/2022 - 06/2008)
2. Meya, David B: 61 articles (09/2022 - 06/2008)
3. Harrison, Thomas S: 58 articles (06/2022 - 05/2004)
4. Jarvis, Joseph N: 47 articles (06/2022 - 04/2009)
5. Rhein, Joshua: 43 articles (09/2022 - 06/2008)
6. Meintjes, Graeme: 39 articles (01/2022 - 10/2006)
7. Bicanic, Tihana: 26 articles (11/2020 - 11/2005)
8. Loyse, Angela: 25 articles (01/2022 - 07/2008)
9. Muzoora, Conrad: 25 articles (01/2022 - 12/2008)
10. Rajasingham, Radha: 21 articles (02/2022 - 04/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cryptococcal Meningitis:
1. Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric
2. Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric
3. Flucytosine (Ancobon)FDA Link
4. liposomal amphotericin BFDA Link
5. Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric
6. AntigensIBA
04/01/2009 - "Cryptococcal antigen screening before initiation of ART in patients with a CD4 cell count <or=100 cells/microL is highly effective for identifying those at risk of cryptococcal meningitis and death and might permit implementation of a targeted preemptive treatment strategy."
01/01/2023 - "Outpatient Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Is Associated With Favorable Baseline Characteristics and Improved Survival in Persons With Cryptococcal Meningitis in Uganda."
05/01/1982 - "10 normal volunteers and 8 patients who had been cured of cryptococcal meningitis and who had been cured of cryptococcal meningitis and who had no serious underlying diseases were immunized with both antigens. "
01/01/2021 - "Cryptococcal Antigen in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Detecting Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies."
08/08/2018 - " HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CCM) and related mortality may be prevented by the effective implementation of a screen-and-treat intervention. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the screen-and-treat intervention at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Method: This was a descriptive study in which the records of patients seen in 2015 and 2016 with a CD4 count ≤ 100 cell/mm3 were retrieved from National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) records and matched against patients admitted for HIV-associated CCM. Results: A total of 5.1% (190 out of 3702) patients with CD4 count ≤ 100 cell/mm3 were cryptococcal antigen positive (CrAg +ve), of whom 22.6% (43 out of 190) were admitted with CCM. "
7. Antifungal AgentsIBA
8. Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric
9. LatexIBA
10. Sertraline (Zoloft)FDA LinkGeneric

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Art Therapy
3. Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4. Intraventricular Infusions
5. Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)