Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

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Networked: 8112 relevant articles (627 outcomes, 1359 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Trapnell, Bruce C: 39 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Hamilton, John A: 38 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
3.	Dranoff, Glenn: 37 articles (12/2022 - 02/2002)
4.	Nakata, Koh: 32 articles (01/2020 - 02/2004)
5.	Jaffee, Elizabeth M: 26 articles (01/2021 - 08/2003)
6.	Suzuki, Takuji: 21 articles (01/2022 - 04/2008)
7.	Cook, Andrew D: 21 articles (11/2020 - 04/2004)
8.	Hodi, F Stephen: 20 articles (12/2022 - 05/2002)
9.	Becher, Burkhard: 20 articles (01/2022 - 06/2011)
10.	Tazawa, Ryushi: 20 articles (01/2020 - 05/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/01/2017 - "In addition, HDACi exposure of bone marrow (BM) cells significantly eliminated the MDSC population induced by GM-CSF or the tumor burden in vitro, which was further demonstrated as functionally important to relieve the inhibitory effect of MDSC-enriched BM cells on T cell proliferation. " 11/15/2004 - "In conclusion, vaccinations with dendritic cells associated with apoptotic tumor cells secreting GM-CSF show a very high therapeutic potency that should show promise for the treatment of human cancer." 01/01/2000 - "After complete tumor eradication, those mice treated with DC-AdIL-7 evidenced significantly greater release of splenocyte GM-CSF and IFN-gamma than did controls or AdIL-7-treated mice. " 10/01/1992 - "The dose-intensive regimens supported by GM-CSF produce a high complete remission rate in several types of malignancy. " 01/01/2022 - "The addition of nHA could attenuate the burst release of GM-CSF due to the interaction with nHA, which is beneficial for GM-CSF sustainable release at tumor site, achieving boosted and prolonged anti-tumor immunity. "
2.	Infections 09/01/1991 - "Under GM-CSF the blood neutrophils recovered 6 and 9 days earlier in the TAD9 (P = .009) and S-HAM (P = .043) groups associated with a rapid clearance of infections in most patients. " 01/15/1990 - "GM-CSF was most effective when given for a brief period (1 to 2 days) after infection. " 08/01/2005 - "GM-CSF, in addition to IS, may shorten time to neutrophil count recovery, may be beneficial in decreasing infection rates, and may improve platelet response in patients with SAA. " 03/01/2000 - "Lung GM-CSF levels increased progressively during the infection and were significantly greater than those in uninfected controls 3, 4, and 5 wk after inoculation. " 01/01/2000 - "By use of a flow cytometric assay to quantify phagocytosis, HIV-1 infection was found to impair the ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose MAC in vitro, whereas GM-CSF significantly improved this defect. "
3.	Neutropenia 05/01/1989 - "In conclusion, GM-CSF is well tolerated by the SC route and induces striking, but usually temporary, improvement in the neutropenia of MDS. " 07/01/2001 - "In this series, GM-CSF was shown to be effective on iatrogenic neutropenia and related complications, with no impact on thrombopoiesis, drug dose escalation and outcome." 12/01/1998 - "We conclude that GM-CSF is effective in improving CLL associated chronic neutropenia and also enhances impaired granulocyte chemiluminescence. " 07/01/1991 - "GM-CSF may possibly be helpful in the treatment of victims of radiation accidents and in patients with acquired neutropenias and glykogenosis IB. " 01/01/2022 - "This study provides evidence for the clinical feasibility of combining CAR T-cell therapy with the GM-CSF to treat neutropenia patients with concomitant declination of circulating CAR T-cell."
4.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 12/01/2015 - "Neither adjuvant GM-CSF nor PV significantly improved RFS or OS in patients with high-risk resected melanoma. " 04/01/2000 - "GM-CSF may provide an antitumor effect that prolongs survival and disease-free survival in patients with stage III and IV melanoma who are clinically disease-free. " 07/29/2020 - "Enthusiasm for GM-CSF monotherapy as a melanoma treatment was dampened by two large randomized trials. " 01/01/2020 - "In previously reported randomized trials we assessed the effects of local immune modulation in early-stage melanoma with CpG-B alone or with GM-CSF. " 01/01/2017 - "This study was designed to assess overall safety of percutaneous ablation combined with GM-CSF for unresectable, metastatic melanoma including uveal and mucosal types. "
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 12/01/2015 - "Exploratory analyses suggest that GM-CSF may be beneficial in patients with resected visceral metastases; this observation requires prospective validation." 07/01/2000 - "More importantly, TK/GM-CSF/IL-2 combination gene therapy induced a significant reduction in lung metastasis compared with any other treatment groups in the 4T1 model (P < .001 between TK GM-CSF/IL-2 versus TK only). " 12/01/2015 - "Exploratory analyses showed a trend toward improved OS in GM-CSF-treated patients with resected visceral metastases. " 05/01/1999 - "This study demonstrates that MCA106 parental cells are as effective as the GM-CSF-transduced cells in suppressing the growth of hepatic metastases. " 01/01/2022 - "GM-CSF - an oncogenic driver of HER2+ breast leptomeningeal metastasis."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
2.	Vaccines
3.	Cytokines
4.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
5.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)
6.	Interleukin-12 (IL 12)
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
8.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
9.	Interleukin-3 (Interleukin 3)
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Radiotherapy
5.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)