High Cardiac Output

A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and HYPOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 163 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
2.	Vascular Malformations
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Endotoxemia
5.	Iron-Deficiency Anemia (Anemia, Iron Deficiency)

Experts

1.	Krowka, Michael J: 2 articles (01/2020 - 01/2018)
2.	Dongelyan, Ani: 2 articles (05/2013 - 02/2013)
3.	Ikeda, Yasuhiro: 1 article (04/2022)
4.	Matsukuma, Satoshi: 1 article (04/2022)
5.	Nagano, Hiroaki: 1 article (04/2022)
6.	Shindo, Yoshitaro: 1 article (04/2022)
7.	Tokumitsu, Yukio: 1 article (04/2022)
8.	Yamada, Kensuke: 1 article (04/2022)
9.	Ghafghazi, Shahab: 1 article (06/2021)
10.	Huffman, Travis R: 1 article (06/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to High Cardiac Output:

1.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "High-cardiac output state was present in 21 patients (36.8%) and 10 (17.5%) were treated with intravenous bevacizumab primarily for HOCF. " 03/07/2012 - "To test the efficacy of bevacizumab in reducing high cardiac output in severe hepatic forms of HHT and to assess improvement in epistaxis duration and quality of life. " 03/07/2012 - "In this preliminary study of patients with HHT associated with severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output, administration of bevacizumab was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and reduced duration and number of episodes of epistaxis. " 03/07/2012 - "Bevacizumab in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output." 09/01/2015 - "Some clinical cases or small series report the efficacy of bevacizumab, in HHT with recurrent epistaxis, refractory iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding and also in liver vascular malformations with high cardiac output failure. "
2.	Dextrans (Dextran)FDA Link 03/01/1993 - "High cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance reflect a hypercirculatory state, during which left ventricular filling pressure is maintained by carefully monitored volume substitution (6% dextran 60). " 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
3.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 01/01/2000 - "Volume expansion, with crystalloids or colloids produces a hyperdynamic state with high cardiac output and low peripheral resistances. " 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
4.	Ringer's LactateIBA 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
5.	SodiumIBA 08/01/1997 - "In contrast, a low intra-arterial blood pressure was determined by a low serum sodium, a low haemoglobin, and a high cardiac output. " 10/01/1980 - "This study was carried out in anaesthetised rats with high cardiac output induced by sodium loading and low cardiac output by sodium restriction. " 04/01/2002 - "They lead to a circulatory dysfunction characterized by arterial vasodilation, arterial hypotension, high cardiac output and hypervolemia and to renal sodium and water retention. " 08/01/2001 - "In cirrhotic patients, volume homeostasis is almost impaired due to abnormal sodium retention, which results in ascites formation and hemodynamic changes, including high cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance. " 03/01/1995 - "The systemic hemodynamic disturbances in nonazotemic cirrhotics is paralleled by the impairment in sodium homeostasis, suggesting that the decrease in systemic vascular resistance is the primary event leading to hypotension, high cardiac output and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in these patients."
6.	DobutamineFDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of pulmonary autografts in the aortic position and the homografts used to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract during conditions of high cardiac output by means of dobutamine stress echocardiography. " 07/01/1997 - "These data show that high cardiac output is relatively common in infants with RDS dependent on dopamine and dobutamine but is not reflected in the blood pressure." 01/01/2023 - "We used norepinephrine to create systemic vasoconstriction, dobutamine to create high cardiac output, and rapid right ventricle pacing as a model of acute heart failure in a porcine model of high-flow AVF circulation. " 07/01/2013 - "After infusion of remifentanil (0.5 μg/kg/min) and propofol (6 mg/kg/h after 2 mg/kg bolus infusion) for 60 min (baseline 1), cardiac output was increased by continuous infusion of dobutamine and termination of isoflurane (high cardiac output state). " 06/01/2004 - "Peak waveform velocities were measured during conditions of light anesthesia with isoflurane (baseline; period 1), cardiovascular depression following administration of high-dose isoflurane and esmolol i.v. (period 2), cardiovascular depression with crystalloid volume expansion (period 3), and high cardiac output induced with dobutamine (period 4). "
7.	Propofol (Diprivan)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1994 - "We suggest that propofol may be a more suitable agent than isoflurane for anaesthesia in patients who may already have impaired right ventricular function and in whom maintaining high cardiac output may be beneficial." 09/01/1999 - "We examined the cardiac output dependence of the initial kinetics of propofol in two separate studies using chronically instrumented sheep in which propofol (100 mg) was infused IV over 2 min. In the first study, steady-state periods of low, medium, and high cardiac output were achieved by altering carbon dioxide tension in six halothane-anesthetized sheep. " 07/01/2013 - "After infusion of remifentanil (0.5 μg/kg/min) and propofol (6 mg/kg/h after 2 mg/kg bolus infusion) for 60 min (baseline 1), cardiac output was increased by continuous infusion of dobutamine and termination of isoflurane (high cardiac output state). "
8.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)IBA 06/01/2000 - "Hemodynamic study revealed precapillary PH with high cardiac output; vasodilators agents led to significant pulmonary responsiveness. " 09/01/2006 - "Possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension due to hyperthyroidism include damage to pulmonary vascular endothelium due to high cardiac output or an autoimmune process or increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilators. " 11/01/1999 - "Possible mechanisms for development of pulmonary hypertension caused by hyperthyroidism include pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction or damage because of autoimmunity or the high cardiac output state, or increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilators."
9.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1999 - "Excessive prostacyclin in PPH can lead to a high cardiac output state, suggesting it has important positive inotropic effects. " 09/01/1979 - "High prostacyclin generation could contribute to maintaining the low peripheral vascular resistance typical of foetal circulation in which blood pressure is low despite very high cardiac output." 10/01/1999 - "We studied 12 patients with PPH treated with chronic prostacyclin therapy who presented in high cardiac output states. " 10/01/1999 - "This study evaluated the response to prostacyclin dose reduction in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) who developed high cardiac outputs. " 11/01/2023 - "After transitioning, epoprostenol-associated intolerable side effects, such as high cardiac output symptoms, ascites, and thrombocytopenia, were ameliorated. "
10.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 09/01/1994 - "Ultrasound echocardiographic studies in 13 patients revealed that the pre-HD state of high cardiac output was correlated by HD in association with decreases in plasma ir-BNP and ir-ANP levels. " 04/01/1995 - "We compared plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cGMP levels during normal pregnancy--a condition characterized by hypervolemia, high cardiac output, and decreased vascular resistance--with postpartum levels and assessed their relation to pregnancy-induced hemodynamic changes. " 07/01/1996 - "To investigate this, a rat model of compensated high-output heart failure was used to determine whether glomerular response to ANP differs in animals with high cardiac output compared with control animals. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Resuscitation 11/01/2013 - "This in vivo study building on previous simulation work demonstrates that the closed-loop fluid management system used in this experiment can perform fluid resuscitation during mild and severe hemorrhages and is able to maintain high cardiac output and stroke volume while reducing hemodynamic variability." 05/01/2023 - "Vasoplegic syndrome is a type of distributive shock characterized by mean arterial pressure of less than 65 mmHg, with normal to high cardiac output and often refractory to fluid resuscitation, high doses of intravenous vasopressors, and inotropes. " 03/01/1977 - "Cerebral cortex edema developed in all the survived dogs which had low cardiac output 24 hours after resuscitation, but it was not observed in animals with high cardiac output." 06/18/2021 - "BACKGROUND Cardiac vasoplegic syndrome is a form of vasodilatory shock characterized by profound vasodilation and low systemic vascular resistance, which results in significant hypotension despite high cardiac output and appropriate fluid resuscitation. " 02/01/1992 - "After endotoxin and volume resuscitation, each animal had low systemic vascular resistance with normal to high cardiac output. "
2.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/1997 - "The study of turbulence flows downstream of cardiac prostheses, in literature, especially concerns large-sized prostheses with a variable flow regime from very low up to 6 L/min. The Food and Drug Administration draft guidance requires the study of the minimum prosthetic size at a high cardiac output to reach the maximum Reynolds number conditions. " 06/01/2005 - "Our findings indicate that small "functional" prosthesis sizes with modern mechanical valves may not adversely affect outcomes of aortic valve replacement in young patients with high cardiac output requirements." 02/01/1996 - "St. Jude Medical and CarboMedics 21 mm prostheses have equally favorable hemodynamic performances in most patients under conditions of high cardiac output." 01/01/2020 - "Greater than expected gradients were defined as mean systolic Doppler gradients ≥20 mm Hg. The primary end-point was incidence and mechanisms of mean systolic Doppler gradients ≥20 mm Hg. A total of 36 (8%) patients had mean systolic Doppler gradients ≥20 mm Hg. The mechanisms of mean systolic Doppler gradients ≥20 mm Hg were: patient prosthesis mismatch in 15 (42%) patients, high cardiac output in 13 (36%), prosthetic and periprosthetic regurgitation in 11 (31%), stenosis in 5 (14%), and multiple mechanisms in 8 (22%). "
3.	Drug Tapering 10/01/1999 - "This study evaluated the response to prostacyclin dose reduction in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) who developed high cardiac outputs. "
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 03/01/2019 - "Relationships of high cardiac output with ventricular morphology, myocardial energetics, and energy costs in hemodialysis patients with preserved ejection fraction." 01/01/2007 - "Inflow reduction by distalization of anastomosis treats efficiently high-inflow high-cardiac output vascular access for hemodialysis." 01/01/1996 - "Finally, we describe a syndrome of the hypertrophic, high cardiac output hemodialysis heart, which is characterized by a high cardiac output in hemodialysis patients. " 01/01/2018 - "The finding that previous CVD was positively associated with eLVH may result from the permanent high cardiac output and the strong tendency for aortic valve calcification in this group of long-term hemodialysis patients, who suffer generally also from chronic anemia and various other metabolic derangements. " 06/30/2021 - "Congestive heart failure (CHF) with high cardiac output is an uncommon, yet attributable result of non-hemodialysis arteriovenous malformations. "
5.	Catheters 01/01/2023 - "The use of a pulmonary artery catheter can promptly confirm a high cardiac output state and plays a crucial role in rapidly deteriorating cases. " 12/01/2002 - "High cardiac output by a continuous cardiac output pulmonary artery catheter." 10/01/1993 - "A pulmonary artery catheter inserted three hours after the event showed normal pressures and a high cardiac output. " 01/01/1994 - "Before laparotomy, a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted for haemodynamic monitoring which showed a high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistances, increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure and a high SvO2 (93%). " 07/01/2016 - "High cardiac output by Swan-Ganz catheter after repair of ventricular septal rupture-patch dehiscence or false overestimation?"