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Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.
Also Known As:
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Fragile X Premature Ovarian Failure; Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Hypergonadotropic Ovarian Failure, X-Linked; Premature Ovarian Failure; Premature Ovarian Failure 1; Premature Ovarian Failure, X-Linked; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Fragile X-Associated; X-Linked Hypergonadotropic Ovarian Failure; FMR1 Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Fragile X Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Gonadotropin Resistant Ovary Syndrome; Hypergonadotropic Ovarian Failure, X Linked; Ovarian Insufficiency, Primary; Premature Ovarian Failure, X Linked; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Fragile X Associated; X Linked Hypergonadotropic Ovarian Failure; Gonadotropin-Resistant Ovary Syndrome; Ovarian Failure, Premature; Resistant Ovary Syndrome
Networked: 1562 relevant articles (48 outcomes, 195 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Infertility (Sterility)
2. Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
3. Neoplasms (Cancer)
4. Premature Menopause
5. Osteoporosis

Experts

1. Nelson, Lawrence M: 22 articles (12/2016 - 04/2002)
2. Kim, Nam Keun: 18 articles (02/2021 - 06/2008)
3. Lee, Woo Sik: 16 articles (02/2021 - 11/2012)
4. Liu, Te: 13 articles (04/2022 - 01/2012)
5. Jeon, Young Joo: 11 articles (02/2015 - 11/2011)
6. Calis, Karim A: 11 articles (09/2014 - 08/2004)
7. Liu, Jing: 10 articles (07/2022 - 01/2018)
8. Chen, Chuan: 10 articles (08/2021 - 07/2014)
9. Wang, Jing: 10 articles (10/2019 - 01/2010)
10. Fauser, Bart C J M: 10 articles (01/2019 - 12/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Primary Ovarian Insufficiency:
1. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric
2. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link
11/01/2017 - "The majority of the trials evaluated in this analysis were designed to test efficacy of GnRH analogs in preventing premature ovarian failure. "
01/01/2019 - "In the GnRH agonist group, 326 of 447 participants had menstruation recovery or maintenance (72.9%) in comparison to the control group, in which 276 of 422 participants had menstruation recovery or maintenance (65.4%) during a follow-up period longer than 12 months (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22; 8 studies, 869 participants; I2 = 56%; low-certainty evidence).The incidence of premature ovarian failure was 43 of 401 (10.7%) in the GnRH agonist group and 96 of 379 (25.3%) in the control group (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.61; 4 studies, 780 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-certainty evidence), with an overall effect favouring treatment with GnRH agonist (P < 0.00001).The incidence of pregnancy was 32 of 356 (9.0%) in the GnRH agonist group and 22 of 347 (6.3%) in the control group (RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.70; 7 studies, 703 participants; I2 = 0%; low-certainty evidence), with no difference between groups (P = 0.09). "
11/01/2008 - "All nine studies analysing the effect of GnRH-a found lower rates of premature ovarian failure (POF) in patients receiving GnRH-a compared with the controls. "
03/15/2023 - "Application value of Early-Follicular Phase Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Long Protocol in patients with resistant ovary syndrome."
01/01/2018 - "GnRH agonists seem to reduce the risk of premature ovarian failure up to 50%; however, the effect is possibly not long-lasting. "
3. Hormones (Hormone)IBA
4. Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link
5. Estradiol (Delestrogen)FDA LinkGeneric
6. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Follitropin)FDA Link
7. SteroidsIBA
8. ProgesteroneFDA LinkGeneric
9. Galactose (Galactopyranose)FDA LinkGeneric
10. Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3. Transplantation
4. Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement)
5. Aftercare (After-Treatment)