Smear Layer

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555 relevant articles (50 outcomes, 130 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.

Also Known As:

Layer, Smear

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Stomatognathic Diseases: 273

Tooth Diseases: 13

Dental Deposits: 28

Smear Layer: 555

Related Diseases

1.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
2.	Infection
3.	Root Caries
4.	Periodontitis
5.	Dentin Sensitivity

Experts

1.	Goodell, Gary G: 2 articles (08/2008 - 07/2005)
2.	Batista, Luiz Henrique Carvalho: 2 articles (01/2008 - 10/2003)
3.	Sampaio, Jose Eduardo Cezar: 2 articles (01/2008 - 04/2005)
4.	Kum, Kee-Yeon: 2 articles (07/2006 - 04/2006)
5.	Pilatti, Gibson Luiz: 2 articles (07/2005 - 10/2003)
6.	Torabinejad, Mahmoud: 2 articles (04/2003 - 12/2002)
7.	Khademi, Abbas Ali: 2 articles (04/2003 - 12/2002)
8.	Bakland, Leif K: 2 articles (04/2003 - 12/2002)
9.	Serper, A: 2 articles (12/2001 - 08/2000)
10.	Calt, S: 2 articles (12/2001 - 08/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Smear Layer:

1.	Edetic Acid (EDTA)FDA Link 10/01/2009 - "EDTA removed the smear layer extremely effectively and, as a result, improved the bond strength at each region (apical, middle, and coronal) of the roots. " 08/01/2008 - "Significantly greater smear layer removal was found in the 1-minute EDTA irrigation group than the 30-second or 15-second groups." 02/01/2007 - "Mean duration of bacterial penetration in groups 2 and 3 was significantly greater than in group 1, but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. According to our findings, it takes longer for bacteria to penetrate when either EDTA or MTAD is used for smear layer removal. " 03/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of chamomile to remove smear layer was superior to NaOCl alone but less than NaOCl combined with EDTA." 06/01/2001 - "Syringe irrigation was more effective in smear layer removal, except for ultrasonic irrigation with 15% EDTA, whilst ultrasonic irrigation was more effective in debris removal including the use of OPW as irrigant following instrumentation with 5% NaOCl. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Citric Acid (Citrate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1990 - "3. Conditioning with citric acid is more effective than the application of LIV CENERA Liquid in removing the smear layer, but LIV CENERA Liquid in contrast to citric acid application, did not enlarge the dentinal tubules." 09/01/2003 - "OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of various concentrations of citric acid at different pH values for the removal of the superficial smear layer from dentinal surfaces was examined through the use of scanning electron microscopy. " 09/01/2003 - "Efficacy of various concentrations of citric acid at different pH values for smear layer removal." 09/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, lower concentrations of citric acid with its original pH were found to be as effective as higher concentrations in the removal of superficial smear layer." 01/01/2000 - "AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the cleansing and smear layer removal capability of alternate canal irrigation with citric acid and NaOCl. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	carbopol 940 (sodium polyacrylate)IBA 06/01/2002 - "Polyacrylic acid treated samples showed some residual smear layer. " 01/01/2001 - "The amorphous smear layer was partially removed after the application of 25% polyacrylic acid (pH 1.53), but all dentinal tubules contained plugs. " 05/01/1991 - "Using phosphoric acid at 37% and poliacrylic in the dentin during short periods of time, the adhesion between the cement and the dentin is improved because the Smear Layer is removed totally in the case of phosphoric acid and partially in the case of polyacrylic acid." 12/01/1990 - "Removal of the smear layer using 10% polyacrylic acid solution did not influence microleakage in restorations with light-cured glass ionomer liners." 01/01/2005 - "Samples of GIC were bonded to prepared cavities and tooth surfaces that had been conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid for 10 s and allowed to mature for 24 h in neutral buffered saline, sectioned under water and then acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s to remove sectioning smear layer and to highlight surface morphology, rinsed and gently dried. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Gutta-Percha (Guttapercha)IBA 06/01/2008 - "Scanning electron microscopy showed that all the post-space treatments tested were effective in removal of the smear layer of debris, or sealer/gutta-percha remnants, on the root canal. " 11/01/1993 - "In the absence of smear layer, the adaptation of gutta-percha was improved in all groups. " 06/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to compare the apical leakage of roots obturated with gutta-percha using either an epoxy resin sealer (AH26) or a dual cure dentin binding agent (Excite DSC) as sealer in the presence or absence of smear layer with fluid filtration method. " 05/01/2009 - "CONCLUSIONS: Smear layer removal under the conditions tested in this study did not affect the obturation of root canal ramifications when lateral condensation of gutta-percha was the technique used for root canal filling." 12/01/2007 - "This in vitro study evaluated the ability of a warm gutta-percha obturation system Thermafil to fill lateral channels in presence/absence of smear layer. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tetracycline (Achromycin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1997 - "Results of this study suggest that tetracycline HCl is the best current tetracycline form for root surface conditioning as measured by its ability to affect both dentin smear layer removal and dentin tubule exposure." 07/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: The antibacterial and anticollagenolytic properties of tetracycline (TCN) are valuable in periodontal therapy, and TCN treatment can remove the smear layer following root instrumentation. " 02/01/2000 - "All tetracycline HCl groups at 1, 3, and 5 minutes show smear layer removal from the dentin surface. " 08/01/1997 - "Tetracycline HCI removed the dentin smear layer leaving clean and open tubules significantly better than other solutions tested in as little as 30 seconds. " 02/01/1997 - "Ultrasonic irrigation, citric acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were effective in removing the smear layer. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	CollagenIBA 01/01/2008 - "RESULTS: The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing were the most effective in smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure. " 01/01/2003 - "The rationale for this procedure is that removing the smear layer from the root surfaces exposes collagen fibers, which leads to improved healing. " 03/01/1990 - "Recent scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies have characterized the smear layer as mineralized collagen fibers appearing as globules dispersed within an amorphous cutting matrix. " 09/01/2008 - "In contrast to the 10-second etching time, the increased etching time of 30 seconds resulted in the following findings: (1) an increased number of dentinal tubules (p < 0.05), (2) an increase in dentinal tubule diameter (p < 0.05), (3) an increase in dentinal tubule surface percentage (p < 0.001), (4) a decrease in intertubular dentinal surface percentage (p < 0.001), (5) appearance of dentin surface porous zone containing smear layer and demineralized residual collagen particles with dentin demineralization products in acid globules (p < 0.001), and (6) completely dissolved peritubular dentin cuff (p <0.001). " 09/01/2008 - "SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was utilized to observe the following parameters: number and diameter of dentinal tubules, dentinal and intertubular dentinal surface percentage, appearance of the dentin surface porous zone containing smear layer and demineralized residual collagen particles with dentin demineralization products in acid globules, and dissolved peritubular dentin cuff. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Chelating AgentsIBA 01/01/1990 - "Chelating agents are effective in that they remove the smear layer, open the dentinal tubules, and produce a clean surface for closer obturation. " 05/01/2008 - "Comparison of the efficacy of three chelating agents in smear layer removal." 09/01/1981 - "The effects of two chelating agents on smear layer removal from cavity preparations: an in vivo study." 12/01/2001 - "Chelating agents, when used during chemicomechanical preparation, remove the smear layer. " 08/01/1981 - "Smear layer removal with chelating agents after cavity preparation." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	MTAD (intracanal irrigant)IBA 01/01/2009 - "BioPure MTAD is effective in removing the smear layer. " 06/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: Biopure MTAD and 1.3% NaClO are effective irrigating agents for removal of the smear layer on the surface of root canal. " 06/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of Biopure MTAD in removing smear layer in vitro. " 06/01/2009 - "[Effect of biopure MTAD on removing smear layer in vitro]" 03/01/2006 - "Ultrastructure of smear layer-covered intraradicular dentin after irrigation with BioPure MTAD." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Glass Ionomer CementsIBA 01/01/1990 - "The use of glass ionomer cements and unfilled resin as a cementing medium following smear layer removal shows promising results in both strength of cementation and the possibility of reducing post lengths. " 11/01/1991 - "The bond strengths of glass ionomer cements to prepared dentin ranged between 2.1 and 4.7 MPa for all test conditions and did not appear to be adversely affected by the presence of fluid under physiologic pressure or by the presence or absence of a smear layer. " 09/01/1990 - "Removal of the dentinal smear layer prior to placement of glass-ionomer cement is thought to maximize the strength of glass-ionomer cement/dentin bonding. " 11/01/1989 - "The clinical efficacy of various agents for smear layer removal and the effect of smear layer removal on the bond strengths of a glass-ionomer cement and three representative dentin bonding agents were examined. " 11/01/2004 - "Post space was prepared, the smear layer removed, and posts were luted with zinc-phosphate cement, glass-ionomer cement, or MTA. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Detergents (Detergent)IBA 12/01/2005 - "Water appeared to remove the smear layer only, but all detergents exceeded the predicted smear layer thickness. " 12/01/1998 - "The effects of the liquid phases and detergents appear limited to the removal of the smear layer. " 03/01/1995 - "The results obtained with in vitro tests showed that many detergents, liners and cleansers are able to maintain almost unaltered the smear layer, causing small modifications for the diameter and the number of dentinal tubules which are partially exposed. " 04/01/2005 - "A comparative SEM study of smear layer removal by detergents and EDTA on the root surface." 10/01/2003 - "Previous studies have shown that MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) is an effective antibacterial irrigant as a final rinse to remove the smear layer from the instrumented surface of root canals. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Solid-State Lasers 10/01/2005 - "RESULTS: The results show that the use of the Er:YAG laser is effective in removing the smear layer from root canal walls. " 08/01/1998 - "These results show Er:YAG laser is effective in removing debris and smear layer from root canal walls." 12/01/1998 - "The purposes of the study were to observe the morphological changes on root canal walls after instrumentation and irrigation, and assess the efficacy of conventional cleansing procedures and the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser in removing debris and smear layer from the root canal walls. " 08/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Er:YAG laser irradiation in removing debris and smear layer from prepared root canal walls. " 01/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser to remove debris and smear layer on the instrumented root canal walls in vitro. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Lasers (Laser) 04/01/2005 - "RESULTS: The results showed that great improvement in the cleanliness of the walls was found using the laser technique as compared with the control technique; a significant decrease in smear layer or debris was also recognized in laser-prepared canals (p < 0.01). " 12/01/2008 - "Laser activation of endodontic irrigants with improved conical laser fiber tips for removing smear layer in the apical third of the root canal." 10/01/2006 - "Smear layer could also be effectively eliminated in the laser treatment group and the acid treatment group, but the SEM results were different. " 07/01/2008 - "This study indicates that laser beam is not effective in removing debris and smear layer." 04/01/2009 - "More strikingly, with increasing laser power and frequency, there were corresponding morphological changes seen in the root canal wall, such as removal of the smear layer and melting and recrystallization of the dentin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Root Canal Preparation 09/01/1989 - "This investigation with scanning electron microscopy examines the efficacy of two methods of root canal preparation and the effectiveness of different chemicals on smear layer removal. " 07/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare root canal preparation in curved canals in molar teeth with the rotary NiTi Mtwo and ProTaper systems in terms of canal shape and smear layer. " 08/01/1985 - "[Smear layer after root canal preparation (SEM studies)]" 06/01/2002 - "Given that the smear layer produced during root canal preparation promoted adhesion and colonization of P. " 06/01/2002 - "Smear layer was observed to cover the entire root canal surface after root canal preparation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Gas Lasers 08/01/2000 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological changes after Nd-YAG and CO2 laser irradiation on dentin surfaces with or without the smear layer. " 08/01/2000 - "The CO2 laser produced extensive cracking lines on dentin surfaces with a smear layer, whereas surface erosion and crater formation were found on specimens without a smear layer. " 09/01/1999 - "RESULTS: It was observed that surface smear layer was present on root surfaces of teeth that were root planed; the CO2 laser was not able to remove the smear layer on the sites that were irradiated for 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 seconds at 3W power. " 01/01/1999 - "The specimens irradiated with the CO2 laser (G4) showed clean root-canal walls with the smear layer absent, charred, melted, recrystallized and glazed in both middle and apical thirds. " 06/01/1992 - "The effect of a CO2 laser on the structure and permeability of smear layer-covered human dentin was evaluated in vitro. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Root Planing 08/01/2007 - "The regular periodontal practice of scaling and root planing produces a smear layer on the root surface that is detrimental to the readhesion of tissues during subsequent regeneration therapy. " 04/01/1999 - "Under SEM the root surface after root planing showed the presence of smear layer whereas after Sofscale application root surface appeared devoid of smear layer. " 12/01/1997 - "The manual instruments permit good root planing with minimum ablation from the root surface and only a thin smear layer (a compound of grinding dust, dentinal fluid, and water). " 06/01/1997 - "The results showed that root planing resulted in a smear layer covering the root surfaces, irrespective of treatment modality. " 10/01/1993 - "The results showed that root planing creates a smear layer that reduces the permeability of the underlying dentin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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